Too many zeros and/or highly skewed? A tutorial on modelling health behaviour as count data with Poisson and negative binomial regression

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1), С. 436 - 455

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Background: Dependent variables in health psychology are often counts, for example, of a behaviour or number engagements with an intervention. These counts can be very strongly skewed, and/or contain large numbers zeros as well extreme outliers. For ‘How many cigarettes do you smoke on average day?’ The modal answer may zero but range from 0 to 40+. same true minutes moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. some people, this near zero, take values someone training marathon. Typical analytical strategies data involve explicit (or implied) transformations (smoker v. non-smoker, log transformations). However, these types ‘counts’ (i.e. non-negative whole numbers) quasi-counts (time is ratio discrete activity could analysed count), and modelled using count distributions – including the Poisson negative binomial distribution (and their zero-inflated hurdle extensions, which alloweven more zeros).Methods: In tutorial paper I demonstrate (in R, Jamovi, SPSS) easy application models data, advantages over alternative ways analysing type two datasets one highly dispersed dependent variable (number views YouTube, another days symptoms were reported month).Results: had best fit overdispersed YouTube. Negative binomial, both good fits symptom over-abundant zeros.Conclusions: cases, provided not just better would lead different conclusions compared poorly fitting traditional regression/linear models.

Язык: Английский

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Complexity theory of psychopathology.

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 132(3), С. 314 - 323

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

There is a renewed interest for complex adaptive system approaches that can account the inherently and dynamic nature of psychopathology.Yet theory psychopathology grounded in principles systems lacking.Here, we present such based on notion patterns: patterns are formed over time.We propose be understood as pattern emerges from self-organized interactions between interdependent biopsychosocial processes comprising person their environment.Psychopathology emergent sense it refers to person-environment whole cannot reduced specific parts.Psychopathology also self-organized, meaning arises solely interdependencies system: countless variables.All possible manifestations will correspond wide variety patterns.Yet development these time described by general formation systems.A discussion implications classification, intervention, public health concludes article.

Язык: Английский

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Studying Behaviour Change Mechanisms under Complexity

Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(5), С. 77 - 77

Опубликована: Май 14, 2021

Understanding the mechanisms underlying effects of behaviour change interventions is vital for accumulating valid scientific evidence, and useful to informing practice policy-making across multiple domains. Traditional approaches such evaluations have applied study designs statistical models, which implicitly assume that linear, constant caused by independent influences on (such as techniques). This article illustrates limitations these standard tools, considers benefits adopting a complex adaptive systems approach research. It (1) outlines complexity behaviours interventions; (2) introduces readers some key features how relate human change; (3) provides suggestions researchers can better account implications in analysing mechanisms. We focus three common (i.e., interconnectedness, non-ergodicity non-linearity), introduce Recurrence Analysis, method non-linear time series analysis able quantify dynamics. The supplemental website exemplifying code data practical applications. complement traditional investigations opening up novel avenues understanding theorising about dynamics change.

Язык: Английский

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Early warning signals and critical transitions in psychopathology: challenges and recommendations

Current Opinion in Psychology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41, С. 51 - 58

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2021

Empirical evidence is mounting that monitoring momentary experiences for the presence of early warning signals (EWS) may allow personalized predictions meaningful symptom shifts in psychopathology. Studies aiming to detect EWS require intensive longitudinal measurement designs center on individuals undergoing change. We recommend researchers (1) define criteria relevant a priori specific hypothesis testing, (2) balance observation period length and high-frequency measurements with participant burden by testing ambitious pilot studies, (3) choose variables are their patient group facilitate replication others. Thoroughly considered necessary assess promise as clinical tool detect, prevent, or encourage impending changes

Язык: Английский

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Squaring the circle: From latent variables to theory-based measurement

Theory & Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(1), С. 118 - 137

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2022

Psychometrics builds on the fundamental premise that psychological attributes are unobservable and need to be inferred from observable behavior. Consequently, psychometric procedures consist primarily in applying latent variable modeling, which statistically relates variables manifest variables. However, modeling falls short of providing a theoretically sound definition attributes. Whereas pragmatic interpretation cannot represent at all, realist implies empty placeholders for unknown The authors argue can only identified if they defined within context substantive formal theory. Building structuralist view scientific theories, show any successful application such theory necessarily produces specific values theoretical terms Therefore, is both necessary sufficient measurement.

Язык: Английский

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Attention bias modification for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Background Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by affective, somatic, and cognitive symptoms. Attention bias modification (ABM) has been widely used to treat depression. However, the results seem inconsistent. We conducted systematic review meta-analysis investigate efficacy of ABM for depression explore optimal protocol ABM. Methods Seven databases were systematically searched from their inceptions 5 October 2022 include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Two independent reviewers selected eligible articles, extracted data, evaluated risk using version 2 Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB 2.0) trials. The primary outcome was evaluation depressive symptoms accepted validated scales. secondary outcomes included rumination attentional control. Meta-analysis RevMan (version 5.4) Stata 12.0). Subgroup analyses meta-regressions performed identify source heterogeneity. certainty evidence assessed Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation (GRADE). Results A total 19 involving 20 datasets (1,262 participants) included. overall in one study rated as low bias, three studies considered high, remaining some concerns. Compared with attention control training (ACT), had greater effect improvement (SMD = −0.48, 95% CI −0.80 −0.17, I 82%) (MD −3.46, −6.06 −0.87, 0%). No significant differences observed between ACT 3.07, −0.52 6.65, analysis demonstrated that adults exhibited decrease scores than adolescents. dot-probe task, target stimulus presented face, directions left–right associated better antidepressant effects. delivered laboratory tended yield those at home. Sensitivity indicated robust. all or very low, publication may exist. Conclusion Due high heterogeneity limited studies, not enough current supported could be an effective intervention relieve More rigorous RCTs are required verify benefits Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [No. CRD42021279163].

Язык: Английский

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Additivity suppresses multifractal nonlinearity due to multiplicative cascade dynamics

Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 637, С. 129573 - 129573

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Multifractal test for nonlinearity of interactions across scales in time series

Behavior Research Methods, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 55(5), С. 2249 - 2282

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Dynamic time warp analysis of individual symptom trajectories in individuals with bipolar disorder

Bipolar Disorders, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(1), С. 44 - 57

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2023

Abstract Background Manic and depressive mood states in bipolar disorder (BD) may emerge from the non‐linear relations between constantly changing symptoms exhibited as a complex dynamic system. Dynamic Time Warp (DTW) is an algorithm that capture symptom interactions panel data with sparse observations over time. Methods The Young Mania Rating Scale Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology were repeatedly assessed 141 individuals BD, on average 5.5 assessments per subject every 3–6 months. calculated distance each 27 × pairs standardized scores. profile scores BD participants was analyzed individual subjects, yielding dimensions aggregated group‐level analyses. Using asymmetric time‐window, changes preceded other (i.e., Granger causality) yielded directed network. Results mean age 40.1 (SD 13.5) years old, 60% female participants. Idiographic networks highly variable subjects. Yet, nomothetic analyses showed five dimensions: core (hypo)mania (6 items), dysphoric mania (5 lethargy (7 somatic/suicidality sleep (3 items). Symptoms “Lethargy” dimension highest out‐strength, its those “somatic/suicidality,” while “core (hypo)mania” “dysphoric mania.” Conclusion help to meaningful observations. It increase insight into temporal dynamics symptoms, high out‐strength (rather than in‐strength) could be promising targets for intervention.

Язык: Английский

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The best of both worlds? General principles of psychopathology in personalized assessment.

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 132(7), С. 808 - 819

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023

A complex systems approach to psychopathology proposes that general principles lie in the dynamic patterns of psychopathology, which are not restricted specific psychological processes like symptoms or affect.Hence, it must be possible find change profiles time series data fully personalized questionnaires.In current study, we examined self-ratings and related these four measures treatment outcome (International Symptom Rating, 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, daily symptom severity, self-reflective capacity).We analyzed 404 patients with mood and/or anxiety disorders who completed on

Язык: Английский

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