Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Background
The
increasing
utilization
of
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
has
led
to
a
concomitant
rise
in
the
incidence
immune-related
adverse
events
(irAEs),
notably
immune-mediated
colitis
(IMC).
This
study
aimed
identify
clinical
risk
factors
associated
with
IMC
development
patients
lung
cancer
and
develop
prediction
model
facilitate
personalized
treatment
care
strategies.
Methods
data
collected
included
21
variables,
including
sociodemographic
characteristics,
cancer-related
factors,
routine
blood
markers.
dataset
was
randomly
partitioned
into
training
set
(70%)
validation
(30%).
Univariate
multivariate
logistic
regression
analyses
were
conducted
independent
predictors
development.
On
basis
results
analysis,
nomogram
developed.
Model
performance
assessed
via
area
under
receiver
operating
characteristic
curve
(AUC),
calibration
decision
analysis
(DCA),
impact
(CIC).
Results
Among
2103
patients,
66
(3.14%)
developed
IMCs.
Multivariate
revealed
female
sex,
small
cell
(SCLC),
elevated
β2
microglobulin
(β2-MG)
globulin
(GLB)
levels,
an
increased
neutrophil−lymphocyte
ratio
(NLR)
as
(all
P
<
0.05).
Conversely,
higher
white
(WBC)
count,
CD4/CD8
ratio,
platelet−lymphocyte
(PLR)
identified
reduced
demonstrated
good
discrimination,
achieving
AUC
0.830
(95%
CI:
0.774–0.887)
0.827
0.709–0.944)
set.
Analysis
curve,
DCA,
CIC
indicated
predictive
accuracy
utility
model.
Conclusion
eight
subsequently
nomogram-based
assess
risk.
Utilization
this
potential
assist
clinicians
implementing
appropriate
preventive
therapeutic
strategies,
ultimately
contributing
reduction
among
patient
population.
Journal of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
23(1), С. 207 - 207
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Gastric
cancer
(GC)
is
the
fourth
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
deaths
worldwide.
Under
standard
care,
patients
with
advanced
GC
(AGC)
have
a
median
survival
time
approximately
12-15
months.
With
emergence
immunotherapy
as
key
therapeutic
strategy
in
medical
oncology,
relevant
changes
are
expected
systemic
treatment
GC.
In
phase
III
ATTRACTION-2
trial,
nivolumab,
monoclonal
anti-programmed
cell
death
1
(PD-1)
antibody,
third-
or
later-line
improved
overall
(OS)
compared
placebo
AGC.
Furthermore,
nivolumab
combination
5-fluorouracil
and
platinum
first-line
OS
human
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor-2
(HER2)-negative
AGC
global
CheckMate-649
study.
Another
anti-PD-1
pembrolizumab,
trastuzumab
cytotoxic
chemotherapy
treatment,
significantly
response
rate
HER2-positive
Therefore,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
essential
components
current
Subsequent
treatments
after
ICI
therapy,
such
rechallenge
therapy
agents
having
other
modes
action,
being
actively
investigated
to
date.
On
basis
success
AGC,
various
clinical
trials
underway
apply
this
perioperative
postoperative
settings
for
early
This
review
describes
recent
progress
potential
biomarkers
Cancers,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(9), С. 2538 - 2538
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2023
The
occurrence,
second-line
management
and
outcome
of
sr/sd-irAEs
was
investigated
in
patients
with
skin
cancer.
All
cancer
treated
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
between
2013
2021
at
a
tertiary
care
center
were
analyzed
retrospectively.
Adverse
events
coded
by
CTCAE
version
5.0.
course
frequency
irAEs
summarized
using
descriptive
statistics.
A
total
406
included
the
study.
In
44.6%
(n
=
181)
patients,
229
documented.
Out
those,
146
(63.8%)
systemic
steroids.
Sr-irAEs
sd-irAEs
25)
detected
10.9%
all
irAEs,
6.2%
ICI-treated
patients.
this
cohort,
infliximab
(48%)
mycophenolate
mofetil
(28%)
most
often
administered
as
immunosuppressants.
type
irAE
important
factor
associated
choice
immunosuppression.
Sd/sr-irAEs
resolved
60%
cases,
had
permanent
sequelae
28%
required
third-line
therapy
12%.
None
fatal.
Although
these
side
effects
manifest
only
under
ICI
therapy,
they
impose
difficult
decisions,
especially
since
there
are
few
data
to
determine
optimal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(10), С. 5490 - 5490
Опубликована: Май 17, 2024
An
immune
checkpoint
is
a
signaling
pathway
that
regulates
the
recognition
of
antigens
by
T-cell
receptors
(TCRs)
during
an
response.
These
checkpoints
play
pivotal
role
in
suppressing
excessive
responses
and
maintaining
homeostasis
against
viral
or
microbial
infections.
There
are
several
FDA-approved
inhibitors
(ICIs),
including
ipilimumab,
pembrolizumab,
avelumab.
ICIs
target
cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated
protein
4
(CTLA-4),
programmed
cell
death
1
(PD-1),
ligand
(PD-L1).
Furthermore,
ongoing
efforts
focused
on
developing
new
with
emerging
potential.
In
comparison
to
conventional
treatments,
offer
advantages
reduced
side
effects
durable
responses.
growing
interest
potential
combining
different
chemotherapy,
radiation
therapy,
targeted
therapies.
This
article
comprehensively
reviews
classification,
mechanism
action,
application,
combination
strategies
various
cancers
discusses
their
current
limitations.
Our
objective
contribute
future
development
more
effective
anticancer
drugs
targeting
checkpoints.
Regulatory
T
cells
(Tregs),
an
essential
component
of
the
human
immune
system,
are
a
heterogeneous
group
lymphocytes
with
ability
to
suppress
responses
and
maintain
homeostasis.
Recent
evidence
indicates
that
Tregs
may
impair
antitumor
immunity
facilitate
cancer
progression
by
weakening
functions
effector
(Teffs).
Consequently,
targeting
eliminate
them
from
tumor
microenvironments
improve
Teffs'
activity
could
emerge
as
effective
strategy
for
immunotherapy.
This
review
outlines
biology
Tregs,
detailing
their
origins,
classification,
crucial
markers.
Our
focus
lies
on
complex
role
in
cancer's
development,
treatment,
particularly
suppressive
upon
via
multiple
mechanisms.
We
delve
into
Tregs'
involvement
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB)
therapy,
dual
effect
immunotherapy
potential
biomarkers
ICB
therapy
effectiveness.
also
summarize
advances
therapies
adjust
optimize
which
be
devising
innovative
treatment
strategies.
Experimental Hematology and Oncology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024
Abstract
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
macrophage
(CAR-MΦ)
represents
a
significant
advancement
in
immunotherapy,
especially
for
treating
solid
tumors
where
traditional
CAR-T
therapies
face
limitations.
CAR-MΦ
offers
promising
approach
to
target
and
eradicate
tumor
cells
by
utilizing
macrophages’
phagocytic
antigen-presenting
abilities.
However,
challenges
such
as
the
complex
microenvironment
(TME),
variability
expression,
immune
suppression
limit
their
efficacy.
This
review
addresses
these
issues,
exploring
mechanisms
of
action,
optimal
construct
designs,
interactions
within
TME.
It
also
delves
into
ex
vivo
manufacturing
CAR-MΦ,
discussing
autologous
allogeneic
sources
importance
stringent
quality
control.
The
potential
synergies
integrating
with
existing
cancer
like
checkpoint
inhibitors
conventional
chemotherapeutics
are
examined
highlight
possible
enhanced
treatment
outcomes.
Furthermore,
regulatory
pathways
scrutinized
alongside
established
protocols
cells,
identifying
unique
considerations
essential
clinical
trials
market
approval.
Proposed
safety
monitoring
frameworks
aim
manage
adverse
events,
cytokine
release
syndrome,
crucial
patient
safety.
Consolidating
current
research
insights,
this
seeks
refine
therapeutic
applications,
overcome
barriers,
suggest
future
directions
transition
from
experimental
platforms
standard
care
options.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(10), С. 3911 - 3922
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
have
heralded
a
new
era
in
immunotherapy,
representing
pivotal
breakthrough
cancer
treatment.
Their
impact
is
profound,
with
ICIs
standing
as
some
of
the
most
prescribed
anticancer
therapies
today.
Notably,
their
ability
to
induce
long-term
remission
even
after
treatment
cessation
provides
genuine
hope
for
achieving
durable
cures.
However,
despite
these
strides,
challenges
persist
landscape
oncology,
including
resistance
phenomena,
immune-related
adverse
events,
and
suboptimal
response
rates.
In
challenges,
combination
therapy
emerges
promising
approach,
poised
enhance
outcomes
address
limitations
inherent
single-agent
ICI
therapy.
By
synergistically
targeting
multiple
pathways,
holds
potential
augment
therapeutic
efficacy
while
mitigating
toxicity
impeding
emergence
mechanisms.
Understanding
intricacies
underlying
development
events
paramount
devising
novel
refined
strategies.
A
timeline
showing
FDA
approvals
shown
