Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(1)
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023
Abstract
Circular
RNA
(circRNA)
is
a
type
of
non-coding
that
forms
covalently
closed,
uninterrupted
loop.
The
expression
circRNA
differs
among
cell
types
and
tissues,
various
circRNAs
are
aberrantly
expressed
in
variety
diseases,
including
cancer.
Aberrantly
contribute
to
disease
progression
by
acting
as
microRNA
sponges,
functional
protein
or
novel
templates
for
translation.
Recent
studies
have
shown
enriched
exosomes.
Exosomes
spherical
bilayer
vesicles
released
cells
into
extracellular
spaces
mediate
intercellular
communication
delivering
cargoes.
These
cargoes
include
metabolites,
proteins,
lipids,
molecules.
Exosome-mediated
cell-cell
cell-microenvironment
communications
influence
the
carcinogenesis
regulating
proliferation,
angiogenesis,
metastasis
well
immune
escape.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
about
exosomal
cancers
discuss
their
specific
functions
tumorigenesis.
Additionally,
potential
value
diagnostic
biomarkers
applications
circRNA-based
cancer
therapy.
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
Lung
cancer
stands
as
the
most
prevalent
form
of
globally,
posing
a
significant
threat
to
human
well-being.
Due
lack
effective
and
accurate
early
diagnostic
methods,
many
patients
are
diagnosed
with
advanced
lung
cancer.
Although
surgical
resection
is
still
potential
means
eradicating
cancer,
usually
miss
best
chance
for
treatment,
even
after
may
experience
tumor
recurrence.
Additionally,
chemotherapy,
mainstay
treatment
has
be
chemo-resistant,
resulting
in
poor
clinical
outcomes.
The
emergence
liquid
biopsies
garnered
considerable
attention
owing
their
noninvasive
nature
ability
continuous
sampling.
Technological
advancements
have
propelled
circulating
cells
(CTCs),
DNA
(ctDNA),
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
metabolites,
tumor-educated
platelets
(TEPs),
tumor-associated
antigens
(TAA)
forefront
key
biopsy
biomarkers,
demonstrating
intriguing
encouraging
results
diagnosis
prognostic
evaluation
This
review
provides
an
overview
molecular
biomarkers
assays
utilized
encompassing
CTCs,
ctDNA,
non-coding
RNA
(ncRNA),
EVs,
TAAs
TEPs.
Furthermore,
we
expound
on
practical
applications
biopsies,
including
diagnosis,
response
monitoring,
evaluation,
recurrence
monitoring
context
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024
Ferroptosis
is
an
iron-dependent,
novel
form
of
programmed
cell
death
characterized
by
lipid
peroxidation
and
glutathione
depletion
widespread
in
a
variety
diseases.
CD8+
T
cells
are
the
most
important
effector
cytotoxic
cells,
capable
specifically
recognizing
killing
cancer
cells.
Traditionally,
thought
to
induce
mainly
through
perforin
granzyme,
Fas-L/Fas
binding.
In
recent
years,
cell-derived
IFN-γ
was
found
promote
ferroptosis
multiple
mechanisms,
including
upregulation
IRF1
IRF8,
downregulation
system
XC-,
while
shown
enhance
anti-tumor
effects
heating
tumor
immune
microenvironment
exposure
release
tumor-associated
specific
antigens,
which
results
positive
feedback
pathway.
Unfortunately,
intra-tumoral
more
sensitive
than
limits
application
inducers
cancer.
addition,
susceptible
being
regulated
other
TME,
such
as
macrophages,
dendritic
Treg,
bone
marrow-derived
immunosuppressive
Together,
these
factors
build
complex
network
Therefore,
we
aim
integrate
relevant
studies
reveal
potential
mechanisms
crosstalk
between
ferroptosis,
summarize
preclinical
models
therapy
find
new
therapeutic
strategies
this
review.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2024
The
cascade
of
metastasis
in
tumor
cells,
exhibiting
organ-specific
tendencies,
may
occur
at
numerous
phases
the
disease
and
progress
under
intense
evolutionary
pressures.
Organ-specific
relies
on
formation
pre-metastatic
niche
(PMN),
with
diverse
cell
types
complex
interactions
contributing
to
this
concept,
adding
a
new
dimension
traditional
cascade.
Prior
metastatic
dissemination,
as
orchestrators
PMN
formation,
primary
tumor-derived
extracellular
vesicles
prepare
fertile
microenvironment
for
settlement
colonization
circulating
cells
distant
secondary
sites,
significantly
impacting
cancer
progression
outcomes.
Obviously,
solely
intervening
sites
passively
after
macrometastasis
is
often
insufficient.
Early
prediction
holistic,
macro-level
control
represent
future
directions
therapy.
This
review
emphasizes
dynamic
intricate
systematic
alterations
that
progresses,
illustrates
immunological
landscape
creation,
deepens
understanding
treatment
modalities
pertinent
metastasis,
thereby
identifying
some
prognostic
predictive
biomarkers
favorable
early
predict
occurrence
design
appropriate
combinations.
Currently,
tumor
treatment
modalities
such
as
immunotherapy
and
targeted
therapy
have
more
stringent
requirements
for
obtaining
growth
information
require
accurate
easy-to-operate
detection
methods.
Compared
with
traditional
tissue
biopsy,
liquid
biopsy
is
a
novel,
minimally
invasive,
real-time
tool
detecting
directly
or
indirectly
released
by
tumors
in
human
body
fluids,
which
suitable
the
of
new
modalities.
Liquid
has
not
been
widely
used
clinical
practice,
there
are
fewer
reviews
related
applications.
This
review
summarizes
applications
components
(e.g.,
circulating
cells,
DNA,
extracellular
vesicles,
etc.)
tumorigenesis
progression.
includes
development
process
techniques
biopsies,
early
screening
tumors,
detection,
guiding
therapeutic
strategies
(liquid
biopsy-based
personalized
medicine
prediction
response).
Finally,
current
challenges
future
directions
proposed.
In
sum,
this
will
inspire
researchers
to
use
technology
promote
realization
individualized
therapy,
improve
efficacy
provide
better
options
patients.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
Abstract
Anti-programmed
death
1/programmed
ligand
1
(anti-PD-1/PD-L1)
antibodies
exert
significant
antitumor
effects
by
overcoming
tumor
cell
immune
evasion
and
reversing
T-cell
exhaustion.
However,
the
emergence
of
drug
resistance
causes
most
patients
to
respond
poorly
these
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs).
Studies
have
shown
that
insufficient
infiltration,
lack
PD-1
expression,
deficient
interferon
signaling,
loss
antigen
presentation,
abnormal
lipid
metabolism
are
all
considered
be
closely
associated
with
immunotherapy
resistance.
To
address
in
immunotherapy,
a
lot
research
has
concentrated
on
developing
combination
therapy
strategies.
Currently,
ICIs
such
as
anti-PD-1
/PD-L1
antibody
combined
chemotherapy
targeted
been
approved
for
clinical
treatment.
In
this
review,
we
analyze
mechanisms
anti-PD-1/PD-L1
terms
microenvironment,
gut
microbiota,
epigenetic
regulation,
co-inhibitory
receptors.
We
also
discuss
various
promising
therapeutic
strategies
drugs,
including
combining
therapies
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
non-coding
RNAs,
therapy,
other
ICIs,
personalized
cancer
vaccines.
Moreover,
focus
biomarkers
predict
well
efficacy.
Finally,
suggest
ways
further
expand
application
through
using
biomarker
systems.
Abstract
The
patient‐derived
xenograft
(PDX)
model
is
a
crucial
in
vivo
extensively
employed
cancer
research
that
has
been
shown
to
maintain
the
genomic
characteristics
and
pathological
structure
of
patients
across
various
subtypes,
metastatic,
diverse
treatment
histories.
Various
strategies
utilized
PDX
models
can
offer
valuable
insights
into
mechanisms
tumor
progression,
drug
resistance,
development
novel
therapies.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
establishment
applications
models.
We
present
an
history
current
status
models,
elucidate
construction
methodologies
for
different
tumors,
conduct
comparative
analysis
highlight
distinct
advantages
limitations
this
relation
other
are
elucidated
domain
comprehending
underlying
therapy,
which
highlights
broad
fields
chemotherapy,
targeted
delivery
systems,
combination
antibody–drug
conjugates
radiotherapy.
Furthermore,
with
multiomics
single‐cell
analyses
also
emphasized.
application
clinical
personalized
medicine
additionally
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
nanoscale
secreted
by
cells,
have
attracted
considerable
attention
in
recent
years
due
to
their
role
tumor
immunomodulation.
These
facilitate
intercellular
communication
transporting
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
other
biologically
active
substances,
they
exhibit
a
dual
development
immune
evasion
mechanisms.
Specifically,
EVs
can
assist
cells
evading
surveillance
attack
impairing
cell
function
or
modulating
immunosuppressive
pathways,
thereby
promoting
progression
metastasis.
Conversely,
also
transport
release
immunomodulatory
factors
that
stimulate
the
activation
regulation
of
system,
enhancing
body's
capacity
combat
malignant
diseases.
This
functionality
presents
promising
avenues
targets
for
immunotherapy.
By
examining
biological
characteristics
influence
on
immunity,
novel
therapeutic
strategies
be
developed
improve
efficacy
relevance
cancer
treatment.
review
delineates
complex
immunomodulation
explores
potential
implications
approaches,
aiming
establish
theoretical
foundation
provide
practical
insights
advancement
future
EVs-based
immunotherapy
strategies.
