Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is new multidisciplinary field that garnering lot of interest and investigation. shows great potential for cancer diagnosis treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in diagnostics enable high sensitivity high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches labeling are also made possible the use nanoprobes nanobiosensors. The achievement targeted medication delivery therapy accomplished through rational design manufacture nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have capability effectively transport medications or gene fragments tissues via passive active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm healthy tissues. Simultaneously, context radiation sensitization photothermal enhance therapeutic efficacy malignant tumors. This review presents literature overview summary how nanotechnology used According oncological diseases originating from different systems body combining pathophysiological features cancers at sites, we most recent developments applications. Finally, briefly discuss prospects challenges cancer.

Язык: Английский

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Cell Type-Specific Extracellular Vesicles and Their Impact on Health and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2730 - 2730

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a diverse group of cell-derived exocytosed particles, are pivotal in mediating intercellular communication due to their ability selectively transfer biomolecules specific cell types. EVs, composed proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, taken up by cells affect variety signaling cascades. Research the field has primarily focused on stem with particular focus mesenchymal cells, for potential therapeutic benefits. Recently, tissue-specific EVs or type-specific extracellular (CTS-EVs), have garnered attention unique biogenesis molecular composition because they enable highly targeted cell-specific communication. Various studies outlined roles that CTS-EVs play physiological function maintenance homeostasis, including immune modulation, tissue regeneration, organ development. These properties also exploited disease propagation, such as cancer, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, more. The insights gained from analyzing different biological not only enhance our understanding pathogenesis but open new avenues innovative diagnostic biomarkers targets wide spectrum medical conditions. This review comprehensively outlines current CTS-EV origins, within normal physiology, implications diseased states.

Язык: Английский

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Omics-Based Investigations of Breast Cancer

Molecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(12), С. 4768 - 4768

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is characterized by an extensive genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. In-depth investigations into the molecular bases of BC phenotypes, carcinogenesis, progression, metastasis are necessary for accurate diagnoses, prognoses, therapy assessments in predictive, precision, personalized oncology. This review discusses both classic as well several novel omics fields that involved or should be used modern investigations, which may integrated a holistic term, onco-breastomics. Rapid recent advances profiling strategies analytical techniques based on high-throughput sequencing mass spectrometry (MS) development have generated large-scale multi-omics datasets, mainly emerging from three ”big omics”, central dogma biology: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics. Metabolomics-based approaches also reflect dynamic response cells to genetic modifications. Interactomics promotes view research constructing characterizing protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks provide hypothesis pathophysiological processes progression subtyping. The emergence new omics- epiomics-based multidimensional opportunities gain insights heterogeneity its underlying mechanisms. main epiomics (epigenomics, epitranscriptomics, epiproteomics) focused epigenetic DNA changes, RNAs modifications, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) affecting protein functions in-depth understanding cell proliferation, migration, invasion. Novel fields, such epichaperomics epimetabolomics, could investigate interactome induced stressors PPI metabolites, drivers BC-causing phenotypes. Over last years, proteomics-derived omics, matrisomics, exosomics, secretomics, kinomics, phosphoproteomics, immunomics, provided valuable data deep dysregulated pathways their tumor microenvironment (TME) immune (TIMW). Most these datasets still assessed individually using distinct approches do not generate desired expected global-integrative knowledge with applications clinical diagnostics. However, hyphenated approaches, proteo-genomics, proteo-transcriptomics, phosphoproteomics-exosomics useful identification putative biomarkers therapeutic targets. To develop non-invasive diagnostic tests discover BC, omics-based allow significant blood/plasma-based omics. Salivaomics, urinomics, milkomics appear integrative high potential early diagnoses BC. Thus, analysis circulome considered frontier liquid biopsy. Omics-based modeling, classification subtype characterization. future single-cell analyses.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy biomarkers and their application in precision immuno-oncology

Biomarker Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2023

Abstract While the field of precision oncology is rapidly expanding and more targeted options are revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, therapeutic resistance particularly to immunotherapy remains a pressing challenge. This can be largely attributed dynamic tumor-stroma interactions that continuously alter microenvironment. date most advancements have been made through examining clinical utility tissue-based biomarkers, their invasive nature lack holistic representation evolving disease in real-time manner could result suboptimal decisions. Thus, using minimally-invasive approaches identify biomarkers predict monitor response as well alert emergence recurrences critical need. Currently, research efforts shifting towards developing liquid biopsy-based obtained from patients over course disease. Liquid biopsy represents unique opportunity intercellular communication within tumor microenvironment which occur exchange extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs lipid bilayer membrane nanoscale transfer plethora biomolecules mediate crosstalk, shape microenvironment, modify drug response. The capture innovative approaches, such microfluidics, magnetic beads, aptamers, allow analysis via high throughput multi-omics techniques facilitate use for biomarker discovery. Artificial intelligence, machine deep learning algorithms, advancing analyses uncover candidate predictive signatures key translation into trials. With increasing recognition role mediating immune evasion valuable source, these snapshots cellular promising become an important tool spur strategies block immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss emerging describing current advances isolation function mediators We also highlight recent lung melanoma studies point application potential immuno-oncology.

Язык: Английский

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Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools—turning the enemy into an ally

Biomaterials Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth spread abnormal cells body," fails to convey intricate interaction between many entities involved cancer. Recent advancements field cancer research have shed light on role played individual tumor microenvironment as whole development progression. This breakthrough enables utilization components biological tools, opening new possibilities. article delves deeply into concept "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from aid combatting it. It includes cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for theranostics), extracellular vesicles diagnosis/therapy), lysates vaccine development), engineered cells/organoids research). review seeks offer complete overview tumor-derived materials are utilized research, well their current stages implementation. aimed primarily at researchers working interface biology biomedical engineering, it provides vital insights this fast-growing topic.

Язык: Английский

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Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis: An Effective Tool to Characterize Extracellular Vesicles

Molecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(19), С. 4672 - 4672

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles that have attracted much attention for their potential in disease diagnosis and therapy. However, the clinical translation is limited by dosing consistency due to heterogeneity. Among various characterization techniques, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) offers distinct benefits EV characterization. In this review, we will discuss NTA technique with a focus on factors affecting results; then, review two modes of techniques along suitable applications specific areas studies. EVs typically characterized size, size distribution, concentration, protein markers, RNA cargos. The light-scattering mode accurate concentration information solution, which useful comparing isolation methods, storage conditions, secretion conditions. contrast, fluorescent allows differentiating subgroups based markers. success fluorescence heavily relies tags (e.g., types dyes labeling methods). When labeled disease-specific an effective tool detection biological fluids, such as saliva, blood, serum. Finally, limitations future directions

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles as Next-Generation Diagnostics and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(12), С. 6533 - 6533

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise for clinical application as new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This paper describes major GMP-based upstream downstream manufacturing processes EV large-scale production, also focusing on post-processing technologies such surface bioengineering uploading studies to yield novel EV-based diagnostics advanced therapy medicinal products. focuses the quality, safety, efficacy issues of bioengineered drug candidates before first-in-human studies. Because trials involving extracellular are global rise, this encompasses different registered clinical-trial register platforms, with varying levels advancement, highlighting growing interest in EV-related programs. Navigating regulatory affairs EVs poses real challenges, obtaining marketing authorization medicines remains complex due lack specific guidelines discusses state-of-the-art knowledge date products, further research needs safe reliable implementation tools settings. Post-marketing pharmacovigilance products is presented, mainly addressing topics risk assessment management.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles: A New Star for Gene Drug Delivery

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер Volume 19, С. 2241 - 2264

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract: Recently, gene therapy has become a subject of considerable research and been widely evaluated in various disease models. Though it is considered as stand-alone agent for COVID-19 vaccination, still suffering from the following drawbacks during its translation bench to bedside: high sensitivity exogenous nucleic acids enzymatic degradation; severe side effects induced either by or components formulation; difficulty cross barriers before reaching therapeutic target. Therefore, successful application therapy, safe reliable transport vector urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are ideal candidate delivery drugs owing their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility toxicity. To better understand properties EVs advantages drug vehicles, this review covers origin methods generation, well common isolation purification research, with pros cons discussed. Meanwhile, engineering also highlighted. In addition, paper presents progress EVs-mediated microRNAs, small interfering RNAs, messenger plasmids, antisense oligonucleotides. We believe will provide theoretical basis development drugs. Keywords: extracellular vesicles, system,

Язык: Английский

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Cell-cell communication characteristics in breast cancer metastasis

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

Abstract Breast cancer, a highly fatal disease due to its tendency metastasize, is the most prevalent form of malignant tumors among women worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that breast cancer exhibits unique predilection for metastasis specific organs including bone, liver, lung, and brain. However, different types of, The understanding heterogeneity metastatic has notably improved with recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques. Focusing on modification microenvironment crosstalk between tumor cells situ cells, noteworthy research points include identification two distinct modes growth bone metastases, influence type II pneumocyte lung paradoxical role Kupffer liver breakthrough blood-brain barrier (BBB) breach brain metastases. Overall, this review provides comprehensive overview characteristics shedding light pivotal roles immune resident development foci. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Proximity-Guaranteed DNA Machine for Accurate Identification of Breast Cancer Extracellular Vesicles

ACS Sensors, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(4), С. 2194 - 2202

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide. Precise diagnosis and subtyping have important significance for targeted therapy prognosis prediction breast cancer. Herein, we design a proximity-guaranteed DNA machine accurate identification extracellular vesicles (EVs), which beneficial to explore subtype features In our design, two proximity probes are located close on same EV through specific recognition coexisting surface biomarkers, thus being ligated with help click chemistry. Then, product initiates operation involving catalytic hairpin assembly clusters regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas12a-mediated trans-cleavage, finally generates significant response that enables EVs expressing both biomarkers. Principle-of-proof studies performed using derived from cell line BT474 as models, confirming high sensitivity specificity machine. When further applied clinical samples, shown be capable not only distinguishing patients special subtypes but also realizing tumor staging regarding disease progression. Therefore, work may provide new insights into subtype-based well more potential therapeutic targets in future.

Язык: Английский

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