Advanced Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
promising
tools
in
diagnostics
and
therapy
for
chronic
diseases,
including
cancer
Alzheimer's.
Small
EVs,
also
called
exosomes,
are
lipid-bound
particles
(≈30-150
nm)
that
play
a
role
healthy
pathophysiological
interactions,
intercellular
communication,
by
transporting
bioactive
molecules,
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
Their
ability
to
cross
biological
barriers,
such
the
blood-brain
barrier,
makes
them
ideal
candidates
targeted
therapeutic
interventions.
In
context
of
exosomes
can
be
engineered
deliver
active
agents,
small
molecules
siRNAs
specific
target
cells,
providing
novel
approach
precision
medicine.
Moreover,
show
great
promise
repositories
diagnostic
biomarkers.
cargo
reflect
physiological
pathological
status
parent
making
valuable
indicators
disease
progression
response
treatment.
This
paper
presents
comprehensive
review
application
four
diseases:
cancer,
cardiovascular
disease,
neurodegenerative
orthopedic
which
significantly
impact
global
public
health
due
their
high
prevalence
associated
morbidity
mortality
rates.
Furthermore,
potential
theranostics
management
is
highlighted.
Finally,
challenges
with
demonstrated
advancing
future
nanomedicine
applications
discussed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(16), С. 8621 - 8621
Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2024
Inflammation
is
activated
by
diverse
triggers
that
induce
the
expression
of
cytokines
and
adhesion
molecules,
which
permit
a
succession
molecules
cells
to
deliver
stimuli
functions
help
immune
system
clear
primary
cause
tissue
damage,
whether
this
an
infection,
tumor,
or
trauma.
During
inflammation,
short-term
changes
in
secretion
strong
mediators
inflammation
occur,
while
long-term
occur
specific
groups
cells.
Long-term
include
cellular
transdifferentiation
for
some
types
need
regenerate
damaged
tissue,
as
well
death
can
be
detrimental
integrity
if
they
remain
active
beyond
boundaries
essential
function.
The
transcriptional
regulator
NFκB
enables
fundamental
gene
during
development.
recurrence
malignant
disease,
cell
stress-induced
alterations
enable
growth
cancer
clones
are
substantially
resistant
therapeutic
intervention
system.
A
number
those
due
significant
defects
feedback
signal
cascades
control
activity
NFκB.
Specifically,
stress
contributes
it
overrides
modules
otherwise
protect
host
tissue.
involved
both
suppression
promotion
cancer,
key
distinctive
feature
determines
its
net
effect
remains
unclear.
This
paper
aims
provide
answer
at
least
one
aspect
question,
namely
mechanism
divergent
response
critical
inflammatory
general.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
cell-derived
with
a
phospholipid
bilayer
measuring
50–150
nm
in
diameter
demonstrated
therapeutic
potentials.
Limitations
such
as
the
natural
biodistribution
(mainly
concentrated
liver
and
spleen)
short
plasma
half-life
of
EVs
present
significant
challenges
to
their
clinical
translation.
In
recent
years,
growing
research
indicated
that
engineered
enhanced
targeting
lesion
sites
have
markedly
promoted
efficacy.
However,
there
is
dearth
systematic
knowledge
on
advances
engineering
for
targeted
delivery.
Herein,
we
provide
an
overview
mechanisms,
techniques,
translations
applications.
Enrichment
at
may
be
achieved
through
recognition
tissue
markers,
pathological
changes,
circumvention
mononuclear
phagocyte
system
(MPS).
Alternatively,
external
stimuli,
including
magnetic
fields
ultrasound,
also
employed.
EV
techniques
fulfill
functions
includes
genetic
engineering,
membrane
fusion,
chemical
modification
physical
modification.
A
comparative
statistical
analysis
was
conducted
elucidate
discrepancies
between
diverse
size,
morphology,
stability,
efficacy
vitro
vivo.
Additionally,
summary
registered
trials
utilizing
from
2010
2023
has
been
provided,
full
discussion
perspectives.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
mechanisms
associated
delivery
applications
advocate
further
explorations
accelerate
European Journal of Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
992, С. 177349 - 177349
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
devastating
event
for
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
often
resulting
in
loss
of
sensory
and
motor
functions.
It
profoundly
affects
both
physiological
psychological
well-being
patients,
reducing
their
quality
life
while
also
imposing
significant
economic
pressure
on
families
healthcare
system.
Due
to
complex
pathophysiology
SCI,
effective
treatments
promoting
recovery
remain
scarce.
Mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
exosomes
(MSC-Exos)
offer
advantages
such
as
low
immunogenicity,
good
biocompatibility,
ability
cross
blood-spinal
barrier
(BSCB).
In
preclinical
studies,
they
have
progressively
shown
efficacy
SCI
repair
functional
recovery.
However,
yield
insufficient
targeting
MSC-Exos
limit
therapeutic
efficacy.
Currently,
genetic
engineering
other
preprocessing
techniques
are
being
employed
optimize
properties
exosomes,
thereby
enhancing
potential.
Therefore,
this
paper
provides
an
overview
biogenesis
exosomes.
summarizes
current
approaches
optimizing
exosome
performance.
Additionally,
it
details
mechanisms
through
which
optimized
provide
neuroprotection
explores
potential
combined
involving
hydrogels.
Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
10(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Diabetic
cardiomyopathy
(DCM),
an
independent
diabetes
complication,
is
characterized
by
abnormalities
in
myocardial
structure,
function,
and
metabolism,
including
diminished
contractility,
hypertrophy,
fibrosis.
Factors
such
as
hyperglycemia,
metabolic
disorders,
microangiopathy,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
insulin
resistance
have
been
found
to
play
important
roles
DCM
pathophysiology.
Recent
research
has
shown
that
miRNAs
are
involved
processes
cell
proliferation,
differentiation,
metastasis,
promote
the
progression
of
DCM.
Despite
these
insights,
regulatory
effects
on
immune
function
remain
inadequately
explored.
This
review
synthesizes
current
advancements
understanding
miRNA-mediated
regulation
We
highlight
need
for
further
elucidate
complex
interactions
between
pathways
DCM,
which
might
reveal
novel
therapeutic
targets
mitigate
this
debilitating
condition.
Targeted
B
cells,
macrophages,
T
cells
through
immune-associated
open
new
avenues
intervention.
Developing
efficient
delivery
systems
miRNA-based
therapies
ensure
targeted
enhance
stability.
Additionally,
combining
existing
hypoglycemic
drugs
with
produce
anti-inflammatory
anti-fibrotic
effects,
thereby
improving
outcomes.
Materials Today Bio,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30, С. 101432 - 101432
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2024
Flap
techniques
are
indispensable
in
modern
surgery
because
of
their
role
repairing
tissue
defects
and
restoring
function.
Ischemia-reperfusion
oxidative
stress-induced
injuries
the
main
causes
flap
failure.
Oxidative
stress
exacerbates
cell
damage
through
accumulation
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
thereby
affecting
function
survival.
Effective
management
these
factors
is
essential
for
improving
survival
post-operative
recovery.
In
this
study,
we
utilized
hollow
mesoporous
cerium
dioxide
nanoparticles
loaded
with
quercetin,
which
were
later
into
a
light-cured
double
cross-linked
hydrogel
(HQu@BC)
injected
site
to
activate
macrophage
reprogramming
maintain
local
ROS
homeostasis
reduce
inflammation.
Quercetin
scavenges
reduces
mitochondrial
due
its
intrinsic
reducing
structures
such
as
catechols,
carbon-carbon
bonds,
hydroxyl
synergistic
nanoparticles,
inhibits
inflammation
by
suppressing
M1
polarization.
This
system
continuously
regulates
levels,
kills
bacteria
ultimately
inflammation,
creating
favorable
microenvironment
innovative
injectable
composite
nanoparticle
material
has
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
antimicrobial,
healing-promoting
properties,
providing
new
approach
success
surgery.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(19)
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024
Abstract
Atherosclerosis
is
the
foremost
vascular
disease,
precipitating
debilitating
complications.
Although
therapeutic
strategies
have
historically
focused
on
reducing
cholesterol
deposition,
recent
insights
emphasize
pivotal
role
of
inflammation.
Innate
inflammation
significantly
contributes
to
plaque
instability
and
rupture,
underscoring
need
for
intervention
across
all
disease
stages.
Numerous
studies
highlighted
potential
targeting
innate
immune
pathways
in
atherosclerosis,
revealing
significant
advancements
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
inflammatory
processes
within
arterial
lesions.
Notably,
research
has
demonstrated
that
modulation
microRNA‐146a
(miR‐146a)
expression
impacts
inflammation,
effectively
halts
atherosclerosis
progression,
enhances
stability
by
interleukin‐1
receptor‐associated
kinase
(IRAK)
activating
TNF
factor
6
(TRAF6),
a
signalling
pathway
involving
toll‐like
receptors
(TLRs).
Understanding
intricate
involved
crucial.
This
study
provides
comprehensive
analysis
evidence
through
which
miR‐146a
exerts
its
effects.
Integrating
these
findings
into
clinical
practice
may
herald
transformative
era
managing
atherosclerotic
cardiovascular
disease.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(13), С. 5336 - 5370
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Ischemic
heart
disease
(IHD)
is
increasingly
recognized
as
a
significant
cardiovascular
with
growing
global
incidence.
Interventions
targeting
the
oxidative
microenvironment
have
long
been
pivotal
in
therapeutic
strategies.
However,
many
antioxidant
drugs
face
limitations
due
to
pharmacokinetic
and
delivery
challenges,
such
short
half-life,
poor
stability,
low
bioavailability,
side
effects.
Fortunately,
nanotherapies
exhibit
considerable
potential
addressing
IHD.
Nanomedicines
offer
advantages
passive/active
targeting,
prolonged
circulation
time,
enhanced
diverse
carrier
options.
This
comprehensive
review
explores
advancements
nanomedicines
for
mitigating
IHD
through
stress
regulation,
providing
an
extensive
overview
researchers
field
of
nanomedicines.
By
inspiring
further
research,
this
study
aims
accelerate
development
novel
therapies
myocardial
injury.
