The clouded debate: A systematic review of comparative longitudinal studies examining the impact of recreational cannabis legalization on key public health outcomes

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Ineffective cannabis regulatory frameworks such as prohibition have sparked interest in alternative solutions to reduce individual and societal harms. While it has been suggested that the recreational legalization process yielded early successes, relatively recent implementation of novel policies provided a modest time frame for truly thorough establishment assessment key population-level indicators. The following systematic review focuses on identifying downstream public health sequelae policies, including parameters consumption rates, hospitalization vehicular accidents fatalities, criminal activity, suicidal behaviors, well other substance use trends.

Язык: Английский

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Cannabis for medical use versus opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials

BMJ Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1), С. e068182 - e068182

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative benefits and harms opioids cannabis for medical use chronic non-cancer pain.

Язык: Английский

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An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products

Molecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(6), С. 2791 - 2791

Опубликована: Март 20, 2023

Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. The oral consumption of cannabis transports much less hazardous chemicals than smoking. Nevertheless, the response to is biphasically dose-dependent (hormesis; low-dose stimulation high-dose inhibition) wide individuality responses. Thus, exact same dose preparation may be beneficial for some but toxic others. purpose this review highlight concept individual variations cannabinoids, which leads challenge establishing standard safe doses products general population. mechanisms actions, acute chronic toxicities, factors affecting responses updated. Based on literature review, we found that depends exposure (delivery route, duration, frequency, interactions food drugs), (age, sex), susceptibility (genetic polymorphisms cannabinoid receptor gene, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzymes, THC-metabolizing epigenetic regulations). Owing responses, safest way use cannabis-containing start low, go slow, stay low.

Язык: Английский

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Cannabinoids as a Potential Alternative to Opioids in the Management of Various Pain Subtypes: Benefits, Limitations, and Risks

Pain and Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2), С. 355 - 375

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Pain is a global phenomenon encompassing many subtypes that include neuropathic, musculoskeletal, acute postoperative, cancer, and geriatric pain. Traditionally, opioids have been mainstay pharmacological agent for managing types of However, subject controversy with increased addiction, fatality rates, cost burden on the US healthcare system. Cannabinoids emerged as potentially favorable alternative or adjunctive treatment various chronic This narrative review seeks to describe efficacy, risks, benefits cannabinoids an adjunct even potential replacement in In June 2022, we performed comprehensive search across multiple databases English-language studies related use pain: neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal postoperative cancer Data from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized control trials (RCTs) were prioritized reporting. We sought focus our reported analysis more recent literature well older relevant particularly notable findings. There conflicting evidence management While shown efficacy treating specific pain such fibromyalgia they do not show clear benefit majority syndromes. trends towards having positive effect but results are conclusive. To date, there paucity data comparing directly relief. Overall, side effects appear be relatively mild. still altered brain development, psychiatric comorbidities, drug–drug interactions. may effective current guidelines yet support its first-line any type Rather, it considered good patients who failed typical conservative measures. Additional needed standardized forms cannabinoids, route delivery, dosing greater-powered analysis. Providers must weigh individualized patient benefits, concurrent medication list order determine whether appropriate patient's plan.

Язык: Английский

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Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Selected Mental Illnesses: Practical Approach and Overview of the Literature

Pharmacopsychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 57(03), С. 104 - 114

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Although an increasing number of patients suffering from mental illnesses self-medicate with cannabis, current knowledge about the efficacy and safety cannabis-based medicine in psychiatry is still extremely limited. So far, no finished product has been approved for treatment a illness. There evidence that cannabinoids may improve symptoms autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Tourette syndrome (TS), anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress (PTSD). According to surveys, often use mood, sleep, attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD). suggesting tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) THC-containing cannabis extracts, such as nabiximols, can be used substitutes disorder. Preliminary also suggests involvement endocannabinoid system (ECS) pathophysiology TS, ADHD, PTSD. Since ECS most important neuromodulatory brain, it possibly induces beneficial effects by alterations other neurotransmitter systems. Finally, management system. Thus, reducing stress. Practically, psychiatric disorders does not differ indications. The starting dose products should low (1–2.5 mg THC/day), up-titrated slowly (by 1–2.5 every 3–5 days). average daily 10–20 THC. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD) mainly high doses>400 mg/day.

Язык: Английский

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Cannabis use to manage opioid cravings among people who use unregulated opioids during a drug toxicity crisis

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 119, С. 104113 - 104113

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The experiences of endometriosis patients with diagnosis and treatment in New Zealand

Frontiers in Global Women s Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2022

Endometriosis is a chronically painful, invasive, inflammatory disease, with limited treatment options and long delays to diagnosis, which impacts 10% of females in New Zealand.As part larger group discussion study, this paper covers three themes associated endometriosis patient experiences: intensity pain, diagnostic tool shortcomings perspectives options.The goal research was the inclusion voices guide priorities. In early 2022, 50 Zealand patients participated anonymous, asynchronous, text-based discussions on VisionsLive platform. The ranged age from 18-48. answered questions, 23 27 quantitative, then took online discussions.The average symptom onset 15.3 years, while delay working or surgically confirmed diagnosis 7.91 years. top five reported symptoms within cohort were pain-based, participants discussed many pain their work education. four main tools employed abdominal ultrasound (72%), transvaginal (68%), laparoscopy (82%) sharing history medical practitioner (88%). most common emotions experienced following receiving relief (86%), feeling overwhelmed (54%), anger (32%). treatments offered (96%), laparoscopic surgery (84%) combined oral contraceptive pill (80%). Of these treatments, only viewed positively by majority users, 67% considering an effective treatment, compared 46% users for relief, 25% pill.Gathering voice revealed that dismissal practitioners frequently manifests as reaction once diagnosed. Results also showed such hormonal medications often considered ineffective, but routinely first, only, patients. It therefore important both quicker routes more be developed.

Язык: Английский

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Arkansas Medical Marijuana Certifications: Higher-Volume Physicians Associated With Less Evidence Of Care Coordination

Health Affairs, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 44(3), С. 351 - 360

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Patients' access to medical marijuana has dramatically increased despite the lack of Food and Drug Administration approval. In this study, we profiled individuals conditions for which they were certified marijuana, examined evidence coordination with their physicians providing traditional care. Within two years initiation, was approved 3.4 percent Arkansans ages eighteen older by 12.5 who had an active license in state. Posttraumatic stress disorder four pain diagnoses most frequent qualifying conditions. We observed care among low-volume certifying physicians, a majority having both seen diagnosed adult Conversely, seven high-volume each more than 1,000 certifications, demonstrated limited contact those certified. The Department Health Human Services recommended that be changed from Schedule I III Controlled Substances Act, Justice submitted notice proposed rulemaking effect change. Implications include need continue research develop clinical guidelines, notify routine providers potential incorporation certifications into health information exchanges, consider screening use settings.

Язык: Английский

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Conceptualizing ‘cannabis harm reduction’: lessons learned from cannabis compassion clubs and medical dispensaries in British Columbia (Canada)

Harm Reduction Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025

Drawing on a qualitative case study of cannabis compassion clubs and medical dispensaries in British Columbia (Canada), the main goal this paper is to generate insights that have potential advance broaden conceptualization 'cannabis harm reduction'. We undertook by drawing seven data sources: (1) online content, (2) news stories, (3) legal documents, (4) policy (5) information about enforcement, (6) interviews with (i) key informants, (ii) participants operational experience (i.e., people engaged active operations clubs/dispensaries various roles), (iii) lived medicating cannabis, finally (7) field notes. For paper, we applied reduction lens participant interview data. Applying allowed us identify two conceptual dimensions: structural operational. The dimension focused work undertaken address risk environment created systems, laws, policies. themes identified here were access, safety, quality. characteristics services provided dispensaries. low-threshold, compassion, supports. Our findings suggest these dimensions worked together conditions conducive Based our findings, research, policy, advocacy implications. argue research should focus loss regulation, broader substitution, better integration between reduction. also highlight need for analysis Cannabis Act, new community-oriented models meet needs who medicate non-profit supply pathways. Finally, structurally-oriented needed achieve cultivation, distribution, consumption would benefit more broadly.

Язык: Английский

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The Anticonvulsant Effects of Different Cannabis Extracts in a Zebrafish Model of Epilepsy

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 654 - 654

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Epilepsy is a widespread neurological disorder that remains critical global public health challenge. While numerous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available, many patients either fail to achieve adequate seizure control or experience significant side effects. One promising alternative pure cannabidiol (CBD), but using whole cannabis extract may be equally effective and preferred for some patients. In the current study, we employed pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced hyperactivity model in zebrafish compare effects of CBD with various extracts. We evaluated three strains, each subjected different extraction methods, benchmarked results against commercially available AED valproic acid (VPA). Our findings revealed 5.7 µg/mL 10 extracts significantly reduced movement compared PTZ VPA. addition, produced similar despite containing much lower molecule levels. These reinforced expanded previous evidence supporting clinical potential both while suggesting possible entourage effect. Further research necessary determine which benefit more from versus those who might prefer

Язык: Английский

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