Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2025

Abstract Macrophages are immune cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. They play crucial roles in defense, surveillance, and homeostasis. This review systematically discusses types of hematopoietic progenitors that give rise macrophages, including primitive progenitors, erythro-myeloid stem cells. These have distinct genetic backgrounds developmental processes. Accordingly, macrophages exhibit complex diverse functions body, phagocytosis clearance cellular debris, antigen presentation, response, regulation inflammation cytokine production, tissue remodeling repair, multi-level regulatory signaling pathways/crosstalk involved homeostasis physiology. Besides, tumor-associated a key component TME, exhibiting both anti-tumor pro-tumor properties. Furthermore, functional status is closely linked development various diseases, cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative metabolic conditions, trauma. Targeting has emerged as promising therapeutic strategy these contexts. Clinical trials macrophage-based targeted drugs, immunotherapies, nanoparticle-based therapy were comprehensively summarized. Potential challenges future directions targeting also been discussed. Overall, our highlights significance this versatile cell human health which expected inform research clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(17), С. 9588 - 9588

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of disease not fully elucidated. In recent years, there has a growing interest in studying neuroinflammation context glial cell involvement as is increasing evidence their central role progression. Although communication proper function underlies brain homeostasis maintenance, effects an MS remain complex controversial. this review, we aim to provide overview contribution cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia pathology during both activation orchestration inflammatory mechanisms, well synergistic repair restoration function. Additionally, discuss how understanding may new therapeutic targets either limit progression or facilitate repair.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Metastasis

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 413 - 432

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Secreted IgM deficiency alters the retinal landscape enhancing neurodegeneration associated with aging

Immunity & Ageing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Maintenance of the retina, part central nervous system, and other structures in eye is critical for vision preservation. Aging increases prevalence impairment, including glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy. The retina primarily maintained by glial cells; however, recent literature suggests that lymphocytes may play a role homeostasis system tissues. Natural antibodies are produced B cells without infection or immunization maintain tissue homeostasis. Here, we explored potential natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) maintaining retinal health during aging mice. Our results indicate vitreous humor both mice humans contains IgM IgG, suggesting these immunoglobulins ocular function. Furthermore, observed aged lacking secreted (µs-/-) exhibited pronounced accompanied reactive gliosis, proinflammatory cytokine environment. This contrasts with wild-type counterparts, which retain their ability to secrete better structure anti-inflammatory In addition findings, absence was associated significant alterations pigment epithelium, disruptions its morphology signs increased stress. further changes blood-retinal-barrier, regulation These data suggest previously unrecognized association between lack microenvironment, leading enhanced degeneration aging. Although precise mechanism remains unclear, findings highlight importance processes support over time. By increasing our understanding aging, show there broader immune function integrity advanced age, opening new areas exploration immune-related interventions age-associated conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Central nervous system and immune cells interactions in cancer: unveiling new therapeutic avenues

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite significant advancements in cancer research, our understanding its complex developmental pathways inadequate. Recent research has clarified the intricate relationship between central nervous system (CNS) and cancer, particularly how CNS influences tumor growth metastasis via regulating immune cell activity. The interactions cells regulate microenvironment various signaling pathways, cytokines, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, while also incorporating processes that alter immunological landscape. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies targeting neuro-immune interactions, such as checkpoint inhibitors, alongside advanced technologies like brain-computer interfaces nanodelivery systems, exhibit promise improving treatment efficacy. This bidirectional regulatory network significantly affects development, metastasis, patient status, therapy responses. Therefore, mechanisms CNS-immune is crucial for developing innovative strategies. work consolidates evaluates their potential strategies, provides insights future approaches.

Язык: Английский

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The research progress on meningeal metastasis in solid tumors

Discover Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Meningeal metastasis (MM), particularly Leptomeningeal metastases (LM), represents the advanced stage of solid tumors and poses a significant threat to patients' lives. Moreover, it imposes substantial burden on society. LM ultimate most fatal tumors, inflicting devastating consequences patients imposing The incidence continues rise annually, emphasizing urgent need for early recognition treatment initiation in individuals with significantly extend overall patient survival. Despite rapid advancements current detection methods, diagnosis remains constrained by several limitations such as low diagnostic efficiency, therapeutic outcomes remain suboptimal. Furthermore, there is currently no universally recognized industry standard treatment, further underscoring its status an unresolved challenge tumor management. Additionally, progress towards elucidating mechanisms underlying MM has stagnated. Therefore, this review aims comprehensively summarize recent research advances pertaining mechanisms, exploring prognostic biomarkers while addressing existing challenges.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Choroid Plexus in Hydrocephalus from the Perspective of Structure and Function: a Therapeutic Target

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Peripheral and central inflammation in depression: How large is the gap and can we bridge it with PET neuroimaging and neural-derived extracellular vesicles?

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 578587 - 578587

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Emerging Insights into Brain Inflammation: Stem-Cell-Based Approaches for Regenerative Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(7), С. 3275 - 3275

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Neuroinflammation is a complex immune response triggered by brain injury or pathological stimuli, and highly exacerbated in neurodegenerative diseases. It plays dual role the central nervous system, promoting repair acute stages while aggravating disease progression contributing to neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, glial dysregulation chronic phases. Inflammatory responses are mainly orchestrated microglia infiltrated monocytes, which, when dysregulated, not only harm existing neurons, but also impair survival differentiation of neural stem progenitor cells affected regions. Modulating neuroinflammation crucial for harnessing its protective functions minimizing detrimental effects. Current therapeutic strategies focus on fine-tuning inflammatory through pharmacological agents, bioactive molecules, cell-based therapies. These approaches aim restore homeostasis, support neuroprotection, promote regeneration various neurological disorders. However, animal models sometimes fail reproduce human-specific brain. In this context, stem-cell-derived provide powerful tool study neuroinflammatory mechanisms patient-specific physiologically relevant context. facilitate high-throughput screening, personalized medicine, development targeted therapies addressing limitations traditional models, paving way more effective treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Enteroviruses Activate Cellular Innate Immune Responses Prior to Adaptive Immunity and Tropism Contributes to Severe Viral Pathogenesis

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 870 - 870

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Numerous innate immune mechanisms have been shown to be activated during viral infections, including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) functioning outside and inside the cell along with other sensors promoting production of interferon cytokines. Innate cells, NK NKT γδ T dendritic macrophages, even neutrophils, respond infections. Several humoral responses infections also identified. Adaptive immunity includes common cell-mediated (CMI) responses. Th1, Th2, Tfh CD4+ help activate cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) promote class switching antiviral antibodies. Enteroviruses were induce tropism virus that was mediated through attachment proteins (VAPs) cellular directly related risk severe disease in a primary infection. include immunity, its delay underscores importance vaccination ameliorating or preventing pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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