Ecological Processes,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(1)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2021
Abstract
Background
Baseline
levels
of
tree
mortality
can,
over
time,
contribute
to
high
snag
densities
and
deadwood
(down
woody
debris)
if
fire
is
infrequent
decomposition
slow.
Deadwood
can
be
important
for
recruitment,
it
plays
a
major
role
in
terrestrial
carbon
cycling,
but
rarely
examined
spatially
explicit
context.
Methods
Between
2011
2019,
we
annually
tracked
all
trees
snags
≥1
cm
diameter
mapped
pieces
≥10
m
length
25.6
ha
Tsuga
heterophylla
/
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
forest.
We
analyzed
the
amount,
biomass,
spatial
distribution
deadwood,
assessed
how
various
causes
that
contributed
uniquely
creation.
Results
Compared
aboveground
live
biomass
481
Mg
−1
(from
diameter),
was
74
109
boles
diameter).
Biomass
from
large-diameter
(≥60
cm)
accounted
85%,
88%,
58%,
trees,
snags,
respectively.
Total
dead
668
.
The
annual
production
downed
wood
(≥10
diameter)
averaged
4
yr
Woody
debris
heterogeneous,
varying
more
than
two
orders
magnitude
587
at
scale
20
×
quadrats.
Almost
creation
varied
importance
between
small-diameter
trees.
standing
stems
had
weak
inverse
distributions,
reflecting
long
period
time
required
reach
large
diameters
following
antecedent
mortalities
centennial
decomposition.
Conclusion
Old-growth
forests
contain
stores
living
as
well
pools
are
stable
after
death.
Ignoring
(or
carbon)
lead
substantial
underestimations
sequestration
stability.
Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
377(6613), С. 1440 - 1444
Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022
Deadwood
is
a
large
global
carbon
store
with
its
size
partially
determined
by
biotic
decay.
Microbial
wood
decay
rates
are
known
to
respond
changing
temperature
and
precipitation.
Termites
also
important
decomposers
in
the
tropics
but
less
well
studied.
An
understanding
of
their
climate
sensitivities
needed
estimate
change
effects
on
pools.
Using
data
from
133
sites
spanning
six
continents,
we
found
that
termite
discovery
consumption
were
highly
sensitive
(with
increasing
>6.8
times
per
10°C
increase
temperature)-even
more
so
than
microbes.
Termite
greatest
tropical
seasonal
forests,
savannas,
subtropical
deserts.
With
tropicalization
(i.e.,
warming
shifts
climates),
will
likely
as
termites
access
Earth's
surface.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024
Abstract
Droughts
or
floods
are
usually
attributed
to
precipitation
deficits
surpluses,
both
of
which
may
become
more
frequent
and
severe
under
continued
global
warming.
Concurring
large-scale
droughts
in
the
Southwest
flooding
Southeast
China
recent
decades
have
attracted
considerable
attention,
but
their
causes
interrelations
not
well
understood.
Here,
we
examine
spatiotemporal
changes
hydrometeorological
variables
investigate
mechanism
underlying
contrasting
soil
dryness/wetness
patterns
over
a
54-year
period
(1965–2018)
across
representative
mega-watershed
South
China—the
West
River
Basin.
We
demonstrate
that
increasing
rainfall
intensity
leads
drying
upstream
with
decreases
water
storage,
yield,
baseflow,
versus
increases
therein
downstream.
Our
study
highlights
simultaneous
occurrence
increased
drought
risks
due
interactions
between
intensification
topography
river
basin,
implying
increasingly
vulnerable
food
security
climate
change.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
231(6), С. 2142 - 2149
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2021
Summary
Soil
invertebrates
make
significant
contributions
to
the
recycling
of
dead
plant
material
across
globe.
However,
studies
focussed
on
consequences
decomposition
for
communities
largely
ignore
soil
fauna
all
ecosystems,
because
microbes
are
often
considered
primary
agents
decay.
Here,
we
explore
role
as
not
simply
facilitators
microbial
decomposition,
but
true
decomposers,
able
break
down
organic
matter
with
their
own
endogenic
enzymes,
direct
and
indirect
impacts
environment
plants.
We
recommend
a
holistic
view
highlighting
how
act
in
synergy
degrade
matter,
providing
ecological
services
that
underpin
growth
survival.
Forests,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(2), С. 283 - 283
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023
In
recent
years,
the
use
of
wood
has
gained
social
interest,
leading
to
a
global
increase
in
its
demand.
Yet,
this
demand
is
often
covered
by
production
woods
low
natural
durability
against
biological
deterioration.
The
main
agents
with
potential
attack
structural
integrity
are
wood-decay
fungi,
saproxylic
beetles,
termites,
and
marine
molluscs
crustaceans.
most
circumstances,
fungi
wood-deteriorating
agents.
To
cell
wall,
combine
complex
enzymatic
mechanism
non-enzymatic
mechanisms
based
on
low-molecular-weight
compounds.
some
cases,
larvae
beetles
can
also
digest
components,
causing
serious
deterioration
wooden
structures.
impact
subterranean
termites
Europe
concentrated
Southern
countries,
important
economic
losses.
However,
alien
invasive
species
voracious
expanding
their
presence
Europe.
Wooden
elements
permanent
contact
water
be
readily
deteriorated
mollusc
crustacean
borers,
for
which
current
preservatives
lack
efficacy.
defined
as
inherent
resistance
catastrophic
action
wood-destroying
organisms.
Besides
exposure
climate,
product
design
conditions,
key
prediction
service
life
products,
shortened
due
change.
major
properties
involved
related
composition
lignin
anatomy
xylem,
nutrient
availability,
amount
heartwood
extractives,
moisture-regulating
components
since
moisture
content
influences
establishment
wood-degrading
Environmental Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
18(2), С. 024022 - 024022
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023
Abstract
Despite
the
importance
of
carbon
dioxide
removal
(CDR)
in
most
climate
change
mitigation
scenarios
that
limit
warming
to
well
below
2
°C,
study
CDR
is
still
a
nascent
field
with
basic
questions
be
resolved.
Crucially,
it
not
known
how
much
currently
deployed
at
global
scale,
nor
compares
scenario
estimates.
Here,
we
address
this
problem
by
developing
an
estimate
current
activity.
We
draw
on
national
greenhouse
gas
inventory
data
combined
registries
and
commercial
databases
anthropogenic
activity
presently
generates
∼1985
MtCO
yr
−1
atmospheric
removals.
Almost
all
these—1983
—are
removals
from
land-use,
land-use
forestry.
Non-land-management
projects
such
as
bioenergy
capture
storage,
direct
air
storage
biochar
remove
only
about
.
compare
Shared
Socioeconomic
Pathways
projections
‘well-below
2°C’
pathways.
In
so
doing
demonstrate
deployment
would
need
grow
exponentially
keep
world
aligned
scenarios,
which
see
growing
between
75%
100%
per
year
2020
2030,
adding
∼300–2500
total
capacity.
To
conclude
discuss
uncertainties
related
our
estimates,
suggest
priorities
for
future
collection
management
data,
particularly
role
land
sink
generating
CDR.
Functional Ecology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
38(3), С. 546 - 559
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024
Abstract
Models
estimating
decomposition
rates
of
dead
wood
across
space
and
time
are
mainly
based
on
studies
carried
out
in
temperate
zones
where
microbes
dominant
drivers
decomposition.
However,
most
biomass
is
found
tropical
ecosystems,
termites
also
important
consumers.
Given
the
dependence
microbial
moisture
with
termite
thought
to
be
more
resilient
dry
conditions,
relative
importance
these
agents
expected
shift
along
gradients
precipitation
that
affect
moisture.
Here,
we
investigated
roles
space,
a
simulated
drought
experiment
Australia.
We
deployed
mesh
bags
non‐native
pine
blocks,
allowing
access
half
bags.
Bags
were
collected
every
6
months
(end
wet
seasons)
over
4‐year
period
five
sites
rainfall
gradient
(ranging
from
savanna
sclerophyll
rainforest)
within
at
wettest
site.
proceed
faster
conditions
greater
influence
conditions.
Consistent
expectations,
microbial‐mediated
was
slowest
sites,
seasons
Wood
blocks
discovered
by
decomposed
16–36%
than
undiscovered
regardless
levels.
Concurrently,
10
times
likely
discover
compared
rainforest
compensating
for
slow
savannas.
For
termites,
seasonality
did
not
significantly
rates.
Taken
together,
spatial
seasonal
variation
shaping
as
driven
microbes,
although
different
do
equally
impact
agents.
As
better
understand
how
climate
change
will
regimes
tropics,
our
results
can
improve
predictions
potential
altering
carbon
fluxes.
Read
free
Plain
Language
Summary
this
article
Journal
blog.
PLOS Climate,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
4(1), С. e0000444 - e0000444
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
Increased
frequency
and
intensity
of
storms,
sea
level
rise,
warming
temperatures
are
affecting
forests
along
the
eastern
coast
United
States.
However,
we
lack
a
clear
understanding
how
structure
coastal
is
being
altered
by
climate
change
drivers.
Here,
used
data
from
Forest
Inventory
Analyses
program
US
Service
to
examine
biomass
in
mid-Atlantic,
Southeastern,
Gulf
coasts
US.
We
selected
plots
that
have
been
resampled
at
low
(5
m)
mid
(30–50
elevations
areas
states
Texas
New
Jersey,
allowing
us
determine
live
trees,
standing
dead
wood,
downed
wood
(and
carbon)
stocks
across
decade
county
level.
area
increased
1.9%
0.3%
elevation
counties,
respectively.
Live
tree
density
13%
16%
Standing
decreased
9.2%
2.8%
Downed
22%
counties
50%
counties.
Annualized
growth
harvest
were
both
higher
(16%
58%
respectively)
than
while
annualized
mortality
was
25%
negatively
correlated
rise
rates,
positively
number
illustrating
tradeoffs
associated
with
different
Overall,
our
results
illustrate
vulnerability
indications
complexity
rate
ecosystem
functions
(growth,
mortality,
carbon
storage)
within
greater
social
environment
(agricultural
abandonment)
may
increase.
Abstract
Background
Forests
are
an
important
component
of
the
global
carbon
(C)
cycle
and
can
be
net
sources
or
sinks
CO
2
,
thus
mitigating
exacerbating
effects
anthropogenic
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
While
forest
productivity
is
often
inferred
from
national-scale
yield
tables
satellite
products,
C
emissions
resulting
dead
organic
matter
decay
usually
simulated,
therefore
it
to
ensure
accuracy
reliability
a
model
used
simulate
at
appropriate
scale.
National
Forest
Inventories
(NFIs)
provide
record
pools
in
ecosystem
components,
these
measurements
essential
for
evaluating
rates
controls
dynamics
ecosystems.
In
this
study
we
combine
observations
Swiss
NFIs
machine
learning
techniques
quantify
standing
snags
downed
logs
identify
main
wood
decay.
Results
We
found
that
rate
was
affected
by
tree
species,
temperature,
precipitation.
Dead
originating
Fagus
sylvatica
decayed
fastest,
with
residence
times
ranging
27
54
years
warmest
coldest
sites,
respectively.
Hardwoods
wetter
sites
tended
decompose
faster
compared
hardwoods
drier
45–92
62–95
softwood
species
had
longest
58
191
78
286
sites.
Conclusions
This
illustrates
how
long-term
collected
remeasured
during
several
NFI
campaigns
estimate
parameters,
as
well
gain
understanding
about
dynamics.
The
parameters
quantified
budget
models
wood,
however
more
(e.g.
soil
same
plots)
needed
what
fraction
converted
incorporated
into
soil.