The contribution of insects to global forest deadwood decomposition

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 597(7874), С. 77 - 81

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Siberian carbon sink reduced by forest disturbances

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 56 - 62

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6613), С. 1440 - 1444

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond changing temperature and precipitation. Termites also important decomposers in the tropics but less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities needed estimate change effects on pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite discovery consumption were highly sensitive (with increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite greatest tropical seasonal forests, savannas, subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts climates), will likely as termites access Earth's surface.

Язык: Английский

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Rising rainfall intensity induces spatially divergent hydrological changes within a large river basin

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024

Abstract Droughts or floods are usually attributed to precipitation deficits surpluses, both of which may become more frequent and severe under continued global warming. Concurring large-scale droughts in the Southwest flooding Southeast China recent decades have attracted considerable attention, but their causes interrelations not well understood. Here, we examine spatiotemporal changes hydrometeorological variables investigate mechanism underlying contrasting soil dryness/wetness patterns over a 54-year period (1965–2018) across representative mega-watershed South China—the West River Basin. We demonstrate that increasing rainfall intensity leads drying upstream with decreases water storage, yield, baseflow, versus increases therein downstream. Our study highlights simultaneous occurrence increased drought risks due interactions between intensification topography river basin, implying increasingly vulnerable food security climate change.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of invertebrate decomposers on plants and soil

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 231(6), С. 2142 - 2149

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2021

Summary Soil invertebrates make significant contributions to the recycling of dead plant material across globe. However, studies focussed on consequences decomposition for communities largely ignore soil fauna all ecosystems, because microbes are often considered primary agents decay. Here, we explore role as not simply facilitators microbial decomposition, but true decomposers, able break down organic matter with their own endogenic enzymes, direct and indirect impacts environment plants. We recommend a holistic view highlighting how act in synergy degrade matter, providing ecological services that underpin growth survival.

Язык: Английский

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Biological Deterioration and Natural Durability of Wood in Europe

Forests, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(2), С. 283 - 283

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

In recent years, the use of wood has gained social interest, leading to a global increase in its demand. Yet, this demand is often covered by production woods low natural durability against biological deterioration. The main agents with potential attack structural integrity are wood-decay fungi, saproxylic beetles, termites, and marine molluscs crustaceans. most circumstances, fungi wood-deteriorating agents. To cell wall, combine complex enzymatic mechanism non-enzymatic mechanisms based on low-molecular-weight compounds. some cases, larvae beetles can also digest components, causing serious deterioration wooden structures. impact subterranean termites Europe concentrated Southern countries, important economic losses. However, alien invasive species voracious expanding their presence Europe. Wooden elements permanent contact water be readily deteriorated mollusc crustacean borers, for which current preservatives lack efficacy. defined as inherent resistance catastrophic action wood-destroying organisms. Besides exposure climate, product design conditions, key prediction service life products, shortened due change. major properties involved related composition lignin anatomy xylem, nutrient availability, amount heartwood extractives, moisture-regulating components since moisture content influences establishment wood-degrading

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying global carbon dioxide removal deployment

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(2), С. 024022 - 024022

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2023

Abstract Despite the importance of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in most climate change mitigation scenarios that limit warming to well below 2 °C, study CDR is still a nascent field with basic questions be resolved. Crucially, it not known how much currently deployed at global scale, nor compares scenario estimates. Here, we address this problem by developing an estimate current activity. We draw on national greenhouse gas inventory data combined registries and commercial databases anthropogenic activity presently generates ∼1985 MtCO yr −1 atmospheric removals. Almost all these—1983 —are removals from land-use, land-use forestry. Non-land-management projects such as bioenergy capture storage, direct air storage biochar remove only about . compare Shared Socioeconomic Pathways projections ‘well-below 2°C’ pathways. In so doing demonstrate deployment would need grow exponentially keep world aligned scenarios, which see growing between 75% 100% per year 2020 2030, adding ∼300–2500 total capacity. To conclude discuss uncertainties related our estimates, suggest priorities for future collection management data, particularly role land sink generating CDR.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers of wood decay in tropical ecosystems: Termites versus microbes along spatial, temporal and experimental precipitation gradients

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(3), С. 546 - 559

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Abstract Models estimating decomposition rates of dead wood across space and time are mainly based on studies carried out in temperate zones where microbes dominant drivers decomposition. However, most biomass is found tropical ecosystems, termites also important consumers. Given the dependence microbial moisture with termite thought to be more resilient dry conditions, relative importance these agents expected shift along gradients precipitation that affect moisture. Here, we investigated roles space, a simulated drought experiment Australia. We deployed mesh bags non‐native pine blocks, allowing access half bags. Bags were collected every 6 months (end wet seasons) over 4‐year period five sites rainfall gradient (ranging from savanna sclerophyll rainforest) within at wettest site. proceed faster conditions greater influence conditions. Consistent expectations, microbial‐mediated was slowest sites, seasons Wood blocks discovered by decomposed 16–36% than undiscovered regardless levels. Concurrently, 10 times likely discover compared rainforest compensating for slow savannas. For termites, seasonality did not significantly rates. Taken together, spatial seasonal variation shaping as driven microbes, although different do equally impact agents. As better understand how climate change will regimes tropics, our results can improve predictions potential altering carbon fluxes. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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Coastal carbon sentinels: A decade of forest change along the eastern shore of the US signals complex climate change dynamics

PLOS Climate, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1), С. e0000444 - e0000444

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Increased frequency and intensity of storms, sea level rise, warming temperatures are affecting forests along the eastern coast United States. However, we lack a clear understanding how structure coastal is being altered by climate change drivers. Here, used data from Forest Inventory Analyses program US Service to examine biomass in mid-Atlantic, Southeastern, Gulf coasts US. We selected plots that have been resampled at low (5 m) mid (30–50 elevations areas states Texas New Jersey, allowing us determine live trees, standing dead wood, downed wood (and carbon) stocks across decade county level. area increased 1.9% 0.3% elevation counties, respectively. Live tree density 13% 16% Standing decreased 9.2% 2.8% Downed 22% counties 50% counties. Annualized growth harvest were both higher (16% 58% respectively) than while annualized mortality was 25% negatively correlated rise rates, positively number illustrating tradeoffs associated with different Overall, our results illustrate vulnerability indications complexity rate ecosystem functions (growth, mortality, carbon storage) within greater social environment (agricultural abandonment) may increase.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of dead wood decay in Swiss forests

Forest Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2020

Abstract Background Forests are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle and can be net sources or sinks CO 2 , thus mitigating exacerbating effects anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. While forest productivity is often inferred from national-scale yield tables satellite products, C emissions resulting dead organic matter decay usually simulated, therefore it to ensure accuracy reliability a model used simulate at appropriate scale. National Forest Inventories (NFIs) provide record pools in ecosystem components, these measurements essential for evaluating rates controls dynamics ecosystems. In this study we combine observations Swiss NFIs machine learning techniques quantify standing snags downed logs identify main wood decay. Results We found that rate was affected by tree species, temperature, precipitation. Dead originating Fagus sylvatica decayed fastest, with residence times ranging 27 54 years warmest coldest sites, respectively. Hardwoods wetter sites tended decompose faster compared hardwoods drier 45–92 62–95 softwood species had longest 58 191 78 286 sites. Conclusions This illustrates how long-term collected remeasured during several NFI campaigns estimate parameters, as well gain understanding about dynamics. The parameters quantified budget models wood, however more (e.g. soil same plots) needed what fraction converted incorporated into soil.

Язык: Английский

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