Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024
Язык: Английский
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Macrophages
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(4), С. 1670 - 1670
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025
A
growing
body
of
evidence
indicates
that
nonglycemic
effects
sodium-glucose
cotransporter
2
(SGLT2)
inhibitors
play
an
important
role
in
the
protective
these
drugs
diabetes,
chronic
kidney
disease,
and
heart
failure.
In
recent
years,
anti-inflammatory
potential
SGLT2
has
been
actively
studied.
This
review
summarizes
results
clinical
experimental
studies
on
activity
inhibitors,
with
a
special
focus
their
macrophages,
key
drivers
metabolic
inflammation.
patients
type
therapy
reduces
levels
inflammatory
mediators.
diabetic
non-diabetic
animal
models,
control
low-grade
inflammation
by
suppressing
activation
tissue
recruitment
monocytes
from
bloodstream,
macrophage
polarization
towards
M1
phenotype.
The
molecular
mechanisms
macrophages
include
attenuation
inflammasome
inhibition
TLR4/NF-κB
pathway,
as
well
modulation
other
signaling
pathways
(AMPK,
PI3K/Akt,
ERK
1/2-MAPK,
JAKs/STAT).
discusses
state-of-the-art
concepts
prospects
further
investigations
are
needed
to
obtain
deeper
insight
into
underlying
molecular,
cellular,
physiological
levels.
Язык: Английский
Unveiling the mTOR pathway modulation by SGLT2 inhibitors: a novel approach to Alzheimer’s disease in type 2 diabetes
Metabolic Brain Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
40(3)
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025
Язык: Английский
Unveiling the benefits of Vitamin D3 with SGLT-2 inhibitors for hypertensive obese obstructive sleep apnea patients
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Март 7, 2025
Abstract
Background
Obstructive
sleep
apnea
(OSA)
is
associated
with
poorer
quality
of
life
(QoL)
and
increased
cardiovascular
risks,
which
may
be
exacerbated
by
hypovitaminosis
D.
Sodium
glucose
transporter-2
inhibitor
(SGLT2i)
provides
benefits
beyond
glycemic
control.
As
vitamin
D3
SGLT2i
act
through
different
pathways
similar
mechanisms
in
improving
cardio-metabolic
health,
this
study
aimed
to
investigate
the
synergistic
effects
combination
therapy
these
parameters
QoL
hypertensive
obese
OSA
patients.
Methods
Patients
who
fulfilled
criteria
were
randomized
receive:
(i)
Dapagliflozin,
(ii)
D3,
(iii)
Dapagliflozin
plus
or
(iv)
no
treatment,
for
16
weeks.
The
evaluated
included
anthropometric
measurements,
uric
acid,
HbA1c,
lipid
profile,
steatotic
liver
disease
grade,
plasma
aldosterone
concentration,
renin
ultrasound
flow-mediated
dilatation
brachial
artery,
hsCRP,
heart
rate
variability
(HRV),
Epworth
Sleepiness
Scale
(ESS),
scores.
Results
A
total
163
patients
recruited
153
completed
study.
treatment
led
significant
improvements
metabolic
nocturnal
rates,
prevented
deterioration
HRV,
healthier
HRV
at
end
visit
compared
control
group.
Only
group
exhibited
both
ESS
Conclusions
This
first
demonstrate
beneficial
combining
outcomes
These
findings
highlight
potential
addressing
challenges
patient
population.
Trials
registration
NCT06690723.
Registered
10
October
2024—Retrospectively
registered,
https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000EWGF00000085/recordSummary
Язык: Английский
Dapagliflozin attenuates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inhibiting lipid accumulation, inflammation and liver fibrosis
BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(1)
Опубликована: Март 12, 2025
Metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
liver
disease
(MASLD)
has
emerged
as
a
globally
prevalent
disease,
closely
linked
to
the
rising
incidence
of
obesity,
diabetes,
and
metabolic
syndrome.
Dapagliflozin
(DaPa),
sodium-glucose
cotransporter-2
inhibitor,
is
primarily
prescribed
for
diabetes
management.
It
shown
potential
efficacy
in
managing
MASLD
clinical
settings.
However,
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
effects
DaPa
on
remain
poorly
understood.
Hence,
we
aimed
investigate
role
MASLD.
Male
diet-induced
obese
(DIO)
C57BL/6J
mice
were
injected
with
streptozotocin
(STZ),
followed
by
high-fat
diet
regimen
stimulate
dysfunction.
Subsequently,
they
received
via
gavage
5
weeks.
Hepatic
lipid
accumulation,
pathological
alterations,
inflammatory
markers,
fibrosis
assessed.
administration
reduced
fat
accumulation
DIO
mice.
Additionally,
it
decreased
oxidative
stress
peroxide
levels,
which
was
attributed
upregulation
glutathione
downregulation
malondialdehyde
reactive
oxygen
species
levels.
Notably,
downregulated
response
fibrosis.
protects
against
inhibiting
inflammation,
stress,
Язык: Английский
The real-world anti-inflammatory effect of SGLT2i in patients with chronic heart failure
Journal of Medicine and Life,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(2), С. 155 - 164
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Inflammation
plays
a
major
role
in
the
etiology
of
chronic
heart
failure
and
inducing
progression
to
end-stage
failure.
This
inflammation,
which
accompanies
failure,
is
not
only
local
but
also
systemic
usually
state
low-grade
constant
activation.
Because
there
an
interrelation
between
inflammation
neurohormonal
activation,
almost
all
anti-remodeling
classes
medication
have
been
evaluated
for
potential
hidden
anti-inflammatory
effect.
study
aimed
evaluate
effect
sodium-glucose
co-trans-porter
2
inhibitors
(SGLT2i)
(Dapagliflozin
or
Empagliflozin)
on
measured
by
C-reactive
protein
levels,
erythrocyte
sedimentation
rate
(ESR)
fibrinogen
patients
with
when
administered
together
other
standard
medications.
We
retrospectively
enrolled
220
admitted
our
hospital
from
January
2021
until
March
2023.
The
included
two
visits,
T0
(the
initial
visit)
T1
(after
six
months),
assess
if
SGLT2i
initiation
after
first
visit
(T0)
had
levels
inflammatory
biomarkers.
showed
reduction
that
was
present
both
reduced
ejection
fraction
(HFrEF)
preserved
(HFpEF)
phenotypes.
opposite
dynamics
markers
who
did
receive
SGLT2i,
where
increased
HFrEF
HFpEF
subgroups.
proved
effect,
showing
statistically
significant
irrespective
phenotype.
Язык: Английский
Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Emerging Therapeutic Modality?
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(12), С. 408 - 408
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024
Maintaining
the
physiological
function
of
vascular
endothelium
and
endothelial
glycocalyx
is
crucial
for
prevention
cardiovascular
disease,
which
one
leading
causes
morbidity
mortality
worldwide.
Damage
to
these
structures
can
lead
atherosclerosis,
hypertension,
other
problems,
especially
in
individuals
with
risk
factors
such
as
diabetes
obesity.
Endothelial
dysfunction
associated
ischemic
disease
has
a
negative
impact
on
overall
health.
The
aim
this
review
was
comprehensively
summarize
role
health
thrombo-inflammatory
conditions.
It
highlights
how
dysfunction,
influenced
by
diabetes,
chronic
kidney
obesity,
leads
adverse
outcomes,
including
heart
failure.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
hyperbaric
oxygen
therapy
(HBOT)
may
offer
therapeutic
benefits
treatment
disease.
This
presents
current
mechanisms
HBOT
promotes
angiogenesis,
shows
antimicrobial
immunomodulatory
effects,
enhances
antioxidant
defenses,
stimulates
stem
cell
activity.
latest
findings
important
topics
will
be
presented,
effects
cardiac
function,
plaque
stability,
integrity.
In
addition,
alleviating
aging,
glucose
metabolism
regulation
discussed,
along
its
inflammation
potential
benefit
ischemia–reperfusion
injury.
While
demonstrates
significant
potential,
also
addresses
risks
excessive
oxidative
stress
toxicity.
By
combining
information
molecular
maintenance
homeostasis,
provides
valuable
insights
into
development
innovative
strategies
aimed
at
protecting
restoring
prevent
treat
diseases.
Язык: Английский
SGLT-2 inhibitors: Diabetes and CKD and CHF (and gout?), oh my!
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
91(7), С. 392 - 393
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024
Hyperglycemia
is
the
hallmark
characteristic
of
diabetes
mellitus.Blood
glucose
and
hemoglobin
A1c
are
guideline-driven
markers
useful
for
diagnosis
monitoring
treatment.But
blood
but
1
part
this
systemic
metabolic
disease
that
also
has
infl
ammatory
components."Successful"
aggressive
control
sugar
had
limited
success
in
preventing
onset
progression
cardiovascular
renal
damage.Many
our
patients
still
struggle
with
ischemic
heart
disease,
failure,
peripheral
arterial
kidney
disease.There
have
been
several
new
US
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)-approved
medications
to
treat
type
2
diabetes,
some
which
use
unique
physiologically
targeted
mechanisms
lower
glucose.The
FDA
drug
approval
process
mandated
increased
attention
be
given
studying
effects
potential
drugs
on
components
mellitus,
not
just
their
hypoglycemic
activity.The
initial
focus
was
excluding
unanticipated
detrimental
effects.Studies
were
large,
prospectively
planned
collection
detailed
data,
events
carefully
adjudicated.As
a
result,
it
demonstrated
newer
capable
lowering
by
novel
only
cardiac
safe,
somewhat
surprisingly
able
reduce
(and
renal)
morbidities.Jaswaney
et
al
issue
Journal
discuss
sodium-glucose
cotransporter
(SGLT-2)
inhibitors
failure
chronic
including
those
without
diabetes.These
effective
adjuncts
levels.Designed
work
inducing
glucosuria
anticipated
reductions
circulating
insulin
levels
there
reason
think
they
could
might
exacerbated
hyperinsulinemia.It
welcome
surprise
bit
confusing)
many
us
practicing
primarily
arena
clinical
trials
multiple
class
effi
cacy
decreasing
admissions
(for
reduced
as
well
maintained
ejection
fraction),
all-cause
mortality,
disease.And,
these
benefi
ts
found
diabetes.Perhaps
surprisingly,
incidences
myocardial
infarction
stroke
apparently
signifi
cantly
reduced,
raising
further
questions
about
mechanism
action.But
seems
quite
unlikely
from
induced
resultant
relative
hypoglycemia.So
how
does
gout
enter
into
discussion?Gout
prototypic
autoinfl
may
occur
long-standing
hyperuricemia
(generally
defi
ned
level
above
urate's
estimated
vivo
saturation
point
6.8
mg/dL),
can
result
deposition
monosodium
urate
around
joints
sometimes
organs,
kidney.The
physiologic
basis
most
ineffi
cient
intestinal
excretion,
latter
being
due
excess
reabsorption
uric
acid
proximal
tubules.Although
dramatic
Язык: Английский
Latest Trends of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2-i) for Heart Failure (HF) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024
Sodium-glucose
cotransporter-2
inhibitors
(SGLT2-i)
have
been
effective
for
heart
failure
(HF),
chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD),
and
type
2
diabetes
(T2D).
Among
SGLT2-i,
empagliflozin
dapagliflozin
were
compared
clinical
effect,
with
showing
a
lower
composite
of
all-cause
mortality
or
hospitalization
hazard
ratio
(HR)
0.90.
In
the
EMPA-ELDERLY
trial,
demonstrated
better
HbA1c
reduction
weight
without
affecting
muscle
strength
mass
in
elderly
patients
T2D.
The
American
College
Physicians
(ACP)
published
“Newer
Pharmacologic
Treatments
Adults
Type
Diabetes”
April
2024.
potential
mechanisms
anti-inflammatory
effects
SGLT2-i
will
be
clarified
future.
Язык: Английский
Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: a retrospective case series.
Domestic Animal Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
90, С. 106894 - 106894
Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2024
Язык: Английский