Colonization factors of human and animal-specific enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(5), С. 448 - 464

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2023

Colonization factors (CFs) are major virulence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This pathogen is among the most common causes bacterial diarrhea in children low- and middle-income countries, travelers, livestock. CFs candidate antigens vaccines under development as preventive measures against ETEC infections humans Recent molecular studies have indicated that newly identified on human closely related to animal CFs. Increased knowledge pathogenic mechanisms, immunogenicity, regulation, expression CFs, well possible spread humans, may facilitate future for animals. Here, we present an updated review ETEC.

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing core microbiota and regulatory functions of the pig gut microbiome

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) are the leading terrestrial animals used for meat production. The gut microbiota significantly affect host nutrition, metabolism, and immunity. Hence, characterization of microbial structure function will improve our understanding resources mechanisms underlying host–microbe interactions. Here, we investigated microbiomes seven pig breeds using metagenomics 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We established an expanded reference catalog comprising 17 020 160 genes identified 4910 metagenome-assembled genomes. also analyzed resistome to provide overview profiles antimicrobial resistance in pigs. By analyzing relative abundances microbes, three core-predominant microbes (Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Prevotella copri, Oscillibacter valericigenes) this study. Oral administration increased organ indexes (including heart, spleen, thymus), but decreased gastrointestinal lengths germ-free mice. core enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier altered mucosal morphology, as was evident from increase crypt depths duodenum ileum. Furthermore, affected several metabolic pathways (such “steroid hormone biosynthesis,” “primary bile acid “phenylalanine, tyrosine tryptophan “phenylalanine metabolism”) These findings a panoramic view microbiome insights into functional contributions host.

Язык: Английский

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Building an International One Health Strain Level Database to Characterise the Epidemiology of AMR Threats: ESBL—AmpC Producing E. coli as An Example—Challenges and Perspectives

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 552 - 552

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top public health threats nowadays. Among most important AMR pathogens, Escherichia coli resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-EC) a perfect example One Health problem due its global distribution in animal, human, and environmental sources phenotype, derived from carriage plasmid-borne extended-spectrum AmpC β-lactamases, which limits choice effective antimicrobial therapies. The epidemiology ESC-EC infection complex as result multiple possible involved transmission, study would require databases ideally comprising information animal (livestock, companion, wildlife), sources. Here, we present steps taken assemble database with phenotypic genetic on 10,763 isolates retrieved provided by 13 partners located eight European countries, frame DiSCoVeR Joint Research project funded Programme (OH-EJP), along strengths limitations. This represents first step help assessment different geographical temporal trends transmission dynamics animals humans. work performed highlights aspects that should be considered future international efforts, such presented here.

Язык: Английский

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The Mechanism of Zinc Oxide in Alleviating Diarrhea in Piglets after Weaning: A Review from the Perspective of Intestinal Barrier Function

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(18), С. 10040 - 10040

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

Weaning is one of the most challenging phases for piglets, and it also time when piglets are susceptible to diarrhea, which may result in significant economic losses pig production. One dietary strategies reducing post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) provide them with a pharmacological dose zinc oxide (ZnO). However, excessive or long-term usage high-dose ZnO has impacts on health ecological environment. Therefore, caution should be exercised considering use prevention treatment PWD piglets. In this paper, role animal health, potential mode action alleviating impact innovative, highly efficient alternatives regulation piglet were reviewed offer insights into application novel

Язык: Английский

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Impact of precursor-derived peracetic acid on post-weaning diarrhea, intestinal microbiota, and predicted microbial functional genes in weaned pigs

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

Post-weaning diarrhea affects piglets in the nursery phase of production, leading to a substantial impact both at farm and financial levels. The multifactorial etiology this disease includes housing conditions, pig genetics, microbial composition, metagenomic assets. Among common therapeutic approaches, widely used zinc oxide underwent European Union ban 2022 due its negative environmental correlation increased antimicrobial resistance. During study, we have tested two levels inclusion potential alternative peracetic acid, delivered water via hydrolysis precursors sodium percarbonate tetraacetylethylenediamine, comparison an untreated control during 2-week animal study. We assessed composition predicted metagenome, together with performance physiological parameters, order describe functional role etiopathology. Both acid resulted amelioration diarrheal status by end trial period, noticeable effects visible from first week. This was accompanied improved when compared first-week figures decreased stomach pH A significant reduction caecal Proteobacteria recorded group, Campylobacter reported for one concentrations. other differences, found that ortholog zonula occludens toxin, virulence factor present pathogens like Escherichia coli jejuni , less abundant treated pigs group. In water, precursor has be valid intervention, antimicrobial, assist weaning piglets. Our findings support view post-weaning is complex important component characterized differential abundance specific orthologs genera caecum pigs.

Язык: Английский

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Bacillus spp. as potential probiotics: promoting piglet growth by improving intestinal health

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

The application of

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of antibiotic determinants and heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli from pigs in Catalonia

Microbial Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(3)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2025

More antibiotics are administered to livestock animals than treat human infections. Industrialization, large animal densities and early weaning mean pigs exposed more any other animal. Consequently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common among commensal pathogenic bacteria. Heavy metals (HMs) also often used as feed additives for growth promotion infection prevention alongside antimicrobials, increased exposure copper, zinc cadmium can further encourage AMR through co-selection. In this study, we sequenced an archived collection of 112 Escherichia coli isolates from in Catalonia using short- long-read sequencing methods detect HM tolerance genes. The most genes were mdfA (84.8%), aph(3″)-Ib (52.7%), bla TEM-1B (45.6%) aph(6)-Id (45.6%). Genes relevant public health, such the extended-spectrum β -lactamases (15.4%), CTX-M type or SHV , mobile colistin ( mcr ) (13.4%), mcr-1 found. present almost every genome but rarely located plasmids, and, cases, not on same plasmids. Of predicted increase HMs, only those with activity mercury co-located plasmids determinants. However, pig farming does support a scenario where co-selected. Finally, identified exclusive association between mcr-4 ColE10 plasmid, which may help target interventions curtail its spread .

Язык: Английский

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Culturomics Profiling of Nasal Cavities of European Wild Rabbits on the Iberian Peninsula: Antimicrobial Resistance and Detection of Microorganisms of Public Health Interest

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 317 - 317

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Background: European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are closely connected to the natural environment and might be a potential source of pathogenic bacteria and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The objective was identify bacterial community (species genera) that colonizes nasal cavities as well study antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes public health interest. Methods: A total 147 swabs individually collected from in Spain Portugal (between 2022 2024) were studied. Samples inoculated different culture media, isolates identified by MALDI-TOF. AMR staphylococci, mammaliicocci, enterococci Enterobacterales evaluated disk-diffusion method. Results: Overall, 557 non-repetitive obtained (1 isolate per species phenotype each animal). wide diversity genera (n = 40) 90) found. Staphylococcus (21.2%), Mammaliicoccus (11.7%), Enterococcus (23.3%), Enterobacter (9.2%), Citrobacter (4.5%) Escherichia (5.9%) most detected genera. Most animals presented more than one (78.9%), 15.7% them, at least five identified. Susceptibility all antimicrobials tested found 37.2%, 38.5% 51.6% staphylococci/mammaliicocci, coli isolates; moreover, multidrug 10.4%, 14.6% 9.6% these groups Moreover, important found, such Yersinia enterolocolitica (0.5%) Bordetella bronchiseptica (0.2%), among others. Conclusions: high Iberian Peninsula, including resistant strains

Язык: Английский

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Porcine β-Defensin 2 Expressed in Pichia pastoris Alleviates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Injury and Inflammatory Response in Mice

Animals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(10), С. 1389 - 1389

Опубликована: Май 11, 2025

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a common intestinal pathogen, can colonize the intestines and induce diarrhea in piglets, which brings great economic losses to swine industry. Antibiotics are recommended treatment for caused by ETEC weaned piglets. However, with emergence spread of multidrug-resistant ETEC, there is an urgent need develop alternatives antibiotics. Due unique antibacterial mechanism targeting bacterial membranes, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) promising candidates. In this study, activity crude recombinant porcine β-defensin 2 (rPBD2) expressed Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) was measured vitro. Mice infected were orally administered 16, 8, 4 AU rPBD2 7 consecutive days evaluate its anti-infective vivo. The results showed that addition broad against Gram-positive -negative bacteria, displayed high tolerance temperatures ranging from 20 60 °C, range pH, trypsin, pepsin, physiological concentrations salts. ETEC-induced mouse model, oral administration decreased scores intestinal/carcass ratio alleviated body weight loss. Additionally, loads stools colon (HP group), levels serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 group) TNF-α MP groups), increased villus height crypt depth (VH/CD) ileum groups). Our study provides cost-effective way PBD2 production identifies it as candidate combat infection.

Язык: Английский

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ZnO nanorod coatings attenuate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on their surface biofilms in estuarine environment

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3), С. 112877 - 112877

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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