Genome,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
67(5), С. 151 - 157
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024
Cytogenetics
has
allowed
the
investigation
of
chromosomal
diversity
and
repetitive
genomic
content
in
wasps.
In
this
study,
we
characterized
karyotype
social
wasp
Mischocyttarus
cassununga
using
conventional
cytogenetics
mapping
sequences.
This
study
was
undertaken
to
extend
our
understanding
organization
DNA
wasps
is
first
molecular
cytogenetic
insight
into
genus
Mischocyttarus.
The
M.
had
a
chromosome
number
2
n
=
64
for
females
32
males.
Constitutive
heterochromatin
exhibited
three
distribution
patterns:
centromeric
pericentromeric
regions
along
smaller
arms
extending
almost
entire
chromosome.
major
ribosomal
sites
were
located
on
pair
one
Positive
signals
microsatellite
probes
(GA)
(GAG)
observed
euchromatic
all
chromosomes.
microsatellites,
(CGG)
,
(TAT)
(TTAGG)
n,
(TCAGG)
not
any
region
Our
results
contrast
with
those
previously
obtained
Polybia
fastidiosuscula,
which
showed
that
microsatellites
are
predominantly
constitutive
heterochromatin.
suggests
variations
sequences
genomes
Communications Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025
Abstract
Symbioses
are
major
drivers
of
organismal
diversification
and
phenotypic
innovation.
However,
how
long-term
symbioses
shape
whole
genome
evolution
in
metazoans
is
still
underexplored.
Here,
we
use
a
giant
clam
(
Tridacna
maxima
)
to
demonstrate
symbiosis
has
left
complex
signatures
an
animal’s
genome.
Giant
clams
thrive
oligotrophic
waters
by
forming
remarkable
association
with
photosymbiotic
dinoflagellate
algae.
Genome-based
demographic
inferences
uncover
tight
correlation
between
T.
global
population
change
paleoclimate
habitat
shifts,
revealing
abiotic
biotic
factors
may
dictate
microevolution.
Comparative
analyses
reveal
genomic
features
that
be
symbiosis-driven,
including
expansion
contraction
immunity-related
gene
families
large
proportion
lineage-specific
genes.
Strikingly,
about
70%
the
composed
repetitive
elements,
especially
transposable
most
likely
resulting
from
symbiosis-adapted
immune
system.
This
work
greatly
enhances
our
understanding
underlie
metazoan
diversification.
Abstract
Background
Piwi-interacting
RNAs
(piRNA)s
are
non-coding
small
that
post-transcriptionally
affect
gene
expression
and
regulation.
Through
complementary
seed
region
binding
with
transposable
elements
(TEs),
piRNAs
protect
the
genome
from
transposition.
A
tool
to
link
TE
targets
will
improve
our
understanding
of
role
in
maintenance
Existing
tools
such
as
TEsmall
can
process
sRNA-seq
datasets
produce
differentially
expressed
piRNAs,
piRScan
developed
for
nematodes
TEs
but
it
requires
knowledge
about
target
interest
works
backwards.
Results
We
FishPi
predict
pairings
between
piRNA
available
genomes
zebrafish,
medaka
tilapia,
full
user
customisation
parameters
including
orientation
piRNA,
mismatches
scored
output
lists
piRNA-TE
matches.
individual
or
a
list
sequences
fasta
format.
The
software
focuses
on
analyses
reference
complementarity.
type
is
examined,
counted
stored
dictionary,
genomic
loci
recorded.
Any
updates
rules
easily
be
incorporated
by
changing
seed-region
options
graphic
user-interface.
provides
interface
using
tkinter
input
generate
comprehensive
reports
interactions.
adapted
other
species
taxa
opening
interpretation
functionality
wide
community.
Conclusions
Users
gain
insight
into
mobility
help
further
biological
their
interaction
similar
way
public
databases
have
improved
access
RNAs.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 25, 2024
Abstract
Transposable
elements
(TEs)
make
up
the
bulk
of
eukaryotic
genomes
and
examples
abound
TE-derived
sequences
repurposed
for
organismal
function.
The
process
by
which
TEs
become
coopted
remains
obscure
because
most
cases
involve
ancient,
transpositionally
inactive
elements.
Reports
active
serving
beneficial
functions
are
scarce
often
contentious
due
to
difficulties
in
manipulating
repetitive
sequences.
Here
we
show
that
recently
zebrafish
encode
products
critical
embryonic
development.
Knockdown
rescue
experiments
demonstrate
endogenous
retrovirus
family
BHIKHARI-1
(Bik-1)
encodes
a
Gag
protein
essential
mesoderm
Mechanistically,
Bik-1
associates
with
cell
membrane
its
ectopic
expression
chicken
embryos
alters
migration.
Similarly,
depletion
BHIKHARI-2
Gag,
relative
Bik-1,
causes
defects
neural
crest
development
zebrafish.
We
propose
an
“addiction”
model
explain
how
can
be
integrated
into
conserved
developmental
processes.
Plants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(8), С. 1159 - 1159
Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024
Wheat
is
one
of
the
most
important
food
crops,
both
in
China
and
worldwide.
production
facing
extreme
stresses
posed
by
different
diseases,
including
Fusarium
head
blight
(FHB),
which
has
recently
become
an
increasingly
serious
concerns.
FHB
significant
destructive
diseases
affecting
wheat
crops
all
over
world.
Recent
advancements
genomic
tools
provide
a
new
avenue
for
study
virulence
factors
relation
to
host
plants.
The
current
review
focuses
on
recent
progress
strains
infection.
presence
genome-wide
repeat-induced
point
(RIP)
mutations
causes
mutations,
eventually
leading
plant
susceptibility
against
invasion.
Furthermore,
effector
proteins
disrupt
resistance
mechanism.
In
this
study,
we
proposed
systematic
modification
genome
using
modern
biological
facilitate
foreign
We
also
suggested
number
scientific
strategies,
such
as
gene
cloning,
developing
more
powerful
functional
markers,
haplotype
marker-assisted
selection,
further
improve
associated
breeding
methods.
Journal of Molecular Pathology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(1), С. 1 - 1
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
Background/Objectives:
The
highly
polymorphic
Major
Histocompatibility
Complex
(MHC)
genomic
region,
located
on
the
short
arm
of
chromosome
6,
is
implicated
genetically
in
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder
with
motor
and
non-motor
symptoms.
Previously,
we
reported
significant
associations
between
SINE-VNTR-Alu
(SVA)
expression
quantitative
trait
loci
(eQTLs)
Human
Leucocyte
Antigen
(HLA)
class
I
genotypes
PD.
In
this
study,
aimed
to
evaluate
SVA
their
regulatory
effects
transposable
element
(TE)
transcription
MHC
region.
Methods:
Transcriptome
data
from
peripheral
blood
cells
1530
individuals
Progression
Markers
Initiative
(PPMI)
cohort
were
reanalyzed
for
TE
gene
using
publicly
available
bioinformatics
tools,
including
Salmon
Matrix-eQTL.
Results:
Four
structurally
SVAs
regulated
18
distinct
clusters
235
loci,
comprising
LINEs
(33%),
SINEs
(19%),
LTRs
(35%),
ancient
transposon
DNA
elements
(12%)
near
HLA
genes.
transcribed
TEs
predominantly
short,
an
average
length
445
nucleotides.
these
varied
significantly
terms
types,
numbers,
transcriptional
activation
or
repression.
SVA-regulated
RNAs
appear
function
as
enhancer-like
elements,
differentially
influencing
genes,
non-HLA
noncoding
RNAs.
Conclusions:
These
findings
highlight
roles
associated
complex
networks
governing
coding
potential
implications
immune
susceptibility.
Journal of Diabetes Investigation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
ABSTRACT
Aims
This
study
aimed
to
delineate
the
effect
of
hyperglycemia
on
Alu/LINE‐1
hypomethylation
and
in
ERK1/2
genes
expression
type
2
diabetes
with
without
cataract.
Methods
included
58
diabetic
patients
cataracts,
50
36
healthy
controls.
After
DNA
extraction
bisulfite
treatment,
LINE‐1
Alu
methylation
levels
were
assessed
using
Real‐time
MSP.
gene
was
analyzed
through
real‐time
PCR.
Total
antioxidant
capacity
(TAC),
fasting
plasma
glucose
(FPG)
measured
colorimetric
methods.
Statistical
analysis
performed
SPSS23,
setting
significance
level
at
P
<
0.05.
Results
The
TAC
significantly
lower
for
cataract
groups
than
controls
(259.31
±
122.99,
312.43
145.46,
372.58
132.95
nanomole
Trolox
equivalent)
a
significant
correlation
between
FPG
both
(
0.05).
sequences
found
be
statistically
hypomethylated
compared
In
these
groups,
directly
correlated
0.05)
but
not
LINE‐1.
higher
patients,
showing
increases
2.41‐fold
1.43‐fold
ERK1,
1.27‐fold
1.5
ERK2,
respectively.
ERK1
levels.
A
reverse
observed
expression.
Conclusions
Our
findings
indicate
that
hyperglycemia‐induced
oxidative
stress
may
alter
patterns
induce
aberrant
sequences.
These
changes
play
contributing
role
complications
such
as
cataracts.
