Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
82(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2025
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDs)
are
a
group
of
neurological
disorders
characterized
by
the
progressive
loss
selected
neurons.
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
and
Parkinson's
(PD)
most
common
NDs.
Pathologically,
NDs
failure
neural
interactions
aberrant
protein
fibril
aggregation
deposition,
which
lead
to
neuron
cognitive
behavioral
impairments.
Great
efforts
have
been
made
delineate
underlying
mechanism
However,
very
first
trigger
these
state
illness
still
vague.
Existing
therapeutic
strategies
can
relieve
symptoms
but
cannot
cure
diseases.
The
human
immune
system
is
complex
intricate
network
comprising
various
components
that
work
together
protect
body
against
pathogens
maintain
overall
health.
They
be
broadly
divided
into
two
main
types:
innate
immunity,
line
defense
pathogens,
acts
nonspecifically,
adaptive
follows
process
more
specifically
targeted.
significance
brain
immunity
in
maintaining
homeostatic
environment
brain,
its
direct
implications
NDs,
has
increasingly
come
focus.
Some
beneficial
regulatory
effects,
whereas
others
may
detrimental
effects
on
interplay
mechanisms
remain
an
area
active
research.
This
review
focuses
both
AD
PD,
offering
comprehensive
understanding
initiation
regulation
as
well
between
influencing
progression
Acta Neuropathologica,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
145(5), С. 515 - 540
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
including
exosomes,
microvesicles,
and
oncosomes,
are
nano-sized
particles
enclosed
by
a
lipid
bilayer.
EVs
released
virtually
all
eukaryotic
cells
have
been
shown
to
contribute
intercellular
communication
transporting
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
In
the
context
of
neurodegenerative
diseases,
may
carry
toxic,
misfolded
forms
amyloidogenic
proteins
facilitate
their
spread
recipient
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
CNS-originating
can
cross
blood–brain
barrier
into
bloodstream
be
found
other
body
fluids,
saliva,
tears,
urine.
originating
CNS
represent
an
attractive
source
biomarkers
for
because
they
contain
cell-
cell
state-specific
biological
materials.
recent
years,
multiple
papers
reported
use
this
strategy
identification
quantitation
Parkinson’s
disease
atypical
parkinsonian
disorders.
However,
certain
technical
issues
yet
standardized,
such
as
best
surface
markers
isolation
type-specific
validating
cellular
origin
EVs.
Here,
we
review
research
using
biomarker
studies,
primarily
disorders,
highlight
challenges,
propose
strategies
overcoming
them.
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(5), С. 770 - 770
Опубликована: Май 10, 2022
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
and
Amyotrophic
Lateral
Sclerosis
(ALS)
are
representative
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDs)
characterized
by
degeneration
of
selective
neurons,
as
well
the
lack
effective
biomarkers
therapeutic
treatments.
In
last
decade,
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
have
gained
considerable
interest
in
diagnostics
therapy
NDs,
owing
to
their
aberrant
expression
ability
target
multiple
molecules
pathways.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
dysregulated
miRNAs
fluids
(blood
or
cerebrospinal
fluid)
nervous
tissue
AD,
PD,
ALS
patients.
By
emphasizing
those
that
commonly
these
highlight
potential
role
therapeutical
targets
describe
use
antisense
oligonucleotides
miRNA
therapies.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
76(2), С. 199 - 227
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2023
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
an
attractive
liquid
biopsy
approach
in
the
diagnosis
and
prognosis
of
multiple
diseases
disorders.
The
feasibility
enriching
specific
subpopulations
EVs
from
biofluids
based
on
their
unique
surface
markers
has
opened
novel
opportunities
to
gain
molecular
insight
various
tissues
organs,
including
brain.
Over
past
decade,
bodily
fluids
been
extensively
studied
for
biomarkers
associated
with
neurological
disorders,
such
Alzheimer9s
disease,
Parkinson9s
schizophrenia,
bipolar
disorder,
major
depressive
substance
use
human
immunodeficiency
virus–associated
neurocognitive
cancer/treatment-induced
neurodegeneration.
These
studies
focused
isolation
cargo
characterization
either
total
or
brain
cells,
neuron-,
astrocyte-,
microglia-,
oligodendrocyte-,
pericyte-,
endothelial-derived
achieve
early
predict
treatment
intervention
outcomes.
findings
these
demonstrated
that
could
serve
a
repetitive
less
invasive
source
valuable
information
supplementing
existing
costly
neuroimaging
techniques
relatively
measures,
like
lumbar
puncture.
However,
initial
excitement
surrounding
blood-based
brain-related
tempered
by
challenges,
lack
central
nervous
system
specificity
EV
markers,
lengthy
protocols,
absence
standardized
procedures
biological
sample
collection,
isolation,
characterization.
Nevertheless,
rapid
advancements
field,
supported
improved
methods
sensitive
assays
characterization,
cell–derived
continue
offer
unparallel
significant
translational
implications
Significance
Statement
present
Characterizing
holds
potential
yield
information,
thereby
significantly
impacting
development
This
paper
reviewed
methodology
employed
isolate
extracellular
derived
cells
biofluids,
utility
enhancing
understanding
neurodegeneration,
challenges
this
research
field.
Translational Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023
Abstract
Neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
as
Alzheimer’s
disease,
Parkinson’s
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
and
Huntington’s
affect
millions
of
people
worldwide.
Tremendous
efforts
have
been
put
into
disease-related
research,
but
few
breakthroughs
made
in
diagnostic
therapeutic
approaches.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
heterogeneous
cell-derived
membrane
structures
that
arise
from
the
endosomal
system
or
directly
separated
plasma
membrane.
EVs
contain
many
biomolecules,
including
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
lipids,
which
can
be
transferred
between
different
cells,
tissues,
organs,
thereby
regulating
cross-organ
communication
cells
during
normal
pathological
processes.
Recently,
shown
to
participate
various
aspects
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Abnormal
secretion
levels
closely
related
pathogenesis
diseases
contribute
disease
progression.
Numerous
studies
proposed
targets
biomarkers
for
In
this
review,
we
summarize
discuss
advanced
research
progress
on
processes
several
Moreover,
outline
latest
roles
their
potential
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 6709 - 6742
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
Information
exchange
is
essential
for
the
brain,
where
it
communicates
physiological
and
pathological
signals
to
periphery
vice
versa.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
heterogeneous
group
of
membrane-bound
cellular
informants
actively
transferring
informative
calls
from
brain
via
lipids,
proteins,
nucleic
acid
cargos.
In
recent
years,
EVs
have
also
been
widely
used
understand
function,
given
their
"cell-like"
properties.
On
one
hand,
presence
neuron
astrocyte-derived
in
biological
fluids
exploited
as
biomarkers
mechanisms
progression
multiple
neurological
disorders;
on
other,
designing
targeted
therapies
due
potential
cross
blood-brain-barrier
(BBB).
Despite
expanding
literature
context
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
physiology
related
disorders,
comprehensive
compilation
existing
knowledge
still
needs
be
made
available.
current
review,
we
provide
detailed
insight
into
multifaceted
role
brain-derived
extracellular
(BDEVs)
intricate
regulation
physiology.
Our
focus
extends
significance
these
spectrum
including
tumors,
neurodegenerative
conditions,
neuropsychiatric
diseases,
autoimmune
others.
Throughout
parallels
drawn
using
various
evaluating
utility
early
detection
monitoring.
Additionally,
discuss
promising
prospects
utilizing
therapy
while
acknowledging
limitations
challenges
associated
with
applications
clinical
scenarios.
A
foundational
comprehension
state-of-the-art
EV
research
informing
design
future
studies.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(5), С. 2265 - 2289
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
produced
by
all
cells
in
the
body.
These
biological
nanoparticles
facilitate
cellular
communication
through
transport
of
diverse
cargoes,
including
small
molecules,
proteins,
and
nucleic
acids.
mRNA
cargoes
have
gained
particular
interest
given
their
role
translation
functional
proteins.
As
a
biomarker
platform,
EVs
can
be
found
nearly
biofluids-blood,
mucus,
urine,
cerebrospinal
fluid,
saliva-providing
real-time
insight
into
parent
cell
tissue
function.
mRNAs
carried
protected
from
degradation,
resulting
improved
detection
compared
to
free
mRNA,
recent
work
demonstrates
promising
results
using
these
as
biomarkers
for
cancer,
neurological
diseases,
infectious
gynecologic
obstetric
outcomes.
Furthermore,
innate
cargo
carrying,
targeting,
barrier
crossing
abilities
EVs,
structures
been
proposed
therapeutic
carriers
mRNA.
Recent
advances
demonstrate
methods
loading
range
disease
indications.
Here,
we
review
studies
diagnostics
therapeutics.
We
discuss
challenges
associated
with
diagnostic
applications
highlight
opportunities
future
development.
Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 119 - 147
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
Degeneration
and
dysfunction
of
neurons
in
the
brain
are
hallmarks
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Over
past
decades,
significant
efforts
have
been
devoted
to
development
validation
biomarkers
for
The
range
diversity
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
diseases
has
continued
expand,
encompassing
biofluid-based
sources
such
as
blood
or
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF),
nucleic
acids,
tissues,
imaging.
While
imaging
tissue
biopsy-based
markers
continually
being
identified
their
applications
expanding,
they
do
limitations
compared
with
RNA
protein
biomarkers.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
various
biomarkers,
including
microRNA
(miRNA),
long
noncoding
(lncRNA),
circulating
miRNA
(cimiRNA),
proteins,
context
CNS
disorders.
In
addition,
emphasizes
existing
challenges
associated
use
both
clinical
practice
research
on
conclusion,
this
provides
an
insightful
overview
diseases,
underscoring
crucial
role
biomarker
combating
these
debilitating
conditions.
article
also
highlights
future
related
implementation
novel
trials,
thereby
contributing
ongoing
advance
understanding
management
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(7), С. 811 - 811
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
a
prevalent
neurodegenerative
aging
disorder
that
manifests
as
motor
and
non-motor
symptoms,
its
etiopathogenesis
influenced
by
non-coding
RNAs
(ncRNAs).
Signal
pathway
gene
sequence
studies
have
proposed
alteration
of
ncRNAs
relevant
to
the
occurrence
development
PD.
Furthermore,
many
on
brain
tissues
body
fluids
from
patients
with
PD
indicate
variations
in
their
target
genes
could
trigger
or
exacerbate
pathogenesis
serve
potential
non-invasive
biomarkers
Numerous
been
considered
regulators
apoptosis,
α-syn
misfolding
aggregation,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
autophagy,
neuroinflammation
etiology,
evidence
mounting
for
determination
role
competing
endogenous
RNA
(ceRNA)
mechanisms
development.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
knowledge
regarding
regulation
function
well
ceRNA
networks
pathogenesis,
focusing
microRNAs,
long
ncRNAs,
circular
increase
understanding
propose
identification
treatment
early
stages
