Animal Models and Experimental Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
5(4), С. 297 - 310
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022
Abstract
Intestinal
microecology
is
the
main
component
of
human
microecology.
consists
intestinal
microbiota,
epithelial
cells,
and
mucosal
immune
system.
These
components
are
interdependent
establish
a
complex
interaction
network
that
restricts
each
other.
According
to
impact
on
body,
there
three
categories
symbiotic
bacteria,
opportunistic
pathogens,
pathogenic
bacteria.
The
participates
in
digestion
absorption,
material
metabolism,
inhibits
growth
microorganisms.
It
also
acts
as
body's
natural
barrier,
regulates
innate
immunity
intestine,
controls
barrier
function,
cells'
physiological
activities
such
hyperplasia
or
apoptosis.
When
steady‐state
balance
disturbed,
existing
core
microbiota
changes
leads
obesity,
diabetes,
many
other
diseases,
especially
irritable
bowel
syndrome,
inflammatory
disease
(IBD),
colorectal
malignancy.
including
tumors,
particularly
closely
related
This
article
systematically
discusses
research
progress
relationship
between
IBD
from
pathogenesis,
treatment
methods
IBD,
microbiota.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
187(23), С. 6550 - 6565.e11
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024
Highlights•Integrates
diverse
microbiome
datasets
within
the
same
analytical
framework•Uncovers
stable
relationships
among
gut
bacteria
across
interventions
and
disease
states•Reveals
a
core
structure
of
two
competing
guilds
populations
health
status•Offers
stably
interacting
microbial
as
novel
targets
for
modulationSummaryThe
microbiota
is
crucial
human
health,
functioning
complex
adaptive
system
akin
to
vital
organ.
To
identify
health-relevant
microbes,
we
followed
systems
biology
tenet
that
signify
components.
By
analyzing
metagenomic
from
high-fiber
dietary
intervention
in
type
2
diabetes
26
case-control
studies
15
diseases,
identified
set
correlated
genome
pairs
co-abundance
networks
perturbed
by
diseases.
These
genomes
formed
"two
guilds"
(TCGs)
model,
with
one
guild
specialized
fiber
fermentation
butyrate
production
other
characterized
virulence
antibiotic
resistance.
Our
random
forest
models
successfully
distinguished
cases
controls
multiple
diseases
predicted
immunotherapy
outcomes
through
use
these
genomes.
guild-based
approach,
which
specific,
database
independent,
interaction
focused,
identifies
signature
serves
holistic
indicator
potential
common
target
enhancement.Graphical
abstract
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
69(1), С. 183 - 197
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2020
Health
and
wellbeing
are
significantly
impaired
by
alcoholic
liver
disease
(ALD),
although
some
lactic
acid
bacteria
strains
have
been
shown
previously
to
relieve
ALD
symptoms,
the
mechanisms
behind
these
effects
still
unclear.
Here,
Lieber–DeCarli
liquid
diet
containing
alcohol
was
fed
C57BL/6J
mice
for
6
weeks
build
a
chronic
lesion
model
study
protective
possible
of
Lactobacillus
mixture
(Lactobacillus
plantarum
KLDS1.0344
acidophilus
KLDS1.0901).
The
results
showed
that
improved
intestinal
epithelial
permeability
reduced
serum
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
levels.
Furthermore,
inhibited
lipid
accumulation,
oxidative
stress,
inflammation
regulating
AMPK,
Nrf-2,
TLR4/NF-κB
pathways.
Importantly,
modulated
gut
microbiota,
resulting
in
increased
short-chain
fatty
(SCFA)
producers
decreased
Gram-negative
bacteria.
Taken
together,
findings
indicated
could
positively
regulate
causing
levels
SCFAs,
which
alcohol-induced
accumulation
stress
through
gut–liver
axis.
Moreover,
following
administration
mixture,
improvement
reduction
led
decrease
LPS
entering
portal
vein,
thereby
inhibiting
inflammation.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2019
Commensal
microbes
affect
all
aspects
of
immune
development
and
homeostasis
in
health
disease.
Increasing
evidence
points
to
the
notion
that
gut
commensals
impact
not
only
intestinal
diseases
but
also
tissues
distant
from
gut.
Autoimmune
or
non-infectious
uveitis
is
a
sight-threatening
intraocular
inflammation
affects
neuroretina.
It
strongly
T
cell
driven,
precise
causative
mechanisms
are
fully
understood.
We
others
observed
depletion
microbiota
animal
models
attenuated
Using
spontaneous
model
disease,
we
questioned
how
retina-specific
uveitogenic
cells
primed
when
their
cognate
antigens
sequestered
within
privileged
eye.
The
data
suggested
provide
signal
directly
through
receptor
cause
these
autoreactive
trigger
uveitis.
This
activation
appears
be
independent
endogenous
retinal
antigen.
Rather,
findings
point
may
mimic
antigen(s),
however,
actual
has
yet
been
identified.
Microbiota
serve
as
an
"adjuvant"
providing
innate
signals
amplify
direct
host
response
for
In
contrast,
develops
AIRE-/-
mice
microbiota.
To
date,
available
on
human
association
with
very
limited
relationships
difficult
establish.
review
will
summarize
current
knowledge
role
microbiome
its
underlying
mechanisms,
discuss
unresolved
questions
issues
attempt
explore
concept
gut-retina
axis.
In
recent
years,
studies
investigating
the
role
of
gut
microbiota
in
health
and
diseases
have
increased
enormously
–
making
it
essential
to
deepen
question
research
methodology
employed.
Fecal
transplantation
(FMT)
rodent
(either
from
human
or
animal
donors)
allows
us
better
understand
causal
intestinal
across
multiple
fields.
However,
this
technique
lacks
standardization
requires
careful
experimental
design
order
obtain
optimal
results.
By
comparing
several
which
rodents
are
final
recipients
FMT,
we
summarize
common
practices
review,
document
limitations
method
highlight
different
parameters
be
considered
while
designing
FMT
Studies.
Standardizing
is
challenging,
as
differs
according
topic,
but
avoiding
pitfalls
feasible.
Several
methodological
questions
remain
unanswered
day
offer
a
discussion
on
issues
explored
future
studies.
Abstract
Background
Celiac
disease
(CD)
is
an
autoimmune
digestive
disorder
that
occurs
in
genetically
susceptible
individuals
response
to
ingesting
gluten,
a
protein
found
wheat,
rye,
and
barley.
Research
shows
genetic
predisposition
exposure
gluten
are
necessary
but
not
sufficient
trigger
the
development
of
CD.
This
suggests
other
environmental
stimuli
early
life,
e.g.,
cesarean
section
delivery
antibiotics
or
formula
feeding,
may
also
play
key
role
CD
pathogenesis
through
yet
unknown
mechanisms.
Here,
we
use
multi-omics
analysis
investigate
how
risk
factors
alter
gut
microbiota
infants
at
Results
Toward
this
end,
selected
31
from
large-scale
prospective
birth
cohort
study
with
first-degree
relative
We
then
performed
rigorous
multivariate
association,
cross-sectional,
longitudinal
analyses
using
metagenomic
metabolomic
data
collected
birth,
3
months
6
age
explore
impact
on
composition,
function,
metabolome
prior
introduction
(gluten).
These
revealed
several
microbial
species,
functional
pathways,
metabolites
associated
each
factor
differentially
abundant
between
environmentally
exposed
non-exposed
time
points.
Among
our
significant
findings,
decreased
abundance
Bacteroides
vulgatus
dorei
folate
biosynthesis
pathway
increased
hydroxyphenylacetic
acid,
alterations
implicated
immune
system
dysfunction
inflammatory
conditions.
Additionally,
that,
any
factor,
abundances
uniformis
metabolite
3-3-hydroxyphenylproprionic
acid
increase
over
time,
while
those
for
lipoic
methane
metabolism
pathways
decrease,
patterns
linked
beneficial
immunomodulatory
anti-inflammatory
effects.
Conclusions
Overall,
provides
unprecedented
insights
into
major
taxonomic
shifts
developing
linking
detrimental
