Review: Reducing enteric methane emissions improves energy metabolism in livestock: is the tenet right?

animal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17, С. 100830 - 100830

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2023

The production of enteric methane in the gastrointestinal tract livestock is considered as an energy loss equations for estimating metabolism feeding systems. Therefore, spared resulting from specific inhibition emissions should be re-equilibrated with other factors equation. And, it commonly assumed that net feeds increases, thus benefitting functions, particularly ruminants due to important rumen. Notwithstanding, we confirm this work does not transpose into consistent improvements production. Theoretical calculations flows using experimental data show expected improvement small and difficult detect under prevailing, moderate (≈25%) obtained feed additives inhibiting methanogenesis. Importantly, calculation partitioning canonical models might adequate when methanogenesis inhibited. There a lack information on various parameters play role may affected provoked abatement methane. formula used calculate heat based respiratory exchanges validated Also, better understanding needed effects fermentation products, heat, microbial biomass. Inhibition induces accumulation H2, main substrate produce methane, has no energetic value host, extensively by majority rumen microbes. Currently, fate excess H2 its consequences microbiota host are well known. All additional will provide account transactions Based available information, concluded claim translate more feed-efficient animals warranted.

Язык: Английский

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In Pursuit of Understanding the Rumen Microbiome

Fermentation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(2), С. 114 - 114

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

The rumen plays an indispensable role in ruminants to utilize ligno-cellulosic material and convert non-protein nitrogen into nutrients otherwise unavailable for human consumption. Recent advancements the sequencing technology omics approach have provided profound insights world, wherein a consortium of archaea, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses exist interact. These ruminal microbes alter environment execute several interlinked metabolic cascades that produce substrates host’s energy body requirements. Methane is emitted as by-product during this complex fermentation process leading loss productivity while negatively impacting environment. As play ever-increasing our food supply chain, manipulating critical step towards maximizing ruminant product’s nutritional value reducing its carbon footprint. Diet most straightforward way microbiome, possibly conjunction with phytobiotics probiotics feed supplements. Early life interventions allow manipulation microbial population structure function could persist later on adult life. It has also been proven host exerts influence microbiome heritable trait. goal review provide better understanding rumen, key organisms, development identify, characterize, engineer efficient conversion methane reduction.

Язык: Английский

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Invited review: Rumen modifiers in today's dairy rations

Journal of Dairy Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 106(5), С. 3053 - 3071

Опубликована: Март 18, 2023

Our aim was to review feed additives that have a potential ruminal mechanism of action when fed dairy cattle. We discuss how can influence fermentation stoichiometry through electron transfer mechanisms, particularly the production and usage dihydrogen. Lactate accumulation should be avoided, especially acidogenic conditions suppress neutral detergent fiber digestibility or lead subclinical acidosis. Yeast products other probiotics are purported lactate uptake, but growing evidence also supports yeast expression gut epithelial genes promoting barrier function resulting inflammatory responses by host various stresses. summarized methane-suppressing for in rations. focused on those with decrease methane without decreasing milk production. identified some mitigating factors need addressed more fully future research. Growth such as branched-chain volatile fatty acids part crucial cross-feeding among groups microbes, optimize rumen. developments mechanisms rumen-active modifiers help nutrition advisors anticipate benefit field is likely.

Язык: Английский

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Review: Mechanism, effectiveness, and the prospects of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in lowering ruminants' enteric methane emission

animal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(4), С. 101134 - 101134

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Animal nutritionists continue to investigate new strategies combat the challenge of methane emissions from ruminants. Medicinal plants (MPs) are known be beneficial animal health and exert functional roles in livestock due their phytogenic compounds with antimicrobial, immunostimulatory, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory activities. Some MP has been reported anti-methanogenic can effectively lower ruminants' enteric emissions. This review overviews trends utilization ruminants, bioactivity effectiveness lowering production. It highlights regulatory mechanism gaps that must critically addressed improve its efficacy. could reduce production by up 8-50% regulating rumen fermentation pathway, directing hydrogen toward propionogenesis, modifying diversity, structure, population methanogens protozoa. Yet, factors such as palatability, extraction techniques, economic implications further considered exploit potential fully.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the phylogenomic diversity of Methanomassiliicoccales and implications for mitigating ruminant methane emissions

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Abstract Background Methanomassiliicoccales are a recently identified order of methanogens that diverse across global environments particularly the gastrointestinal tracts animals; however, their metabolic capacities defined via limited number cultured strains. Results Here, we profile and analyze 243 genomes assembled from representatives uncultured metagenomes recovered various biomes, including different animal species. Our analyses reveal presence numerous undefined genera genetic variability in capabilities within lineages, which is essential for adaptation to ecological niches. In particular, tract demonstrate co-diversified members with hosts over evolutionary timescales likely originated natural environment. We highlight clades vitamin transporter BtuC proteins distinguish other archaeal orders provide competitive advantage efficiently handling B 12 . Furthermore, genome-centric metatranscriptomic analysis ruminants varying methane yields elevated expression select low animals suggest exchanges could enable them occupy niches possibly alter direction H 2 utilization. Conclusions comprehensive updated account divergent drawing obtained habitats. also unique involving , serve as promising targets mitigating ruminant emissions by altering flow.

Язык: Английский

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Symbioses between fungi and bacteria: from mechanisms to impacts on biodiversity

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 80, С. 102496 - 102496

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Symbiotic interactions between fungi and bacteria range from positive to negative. They are ubiquitous in free-living as well host-associated microbial communities worldwide. Yet, the impact of fungal-bacterial symbioses on organization dynamics is uncertain. There two reasons for this uncertainty: (1) knowledge gaps understanding genetic mechanisms underpinning (2) prevailing interpretations ecological theory that favor antagonistic drivers stabilizing biological despite existence models emphasizing contributions interactions. This review synthesizes information common soil polymicrobial biofilms. The interdomain partnerships considered context relevant community ecology models, which discussed critically.

Язык: Английский

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Evolving understanding of rumen methanogen ecophysiology

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

Production of methane by methanogenic archaea, or methanogens, in the rumen ruminants is a thermodynamic necessity for microbial conversion feed to volatile fatty acids, which are essential nutrients animals. On other hand, greenhouse gas and its production causes energy loss animal. Accordingly, there ongoing efforts toward developing effective strategies mitigating emissions from ruminant livestock that require detailed understanding diversity ecophysiology methanogens. Rumen methanogens evolved free-living autotrophic ancestors through genome streamlining involving gene acquisition. The process yielded an oligotrophic lifestyle, metabolically efficient ecologically adapted descendants. This specialization poses serious challenges obtaining axenic cultures consequently, information on their physiological properties remains most part inferred those non-rumen representatives. review presents current knowledge metabolic contributions enteric production. It also identifies respective critical gaps need be filled aiding mitigate emission operations at same time increasing productivity this agriculture sector.

Язык: Английский

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Supplementing branched-chain volatile fatty acids in dual-flow cultures varying in dietary forage and corn oil concentrations. I: Digestibility, microbial protein, and prokaryotic community structure

Journal of Dairy Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 106(11), С. 7530 - 7547

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023

Branched-chain amino acids are deaminated by amylolytic bacteria to branched-chain volatile fatty (BCVFA), which growth factors for cellulolytic bacteria. Our objective was determine the dietary conditions that would increase uptake of BCVFA rumen We hypothesized increased forage bacterial abundance and incorporation into their structure. Supplemental polyunsaturated acids, supplied via corn oil (CO), should inhibit growth, but we additional alleviate inhibition. Further, supplemental neutral detergent fiber degradation efficiency protein synthesis more with high low acid combination. The study an incomplete block design 8 dual-flow continuous cultures used in 4 periods treatments (n = per treatment) arranged as a 2 × factorial. were: (HF) or (LF; 67 33%), without CO (3% dry matter), 2.15 mmol/d (which included 5 mg/d 13C each isovalerate, isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate). isonitrogenous diets consisted 33:67 alfalfa:orchardgrass pellet, replaced concentrate pellet mainly ground corn, soybean meal, hulls LF diet. main effect supplementing (NDF) degradability 7.6%, NDF only diets. N 1.5 g/kg organic matter truly degraded (6.6%) 0.05 g/g (6.5%). relative sequence decreased Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, genus Butyrivibrio compared HF. Recovery total dose pellets from 144 µg/ mg HF 98.9 LF. Although isotope recovery greater HF, supplementation microbial under all conditions. Therefore, has potential improve feed dairy cows even might otherwise

Язык: Английский

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Mitigating enteric methane emissions: An overview of methanogenesis, inhibitors and future prospects

Animal nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mitigating methane emissions and promoting acetogenesis in ruminant livestock

Frontiers in Animal Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Through enteric fermentation, ruminants convert fibrous biomass into high-quality proteins like meat and milk. In this process however, methanogenic archaea in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from by-products of fermentation: carbon dioxide hydrogen. Research methane mitigation has been extensive, over years resulted development wide variety strategies ranging cutting our consumption, to breeding low emitting cows, targeting rumen microbiome. Methods promotion reductive acetogenesis, natural alternative pathway methanogenesis rumen, are at forefront microbiome engineering efforts. However, inability make acetogenesis key hydrogen scavenging have limited these manipulation Herein we comprehensively review strategies, with particular emphasis on mechanisms involving acetogenesis. Such includes genetic reprogramming methanogens for With advent CRISPR-Cas genome editing technologies, potential exists transform dominant methane-producing archaea, such as Methanobrevibacter ruminantium , acetate producing organisms. Acetate can, turn, be utilized by animal increase milk production, thus simultaneously reducing emissions increasing efficiency. The current status future challenges discussed. We propose that CRISPR offers promising avenue sustainable farming.

Язык: Английский

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