International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(2), С. 993 - 993
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024
Regenerative
medicine
harnesses
the
body's
innate
capacity
for
self-repair
to
restore
malfunctioning
tissues
and
organs.
Stem
cell
therapies
represent
a
key
regenerative
strategy,
but
effectively
harness
their
potential
necessitates
nuanced
understanding
of
stem
niche.
This
specialized
microenvironment
regulates
critical
behaviors
including
quiescence,
activation,
differentiation,
homing.
Emerging
research
reveals
that
dysfunction
within
endogenous
neural
niches
contributes
neurodegenerative
pathologies
impedes
regeneration.
Strategies
such
as
modifying
signaling
pathways,
or
epigenetic
interventions
niche
homeostasis
signaling,
hold
promise
revitalizing
neurogenesis
repair
in
diseases
like
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's.
Comparative
studies
highly
species
provide
evolutionary
clues
into
niche-mediated
renewal
mechanisms.
Leveraging
bioelectric
cues
crosstalk
between
gut,
brain,
vascular
further
illuminates
promising
therapeutic
opportunities.
techniques
single-cell
transcriptomics,
organoids,
microfluidics,
artificial
intelligence,
silico
modeling,
transdifferentiation
will
continue
unravel
complexity.
By
providing
comprehensive
synthesis
integrating
diverse
views
on
components,
developmental
transitions,
dynamics,
this
review
unveils
new
layers
complexity
integral
behavior
function,
which
unveil
novel
prospects
modulate
function
revolutionary
treatments
diseases.
Communications Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
4(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2021
Organoids-cellular
aggregates
derived
from
stem
or
progenitor
cells
that
recapitulate
organ
function
in
miniature-are
of
growing
interest
developmental
biology
and
medicine.
Organoids
have
been
developed
for
organs
tissues
such
as
the
liver,
gut,
brain,
pancreas;
they
are
used
surrogates
to
study
a
wide
range
questions
basic
biology,
genetic
disorders,
therapies.
However,
many
organoids
reported
date
cultured
Matrigel,
which
is
prepared
secretion
Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm
mouse
sarcoma
cells;
Matrigel
complex
poorly
defined.
This
complexity
makes
it
difficult
elucidate
Matrigel-specific
factors
governing
organoid
development.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
promising
Matrigel-free
methods
generation
maintenance
use
decellularized
extracellular
matrix
(ECM),
synthetic
hydrogels,
gel-forming
recombinant
proteins.
The
complex
pathophysiology
of
autism
spectrum
disorder
encompasses
interactions
between
genetic
and
environmental
factors.
On
the
one
hand,
hundreds
genes,
converging
at
functional
level
on
selective
biological
domains
such
as
epigenetic
regulation
synaptic
function,
have
been
identified
to
be
either
causative
or
risk
factors
autism.
other
exposure
chemicals
that
are
widespread
in
environment,
endocrine
disruptors,
has
associated
with
adverse
effects
human
health,
including
neurodevelopmental
disorders.
Interestingly,
experimental
results
suggest
an
overlap
regulatory
pathways
perturbed
by
mutations
factors,
depicting
convergences
interplays
susceptibility
toxic
insults.
pervasive
nature
chemical
poses
pivotal
challenges
for
neurotoxicological
studies,
agencies,
policy
makers.
This
highlights
emerging
need
developing
new
integrative
models,
biomonitoring,
epidemiology,
experimental,
computational
tools,
able
capture
real-life
scenarios
encompassing
interaction
chronic
mixture
substances
individuals'
backgrounds.
In
this
review,
we
address
intertwined
roles
lesions
Specifically,
outline
transformative
potential
stem
cell
coupled
omics
analytical
approaches
increasingly
single
resolution,
tools
experimentally
dissect
pathogenic
mechanisms
underlying
disorders,
well
improve
developmental
neurotoxicology
assessment.
Recent
advances
in
human
stem
cell-derived
brain
organoids
promise
to
replicate
critical
molecular
and
cellular
aspects
of
learning
memory
possibly
cognition
vitro
.
Coining
the
term
“organoid
intelligence”
(OI)
encompass
these
developments,
we
present
a
collaborative
program
implement
vision
multidisciplinary
field
OI.
This
aims
establish
OI
as
form
genuine
biological
computing
that
harnesses
using
scientific
bioengineering
an
ethically
responsible
manner.
Standardized,
3D,
myelinated
can
now
be
produced
with
high
cell
density
enriched
levels
glial
cells
gene
expression
for
learning.
Integrated
microfluidic
perfusion
systems
support
scalable
durable
culturing,
spatiotemporal
chemical
signaling.
Novel
3D
microelectrode
arrays
permit
high-resolution
electrophysiological
signaling
recording
explore
capacity
recapitulate
mechanisms
formation
and,
ultimately,
their
computational
potential.
Technologies
could
enable
novel
biocomputing
models
via
stimulus-response
training
organoid-computer
interfaces
are
development.
We
envisage
complex,
networked
whereby
connected
real-world
sensors
output
devices,
ultimately
each
other
sensory
organ
(e.g.
retinal
organoids),
trained
biofeedback,
big-data
warehousing,
machine
methods.
In
parallel,
emphasize
embedded
ethics
approach
analyze
ethical
raised
by
research
iterative,
manner
involving
all
relevant
stakeholders.
The
many
possible
applications
this
urge
strategic
development
discipline.
anticipate
OI-based
allow
faster
decision-making,
continuous
during
tasks,
greater
energy
data
efficiency.
Furthermore,
“intelligence-in-a-dish”
help
elucidate
pathophysiology
devastating
developmental
degenerative
diseases
(such
dementia),
potentially
aiding
identification
therapeutic
approaches
address
major
global
unmet
needs.
