Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(21)
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2024
Brain
organoids
are
three-dimensional
aggregates
of
self-organized
differentiated
stem
cells
that
mimic
the
structure
and
function
human
brain
regions.
Organoids
bridge
gaps
between
conventional
drug
screening
models
such
as
planar
mammalian
cell
culture,
animal
studies,
clinical
trials.
They
can
revolutionize
fields
developmental
biology,
neuroscience,
toxicology,
computer
engineering.
Conventional
microinstrumentation
for
cellular
engineering,
microfluidic
chips;
microelectrode
arrays
(MEAs);
optical,
magnetic,
acoustic
techniques,
has
limitations
when
applied
to
(3D)
organoids,
primarily
due
their
limits
with
inherently
two-dimensional
geometry
interfacing.
Hence,
there
is
an
urgent
need
develop
new
instrumentation
compatible
live
culture
techniques
scalable
3D
formats
relevant
organoids.
This
review
discusses
approaches
emerging
necessary
advanced
organoid-machine
interfaces.
Specifically,
this
article
surveys
recently
developed
microinstrumentation,
including
printed
curved
microfluidics,
fast-scan
optical
buckling
self-folding
MEAs,
interfaces
electrochemical
measurements,
spatially
controllable
magnetic
technologies
two-way
information
transfer
highlights
key
challenges
must
be
addressed
robust
organoid
reliable
spatiotemporal
transfer.
AI & Society,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
39(6), С. 3005 - 3015
Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024
Abstract
Many
think
that
a
specific
aspect
of
phenomenal
consciousness—valenced
or
affective
experience—is
essential
to
consciousness’s
moral
significance
(valence
sentientism).
They
hold
valenced
experience
is
necessary
for
well-being,
status,
psychological
intrinsic
value
(or
all
three).
Some
consciousness
generally
non-derivative
(broad
Few
unnecessary
(non-necessitarianism).
In
this
paper,
I
consider
the
prospects
these
views.
first
valence
sentientism
in
light
Vulcans,
beings
who
are
conscious
but
without
affect
any
sort.
Vulcans
pressure
us
accept
broad
sentientism.
But
argue
consideration
explanations
opens
up
possible
non-necessitarianism
about
consciousness.
That
is,
once
one
leans
away
from
because
should
feel
view
on
which
not
value.
The Innovation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(3), С. 100620 - 100620
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
In
the
last
decade,
organoid
research
has
entered
a
golden
era,
signifying
pivotal
shift
in
biomedical
landscape.
The
year
2023
marked
milestone
with
publication
of
thousands
papers
this
arena,
reflecting
exponential
growth.
However,
amid
burgeoning
expansion,
comprehensive
and
accurate
overview
field
been
conspicuously
absent.
Our
review
is
intended
to
bridge
gap,
providing
panoramic
view
rapidly
evolving
We
meticulously
analyze
from
eight
distinctive
vantage
points,
harnessing
our
rich
experience
academic
research,
industrial
application,
clinical
practice.
present
deep
exploration
advances
technology,
underpinned
by
long-standing
involvement
arena.
narrative
traverses
historical
genesis
organoids
their
transformative
impact
across
various
sectors,
including
oncology,
toxicology,
drug
development.
delve
into
synergy
between
avant-garde
technologies
such
as
synthetic
biology
single-cell
omics
discuss
role
tailoring
personalized
medicine,
enhancing
high-throughput
screening,
constructing
physiologically
pertinent
disease
models.
analysis
reflective
discourse
provide
dive
existing
landscape
emerging
trends
technology.
spotlight
technological
innovations,
methodological
evolution,
broadening
spectrum
applications,
emphasizing
revolutionary
influence
discovery,
other
fields.
Looking
ahead,
we
cautiously
anticipate
future
developments
especially
its
potential
implications
for
patient
care,
new
avenues
research.
trust
that
will
be
an
asset
researchers,
clinicians,
patients
keen
interest
medical
strategies.
offer
broad
prospective
capabilities
encompassing
wide
range
current
applications.
summary,
attempt
field.
reflections,
summaries,
projections
might
useful
researchers
hope
contribute
shaping
trajectory
dynamic
advancing
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024
Human
brain
organoids,
aka
cerebral
organoids
or
earlier
"mini-brains",
are
3D
cellular
models
that
recapitulate
aspects
of
the
developing
human
brain.
They
show
tremendous
promise
for
advancing
our
understanding
neurodevelopment
and
neurological
disorders.
However,
unprecedented
ability
to
model
development
function
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(21)
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024
Brain
organoids
are
3D
in
vitro
culture
systems
derived
from
human
pluripotent
stem
cells
that
self-organize
to
model
features
of
the
(developing)
brain.
This
review
examines
techniques
behind
organoid
generation,
their
current
and
potential
applications,
future
directions
for
field.
possess
complex
architecture
containing
various
neural
cell
types,
synapses,
myelination.
They
have
been
utilized
toxicology
testing,
disease
modeling,
infection
studies,
personalized
medicine,
gene-environment
interaction
studies.
An
emerging
concept
termed
Organoid
Intelligence
(OI)
combines
with
artificial
intelligence
generate
learning
memory,
goals
modeling
cognition
enabling
biological
computing
applications.
allow
neuroscience
studies
not
previously
achievable
traditional
techniques,
transform
drug
development,
understanding
brain
development
disorders.
The
aspirational
vision
OI
parallels
origins
intelligence,
efforts
underway
map
a
roadmap
toward
its
realization.
In
summary,
constitute
disruptive
technology
is
rapidly
advancing
gaining
traction
across
multiple
disciplines.
Abstract
Planar
microelectrode
arrays
(MEAs)
for
–
in
vitro
or
vivo
neuronal
signal
recordings
lack
the
spatial
resolution
and
sufficient
signal‐to‐noise
ratio
(SNR)
required
a
detailed
understanding
of
neural
network
function
synaptic
plasticity.
To
overcome
these
limitations,
highly
customizable
three‐dimensional
(3D)
printing
process
is
used
combination
with
thin
film
technology
self‐aligned
template‐assisted
electrochemical
deposition
to
fabricate
3D‐printed‐based
MEAs
on
stiff
flexible
substrates.
Devices
design
flexibility
physical
robustness
are
shown
recording
activity
different
applications,
achieving
high‐aspect
3D
microelectrodes
up
33:1.
Here,
successfully
record
cultures,
retinal
explants,
cortex
living
mice,
thereby
demonstrating
versatility
MEA
while
maintaining
high‐quality
recordings.
Customizable
provide
unique
opportunities
study
under
regular
various
pathological
conditions,
both
vivo,
contribute
development
drug
screening
neuromodulation
systems
that
can
accurately
monitor
large
networks
over
time.
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023
The
brain
is
arguably
the
most
powerful
computation
system
known.
It
extremely
efficient
in
processing
large
amounts
of
information
and
can
discern
signals
from
noise,
adapt,
filter
faulty
all
while
running
on
only
20
watts
power.
human
brain's
efficiency,
progressive
learning,
plasticity
are
unmatched
by
any
computer
system.
Recent
advances
stem
cell
technology
have
elevated
field
culture
to
higher
levels
complexity,
such
as
development
three-dimensional
(3D)
organoids
that
recapitulate
functionality
better
than
traditional
monolayer
systems.
Organoid
Intelligence
(OI)
aims
harness
innate
biological
capabilities
for
biocomputing
synthetic
intelligence
interfacing
them
with
technology.
With
latest
strides
technology,
bioengineering,
machine
we
explore
ability
compute,
store
given
(input),
execute
a
task
(output),
study
how
this
affects
structural
functional
connections
themselves.
Furthermore,
understanding
learning
generates
changes
patterns
connectivity
shed
light
early
stages
cognition
brain.
Investigating
these
concepts
an
enormous,
multidisciplinary
endeavor
necessitates
engagement
both
scientific
community
public.
Thus,
Feb
22–24
2022,
Johns
Hopkins
University
held
first
Workshop
form
OI
Community
lay
out
groundwork
establishment
new
discipline.
potential
revolutionize
computing,
neurological
research,
drug
was
discussed,
along
vision
roadmap
its
over
coming
decade.
Molecular Psychology Brain Behavior and Society,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
2, С. 10 - 10
Опубликована: Май 25, 2023
Background:
The
field
of
organoid
ethics
is
complex
and
multifaceted,
the
need
for
flexibility
adaptability
in
face
its
moral
complexity
great
importance.
Certain
kinds
organoids
may
be
deemed
morally
controversial
due
to
their
intrinsic
characteristics
(e.g.,
brain
organoids,
embryoids,
or
intelligence
models)
debates
are
underway
over
possible
standing.
Furthermore,
different
domains
applications,
such
as
transplantation,
precision
medicine,
disease
modeling
have
fundamentally
concerns.Methods:In
this
paper,
we
argue
that
it
a
mistake
near
impossible
develop
an
overarching,
all-in-one
ethical
framework
can
sufficiently
cover
myriad
contexts.
We
first
identify
ontological
categories
technologies
along
with
problematic
properties.
then
present
contexts
which
applied.Results:
Constructing
both
consider
all
relevant
properties
contexts,
useful
lens
examination
lead
paradox;
more
tries
incorporate,
abstract
less
becomes.Conclusions:It
bioethicists
take
on
collaborative
contextual
approaches
ethics.
