Over
the
past
30
years,
I
have
routinely
told
my
students
that
this
is
most
exciting
time
in
history
to
be
a
developmental
biologist.
This
has
been
especially
true
over
last
decade,
with
emergence
of
new
technologies
and
vitro
platforms
investigate
foundational
concepts
biology.
Special
Issue
Development
features
articles
span
multiple
organ
systems,
mechanisms
disease
pathologies.
What
links
these
papers
they
all
use
systems
provide
unfettered
access
mammalian
cells
tissues.
These
allow
for
manipulation
signaling
gradients,
biomechanical
forces,
genes,
pathogens
toxins,
then
live
imaging,
morphometry,
biochemistry
various
omics
study
cell
tissue
behaviors.
Many
approaches
enable
studies
human
development
were
previously
unimaginable.
When
you
add
our
existing
toolbox
model
we
unprecedented
opportunities
explore
biology
mechanisms.There
are
many
areas
challenging
but
benefitted
from
platforms.
The
challenges
studying
early
implantation-
gastrulation-stage
embryos
linked
their
small
size
inaccessibility
vivo,
which
limits
experimental
manipulations
possible
types
readouts
one
can
use.
On
top
technical
limitations,
experiments
using
peri-implantation
need
carefully
considered
based
on
ethical
guidelines.
being
met
scale
up,
manipulate
environmental
factors
(e.g.
metabolites,
oxygen
levels),
mechanical
forces
gene-gene
interactions,
dynamic
fate
decisions
morphogenesis.
Several
issue
highlight
used
embryonic
development,
including
review
synthetic
embryo-like
structures
(Terhune
et
al.,
2022)
poster
discussing
assembloids
(Kanton
Paşca,
2022).
Research
cover
topics
such
as
pluripotency
(Yoney
2022),
embryonic-extraembryonic
interactions
(Vrij
role
hypoxia
gastrulation
(López-Anguita
mouse
endoderm
formation
(Medina-Cano
placode
(Conti
Harschnitz,
Pluripotent
stem
(PSC)-based
organoid
transformative
organogenesis,
also
highlights
how
applied
lung
progenitors
(Hein
hippocampal
(Dunville
pancreatic
organoids
(Grapin-Botton
Kim,
2022).Arguably,
some
uses
involve
mechanistically
even
treating
diseases.
There
now
published
examples
PSC-derived
congenital
diseases,
example
involves
cerebral
Leigh
syndrome
(Romero-Morales
In
addition,
parallels
between
cancer
(Morales
Andrews,
2022;
Bain
One
organoids,
described
(Niethammer
identify
toxins
impact
development.
Moreover,
generating
therapeutics
engineering
transdifferentiation
discussed
(Huch
Gouti,
Tanabe
Although
potential
generated
tremendous
enthusiasm,
there
justifiable
questions
accurately
represent
counterparts.
crucial
importance
benchmarking
samples.
For
example,
comparing
organs
functionally,
histologically
by
single
RNA-sequencing.
case
phenotypes
identified
should
validated
samples
patients.
Spotlight
article
(Childs
well
Techniques
Resources
esophageal
esophagus
(Ferrer-Torres
2022).The
tractability
warmly
embraced
biomedical
quantitative
communities.
Using
engineering-inspired
approaches,
scientists
like
flow,
stiffness,
stretch
bending
behaviors,
highlighted
Tlili
al.
(2022)
Munger
(2022).
ability
quantitatively
map
measure
behaviors
imaging
facilitated
construction
three-dimensional
maps
developing
brain
(Rodriguez-Gatica
computational
reconstruction
neuronal
networks
(Räsänen
biological
at
play
during
molecular
luminogenesis
(Lobert
an
unappreciated
endoplasmic
reticulum
neural
progenitor
division
(bin
Imtiaz
2022).As
final
note,
would
point
out
flies,
frogs,
chickens,
mice
basic
principles
All
unique
strengths
weaknesses.
expanding
arsenal
does
not
diminish
vivo
importantly
overcomes
weaknesses
gives
us
more
diverse
set
work
with.
aims
embrace
diversity
so,
whatever
your
model,
hope
will
consider
submitting
very
best
journal.
It
really
ABSTRACT
Organisms
across
species
differ
in
the
relative
size
and
complexity
of
their
tissues
to
serve
specific
purposes
host.
Correct
timing
is
a
crucial
ingredient
development
tissues,
as
reaching
right
requires
careful
balance
between
cellular
proliferation
differentiation.
Premature
or
delayed
differentiation,
for
instance,
can
result
tissue
imbalance,
malformation
malfunction.
Despite
seemingly
rigid
constraints
on
development,
however,
there
flexibility
both
differentiation
trajectories
within
species.
In
this
Spotlight,
we
discuss
how
time
measured
regulated
question
whether
developmental
fact
different
Current Opinion in Genetics & Development,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
82, С. 102102 - 102102
Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023
During
early
development,
extrinsic
cues
prompt
a
collection
of
pluripotent
cells
to
begin
the
extensive
process
cellular
differentiation
that
gives
rise
all
tissues
in
mammalian
embryo,
known
as
gastrulation.
Advances
stem
cell
biology
have
resulted
generation
cell-based
vitro
models
gastrulation
called
gastruloids.
Gastruloids
and
subsequent
gastruloid-based
are
tractable,
scalable
more
accessible
than
embryos.
As
such,
they
opened
an
unprecedented
avenue
for
modelling
self-organisation,
patterning
fate
specification.
This
review
focuses
on
discussing
recent
advances
this
rapidly
moving
research
area,
clarifying
what
structures
model
underlying
signal
hierarchy.
We
highlight
exciting
potential
these
where
field
might
be
heading.
Organoids
and
stem-cell-based
embryo
models
(SEMs)
are
imperfect
organ
or
representations
that
explore
a
much
larger
space
of
possible
forms,
morphospace,
compared
to
their
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024
To
explore
the
effects
of
high-altitude
hypoxia
on
microenvironment
oocyte
development
and
fertilization
potential,
we
compared
metabolomic
patterns
follicular
fluid
from
women
living
in
different
altitude
areas
traced
their
maturation
subsequent
development.
A
total
315
clinical
cases
were
collected
divided
into
three
groups
according
to
residence
altitudes:
138
low-altitude
(<
2300
m)
group,
100
middle-altitude
(2300–2800
group
77
(>
2800
group.
The
outcomes
statistically
estimated,
including
hormonal
level,
maturation,
vitro
fertilization,
embryo
Meanwhile,
a
analysis
was
performed
using
ultra-high-performance
liquid
chromatography
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
differential
metabolites
analyzed
through
KEGG
pathway.
data
indicated
that
physical
condition
reproductive
hormone
secretion
similar
among
groups.
Although
personalized
gonadotropin-releasing
strategies
applied,
numbers
antral
follicles
obtained
oocytes
not
impacted
by
change.
In
culture,
maturing
rate,
fertility
rate
cleavage
with
other
However,
rates
high-quality
embryo,
formative
blastocyst,
available
blastocyst
gradually
decreased
rise
altitude.
Metabolome
identified
1193
female
fluid.
Differential
metabolic
components
remarkably
changed
elevation
These
closely
related
amino
acid
metabolism,
protein
digestion
absorption,
meiosis
steroid
biosynthesis.
alters
fluid,
which
could
damage
developmental
potential.
This
study
provides
diagnostic
basis
therapeutic
targets
for
research
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
7(4), С. 439 - 454
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023
Haematopoietic
stem
cells
(HSCs)
are
the
most
extensively
studied
adult
cells.
Yet,
six
decades
after
their
first
description,
reproducible
and
translatable
generation
of
HSC
in
vitro
remains
an
unmet
challenge.
production
is
confounded
by
multi-stage
nature
blood
during
development.
Specification
a
late
event
embryonic
depends
on
physical
chemical
cues
which
remain
incompletely
characterised.
The
precise
molecular
composition
themselves
understood,
limiting
approaches
to
track
origin
situ
appropriate
cellular,
mechanical
context.
Embryonic
material
at
point
emergence
limiting,
highlighting
need
for
model
haematopoietic
development
current
knowledge
gaps
can
be
addressed
exploited
enable
production.
Gastruloids
pluripotent
cell-derived
3-dimensional
(3D)
cellular
aggregates
recapitulate
developmental
events
gastrulation
early
organogenesis
with
spatial
temporal
precision.
self-organise
multi-tissue
structures
upon
minimal
controlled
external
cues,
amenable
live
imaging,
screening,
scaling
physicochemical
manipulation
understand
translate
tissue
formation.
In
this
review,
we
consider
potential
gastruloids
review
strategies
enhance
progenitor
We
highlight
possible
achieve
from
gastruloids,
discuss
gastruloid
systems
illuminating
specification.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023
ABSTRACT
The
cell
type-specific
expression
of
key
transcription
factors
is
central
to
development.
Brachyury/T/TBXT
a
major
factor
for
gastrulation,
tailbud
patterning,
and
notochord
formation;
however,
how
its
controlled
in
the
mammalian
has
remained
elusive.
Here,
we
identify
complement
notochord-specific
enhancers
gene.
Using
transgenic
assays
zebrafish,
axolotl,
mouse,
discover
three
Brachyury
-controlling
T3,
C
,
I
human,
marsupial
genomes.
Acting
as
Brachyury-responsive,
auto-regulatory
shadow
enhancers,
deletion
all
mouse
abolishes
Brachyury/T
selectively
notochord,
causing
specific
trunk
neural
tube
defects
without
gastrulation
or
defects.
Sequence
functional
conservation
-driving
with
brachyury/tbxtb
loci
from
diverse
lineages
fishes
dates
their
origin
last
common
ancestor
jawed
vertebrates.
Our
data
define
Brachyury/T/TBXTB
ancient
mechanism
axis
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
7(4), С. 455 - 464
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023
Metabolic
networks
are
well
placed
to
orchestrate
the
coordination
of
multiple
cellular
processes
associated
with
embryonic
development
such
as
cell
growth,
proliferation,
differentiation
and
movement.
Here,
we
discuss
advantages
that
gastruloids,
aggregates
mammalian
stem
cells
self-assemble
a
rudimentary
body
plan,
have
for
uncovering
instructive
role
metabolic
pathways
play
in
directing
developmental
processes.
We
emphasise
importance
using
reductionist
systems
link
specific
defined
events
early
their
utility
obtaining
enough
material
metabolomic
studies.
Finally,
review
ways
which
basic
gastruloid
protocol
can
be
adapted
obtain
models
types,
tissues
regions.
Together,
propose
gastruloids
an
ideal
system
rapidly
uncover
new
mechanistic
links
between
signalling
networks,
then
inform
precise
vivo
studies
confirm
function
embryo.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023
ABSTRACT
Kidney
organoids
derived
from
human
pluripotent
stem
cells
(hPSCs)
lack
a
contiguous
network
of
collecting
ducts,
which
limits
their
utility
in
modeling
kidney
development
and
disease.
Here,
we
report
the
generation
containing
ureteric
bud
(UB)-derived
ducts
connected
to
metanephric
mesenchyme
(MM)-derived
nephrons
using
developmentally-inspired
hypoxic
differentiation
conditions.
Hypoxia
promotes
reiterative
process
branching
morphogenesis
nephron
induction
through
reciprocal
interactions
between
co-induced
MM
UB,
lead
higher-order
organogenesis
vitro
.
The
resulting
demonstrate
greater
maturity,
as
indicated
by
higher
levels
functional
markers
more
realistic
micro-anatomy
tubules
ducts.
Additionally,
these
hypoxic-enhanced
show
great
potential
models
for
renal
cystic
diseases,
they
efficiently
generate
formations
display
high
sensitivity
drugs.
This
hypoxia
approach
may
open
new
avenues
an
enhanced
understanding
diseases.
Aydan
Bulut-Karslioglu
is
a
Group
Leader
at
the
Max
Planck
Institute
for
Molecular
Genetics,
Germany,
where
her
research
focuses
on
epigenetic
and
metabolic
mechanisms
regulating
embryonic
development.
After
completing
undergraduate
degree
in
chemical
engineering,
shifted
focus
to
molecular
biology
Master's
epigenetics
during
PhD
Thomas
Jenuwein's
lab.
stint
USA
postdoc
University
of
California,
San
Francisco
(UCSF),
was
awarded
Sofja
Kovalevskaja
Award
move
back
Europe
2018
start
own
Since
then,
has
been
Development's
Outstanding
Paper
Prize
2022
and,
most
recently,
European
Research
Council
Starting
Grant
2023.
We
caught
up
with
over
Zoom
hear
more
about
path
from
engineering
genetics,
what
it
means
be
these
prizes.
