The
magnificent
stress-resistant
mechanism,
capacity
to
transform
extreme
abiotic
factors
as
triggers
for
genetic
modulation
and
physiological
evolution,
synced
speciation
in
response
altered
environment,
highly
innovative
succession
cum
resource
management
skill
have
crowned
the
microorganisms
"specialist
messenger
of
life"
that
thrive
under
conditions.
However,
recent
decade,
ubiquitous
fungi
gathered
attention
after
archaea
bacteria
their
versatile
ecological
adaptation,
morphological
resilience,
biochemical
flexibility
allowed
them
sustain
flourish
nature's
deadliest
environmental
inhospitable
temperature,
pressure,
radiation,
desiccation,
salinity,
pH
(both
acidic
basic)-induced
stress
has
capacitated
a
large
number
extremophilic
with
better
sustainability
factors.
"extraterrestrial"
type
existence
been
reported
from
hostile
lethal
niches
like
frozen
world
Antarctic
Arctic,
deep
sea
ice
hydrothermal
vents,
hot
springs,
areas
high
salt
concentration,
barren
desert
climate,
toxic
heavy
metal
organic
matter
polluted
regions,
ocean
trenches
radiation
contaminated
zones,
etc.
phylogenetic
diversity
is
complex
exactly
multidimensional
mechanism
primary
secondary
management,
niche
utilization,
metabolism.
From
bed
life-enriched
rainforests
worlds
full
materials
fluctuating
this
eukaryotic
group
manifested
great
evolutionary
plasticity
molecular
strategies
are
center
interdisciplinary
research
connects
biology,
astrobiology,
biochemistry,
ecology,
many
related
fields
science.
modification
make-up
introduction
specialized
survival
technique
controlled
via
manipulation
metabolic
pathways
not
only
associated
successful
colonization
these
fungal
members
but
also
important
terms
exploration
natural
products
unexplored
sources.
Current Research in Microbial Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
3, С. 100134 - 100134
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Extremophiles
are
organisms
that
can
survive
and
thrive
in
conditions
termed
as
"extreme"
by
human
beings.
Conventional
methods
cannot
be
applied
under
extreme
like
temperature
pH
fluctuations,
high
salinity,
etc.
for
a
variety
of
reasons.
function
adapted
to
these
environments
sustainable,
cheaper,
efficient,
therefore,
they
serve
better
alternatives
the
traditional
methods.
They
adapt
with
biochemical
physiological
changes
produce
products
extremolytes,
extremozymes,
biosurfactants,
etc.,
which
found
useful
wide
range
industries
sustainable
agriculture,
food,
cosmetics,
pharmaceuticals.
These
also
play
crucial
role
bioremediation,
production
biofuels,
biorefinery,
astrobiology.
This
review
paper
comprehensively
lists
out
current
applications
extremophiles
their
various
explores
prospects
same.
help
us
understand
underlying
basis
biological
mechanisms
exploring
boundaries
life
thus
origin
evolution
on
Earth.
helps
research
extra-terrestrial
space
exploration.
The
structure
properties
along
any
possible
long-term
effects
need
investigated
further.
Annual Review of Biophysics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
50(1), С. 343 - 372
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2021
Sampling
and
genomic
efforts
over
the
past
decade
have
revealed
an
enormous
quantity
diversity
of
life
in
Earth's
extreme
environments.
This
new
knowledge
on
Earth
poses
challenge
understandingits
molecular
basis
such
inhospitable
conditions,
given
that
conditions
lead
to
loss
structure
function
biomolecules
from
mesophiles.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
physicochemical
properties
We
present
state
recent
progress
environmental
genomics.
then
overview
our
current
understanding
biomolecular
adaptation
conditions.
As
future
structure-function
relationships
extremophiles
requires
methodologies
adapted
extremes
pressure,
temperature,
chemical
composition,
advances
instrumentation
for
probing
biophysical
under
are
presented.
Finally,
briefly
possible
directions
biophysics.
Microbial Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract
Global
climate
changes
threaten
food
security,
necessitating
urgent
measures
to
enhance
agricultural
productivity
and
expand
it
into
areas
less
for
agronomy.
This
challenge
is
crucial
in
achieving
Sustainable
Development
Goal
2
(Zero
Hunger).
Plant
growth‐promoting
microorganisms
(PGPM),
bacteria
fungi,
emerge
as
a
promising
solution
mitigate
the
impact
of
extremes
on
agriculture.
The
concept
plant
holobiont,
encompassing
host
its
symbiotic
microbiota,
underscores
intricate
relationships
with
diverse
microbial
community.
PGPM,
residing
rhizosphere,
phyllosphere,
endosphere,
play
vital
roles
nutrient
solubilization,
nitrogen
fixation,
biocontrol
pathogens.
Novel
ecological
functions,
including
epigenetic
modifications
suppression
virulence
genes,
extend
our
understanding
PGPM
strategies.
biofertilizers,
biocontrollers,
biomodulators,
more
contribute
sustainable
agriculture
environmental
resilience.
Despite
fungi's
remarkable
their
potential
often
overshadowed
compared
bacteria.
Arbuscular
mycorrhizal
fungi
(AMF)
form
mutualistic
symbiosis
many
terrestrial
plants,
enhancing
nutrition,
growth,
stress
resistance.
Other
filamentous,
yeasts,
polymorphic,
from
endophytic,
saprophytic,
offer
unique
attributes
such
ubiquity,
morphology,
endurance
harsh
environments,
positioning
them
exceptional
(PGPF).
Crops
frequently
face
abiotic
stresses
like
salinity,
drought,
high
UV
doses
extreme
temperatures.
Some
extremotolerant
strains
genera
Trichoderma
,
Penicillium
Fusarium
others,
have
been
studied
beneficial
interactions
plants.
Presented
examples
capabilities
alleviating
other
underscore
applications
In
this
context,
extremophilic
populating
natural
environments
are
muchless
investigated.
They
represent
both
new
challenges
opportunities.
As
global
evolves,
harnessing
mechanisms
fungal‐plant
interactions,
especially
paramount
developing
effective
safe
probiotics
using
biocontrollers
against
phytopathogens.
Thorough
assessments,
comprehensive
methodologies,
cautious
approach
leveraging
benefits
changing
landscape
agriculture,
ensuring
security
challenges.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
21(12), С. 4228 - 4228
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2020
Extreme
microorganisms
(extremophile)
are
organisms
that
inhabit
environments
characterized
by
inhospitable
parameters
for
most
live
beings
(extreme
temperatures
and
pH
values,
high
or
low
ionic
strength,
pressure,
scarcity
of
nutrients).
To
grow
optimally
under
these
conditions,
extremophiles
have
evolved
molecular
adaptations
affecting
their
physiology,
metabolism,
cell
signaling,
etc.
Due
to
peculiarities
in
terms
physiology
they
become
good
models
(i)
understanding
the
limits
life
on
Earth,
(ii)
exploring
possible
existence
extraterrestrial
(Astrobiology),
(iii)
look
potential
applications
biotechnology.
Recent
research
has
revealed
extremophilic
microbes
play
key
roles
all
biogeochemical
cycles
Earth.
Nitrogen
cycle
(N-cycle)
is
one
important
nature;
thanks
it,
nitrogen
converted
into
multiple
chemical
forms,
which
circulate
among
atmospheric,
terrestrial
aquatic
ecosystems.
This
review
summarizes
recent
knowledge
role
extreme
N-cycle
ecosystems,
with
special
emphasis
members
Archaea
domain.
Potential
implications
global
warming
balance,
as
well
biotechnological
also
discussed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(8), С. 4189 - 4189
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2022
Salty
environments
are
widely
known
to
be
inhospitable
most
microorganisms.
For
centuries
salt
has
been
used
as
a
food
preservative,
while
highly
saline
were
considered
uninhabited
by
organisms,
and
if
habited,
only
prokaryotic
ones.
Nowadays,
we
know
that
filamentous
fungi
widespread
in
many
habitats
very
often
characterized
also
other
extremes,
for
example,
low
or
high
temperature,
lack
of
light,
pressure,
water
activity.
However,
still
the
least
understood
organisms
among
halophiles,
even
though
they
have
shown
counteract
these
unfavorable
conditions
producing
multiple
secondary
metabolites
with
interesting
properties
unique
biomolecules
one
their
survival
strategies.
In
this
review,
focused
on
obtained
from
halophilic
such
enzymes,
pigments,
biosurfactants,
osmoprotectants.
Communications Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2022
Trimethylamine
N-oxide
(TMAO)
protects
organisms
from
the
damaging
effects
of
high
pressure.
At
molecular
level
both
TMAO
and
pressure
perturb
water
structure
but
it
is
not
understood
how
they
act
in
combination.
Here,
we
use
neutron
scattering
coupled
with
computational
modelling
to
provide
atomistic
insight
into
under
at
4
kbar
presence
absence
TMAO.
The
data
reveal
that
resists
pressure-induced
perturbation
structure,
particularly
retaining
a
clear
second
solvation
shell,
enhanced
hydrogen
bonding
between
molecules
strong
-
bonds.
We
calculate
an
'osmolyte
protection'
ratio
which
TMAO-induced
energy
changes
effectively
cancel
out.
Remarkably
this
translates
across
scales
organism
level,
matching
observed
concentration
dependence
muscle
tissue
as
function
depth.
Osmolyte
protection
may
therefore
offer
mechanism
for
macroscale
survival
life
extreme
environments.
