Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2021
Glomerular
podocytes
are
characterized
by
terminally
differentiated
epithelial
cells
with
limited
proliferating
ability;
thus,
podocyte
loss
could
not
be
fully
compensated
regeneration.
A
large
body
of
clinical
studies
collectively
demonstrated
that
correlated
glomerular
diseases
progression.
Both
death
and
detachment
lead
to
loss;
however,
which
one
is
the
main
cause
remains
controversial.
Up
date,
multiple
mechanisms
involved
in
death,
including
programmed
apoptotic
cell
(apoptosis
anoikis),
nonapoptotic
(autophagy,
entosis,
podoptosis),
immune-related
(pyroptosis),
other
types
(necroptosis
mitotic
catastrophe-related
death).
Apoptosis
considered
a
common
mechanism
most
data
were
generated
vitro
evidence
vivo
apoptosis
limited.
The
isolation
urine
subsequent
culture
urinary
suggest
viable
another
important
for
loss.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
address
controversial
topic
on
specific
circumstances
Cells,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(10), С. 2712 - 2712
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2021
Forming
the
inner
layer
of
vascular
system,
endothelial
cells
(ECs)
facilitate
a
multitude
crucial
physiological
processes
throughout
body.
Vascular
ECs
enable
vessel
wall
passage
nutrients
and
diffusion
oxygen
from
blood
into
adjacent
cellular
structures.
regulate
tone
coagulation
as
well
adhesion
transmigration
circulating
cells.
The
EC
functions
is
reflected
by
tremendous
diversity.
can
form
extremely
tight
barriers,
thereby
restricting
xenobiotics
or
immune
cell
invasion,
whereas,
in
other
organ
systems,
fenestrated
(e.g.,
glomeruli
kidney),
discontinuous
liver
sinusoids)
less
dense
to
allow
for
rapid
molecular
exchange.
not
only
differ
between
organs
they
also
change
along
tree
specialized
subpopulations
be
found
within
capillaries
single
organ.
Molecular
tools
that
selective
targeting
are
helpful
experimentally
dissect
role
distinct
populations,
improve
imaging
pave
way
novel
treatment
options
diseases.
This
review
provides
an
overview
diversity
highlights
most
successful
methods
subpopulations.
The
kidney
is
a
highly
metabolic
organ
and
uses
high
levels
of
ATP
to
maintain
electrolyte
acid-base
homeostasis
reabsorb
nutrients.
Energy
depletion
critical
factor
in
development
progression
various
diseases
including
acute
injury
(AKI),
chronic
disease
(CKD),
diabetic
glomerular
nephropathy.
Mitochondrial
fatty
acid
β-oxidation
(FAO)
serves
as
the
preferred
source
its
dysfunction
results
lipotoxicity
elicit
tubular
inflammation
subsequent
fibrosis
progression.
This
review
explores
current
state
knowledge
on
role
mitochondrial
FAO
pathophysiology
AKI
CKD
prospective
views
developing
therapeutic
interventions
based
energy
metabolism.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(20), С. 11182 - 11182
Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2021
In
recent
years,
several
publications
reported
that
nanoparticles
larger
than
the
kidney
filtration
threshold
were
found
intact
in
urine
after
being
injected
into
laboratory
mice.
This
theoretically
should
not
be
possible,
as
it
is
widely
known
kidneys
prevent
molecules
6-8
nm
from
escaping
urine.
interesting
because
implies
some
can
overcome
size
limit
for
renal
clearance.
What
kinds
of
"bypass"
glomerular
barrier
and
cross
urine?
physical
chemical
characteristics
are
essential
to
have
this
ability?
And
what
biomolecular
cellular
mechanisms
involved?
review
attempts
answer
those
questions
summarize
reports
renal-clearable
large
nanoparticles.
Autoimmunity Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
20(12), С. 102980 - 102980
Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2021
Kidney
involvement
confers
significant
morbidity
and
mortality
in
patients
with
systemic
lupus
erythematosus
(SLE).
The
pathogenesis
of
nephritis
(LN)
involves
diverse
mechanisms
instigated
by
elements
the
autoimmune
response
which
alter
biology
kidney
resident
cells.
Processes
glomeruli
interstitium
may
proceed
independently
albeit
crosstalk
between
two
is
inevitable.
Podocytes,
mesangial
cells,
tubular
epithelial
macrophages
stromal
cells
input
from
cytokines
autoantibodies
present
circulation
expression
enzymes,
produce
chemokines
lead
to
their
injury
damage
kidney.
Several
these
molecules
can
be
targeted
prevent
reverse
failure.
Tertiary
lymphoid
structures
true
germinal
centers
are
kidneys
have
been
increasingly
recognized
associate
poorer
renal
outcomes.
Stromal
high
endothelial
vessel
lymphatic
venule
enable
formation
composed
a
T-cell-rich
zone
mature
dendritic
next
B-cell
follicle
characteristics
center
surrounded
plasma
Following
an
overview
on
interaction
immune
we
discuss
cellular
molecular
events
tertiary
mice
nephritis.
In
parallel,
processes
that
therapeutically
presented.
Materials Advances,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
3(21), С. 7946 - 7959
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Lysozyme
hydrolyses
β-(1,4)
linkages
between
d
-glucosamine
and
N
-acetyl-
units
in
chitosan,
degrades
one
of
the
bifunctional
crosslinks
chitosan–genipin
hydrogels.
Degraded
particles
have
potential
to
be
renally
excreted
vivo
.
Studying
the
spatial
distribution
of
proteins
provides
basis
for
understanding
biology,
molecular
repertoire,
and
architecture
every
human
cell.
The
Human
Protein
Atlas
(HPA)
has
grown
into
one
world's
largest
biological
databases,
in
most
recent
version,
a
major
update
structure
database
was
performed.
data
now
been
organized
10
different
comprehensive
sections,
each
summarizing
aspects
proteome
protein-coding
genes.
In
particular,
large
datasets
with
information
on
single
cell
type
level
have
integrated,
refining
tissue
specificity
detailing
expression
states
an
increased
resolution.
multi-modal
constitute
important
resource
both
basic
translational
science,
hold
promise
integration
novel
emerging
technologies
at
protein
RNA
level.
Organ-on-chip
(OOC)
systems
are
revolutionizing
tissue
engineering
by
providing
dynamic
models
of
structure,
organ-level
function,
and
disease
phenotypes
using
human
cells.
However,
nonbiological
components
OOC
devices
often
limit
the
recapitulation
in
vivo–like
tissue-tissue
cross-talk
morphogenesis.
Here,
we
engineered
a
kidney
glomerulus-on-a-chip
that
recapitulates
glomerular
morphogenesis
barrier
function
biomimetic
ultrathin
membrane
human-induced
pluripotent
stem
The
resulting
chip
comprised
proximate
epithelial-endothelial
interface,
which
reconstituted
selective
molecular
filtration
healthy
diseased
kidneys.
In
addition,
fenestrated
endothelium
was
successfully
induced
from
cells
an
device,
through
paracrine
signaling
across
membrane.
Thus,
this
device
provides
platform
for
modeling
kidney–specific
enabling
mechanistic
studies
cell
differentiation,
organ
physiology,
pathophysiology.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(1), С. 647 - 647
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024
Podocyte
injury
can
disrupt
the
glomerular
filtration
barrier
(GFB),
leading
to
podocytopathies
that
emphasize
podocytes
as
glomerulus’s
key
organizer.
The
coordinated
cytoskeleton
is
essential
for
supporting
elegant
structure
and
complete
functions
of
podocytes.
Therefore,
rearrangement
closely
related
pathogenesis
podocytopathies.
In
podocytopathies,
refers
significant
alterations
in
a
string
slit
diaphragm
(SD)
focal
adhesion
proteins
such
signaling
node
nephrin,
calcium
influx
via
transient
receptor
potential
channel
6
(TRPC6),
regulation
Rho
family,
eventually
disorganization
original
cytoskeletal
architecture.
Thus,
it
imperative
focus
on
these
pathways
probe
this
review,
we
describe
podocyte
cytoskeleton,
then
discuss
molecular
mechanisms
involved
summarize
effects
currently
existing
drugs
regulating
cytoskeleton.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(2), С. 416 - 416
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2025
Background:
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
Nlrp3
inflammasome
activation
is
importantly
involved
in
podocyte
dysfunction
induced
by
nicotine.
The
present
study
was
designed
to
test
whether
acid
sphingomyelinase
(Asm)
and
ceramide
signaling
play
a
role
mediating
nicotine-induced
subsequent
damage.
Methods
Results:
Nicotine
treatment
significantly
increased
the
Asm
expression
production
compared
control
cells.
However,
prior
with
amitriptyline,
an
inhibitor
attenuated
production.
Confocal
microscopic
biochemical
analyses
showed
nicotine
colocalization
of
NLRP3
Asc,
vs.
caspase-1,
IL-1β
production,
caspase-1
activity,
desmin
podocytes
Pretreatment
amitriptyline
abolished
activity
expression.
Immunofluorescence
decreased
podocin
reduction.
In
addition,
cell
permeability,
O2
apoptosis
podocytes.
Conclusions:
one
important
mediators
injury.
may
be
therapeutic
target
for
or
prevention
glomerulosclerosis
associated
smoking.
