Biostimulant Action of Protein Hydrolysates: Unraveling Their Effects on Plant Physiology and Microbiome

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2017

Plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) have gained prominence as plant biostimulants because of their potential to increase the germination, productivity and quality a wide range horticultural agronomic crops. Application PHs can also alleviate negative effects abiotic stress due salinity, drought heavy metals. Recent studies aimed at uncovering mechanisms regulating these beneficial indicate that could be directly affecting plants by stimulating carbon nitrogen metabolism, interfering with hormonal activity. Indirect play role enhance nutrient availability in growth substrates, uptake nutrient-use efficiency plants. Moreover, stimulation microbiomes. Plants are colonized an abundant diverse assortment microbial taxa help acquire nutrients water withstand biotic stress. The substrates provided PHs, such amino acids, provide ideal food source for plant-associated microbes. Indeed, recent evidence microbiomes modified application supporting hypothesis might acting, least part, via changes composition activity communities. has great meet twin challenges feeding growing population while minimizing agriculture's impact on human health environment. However, fully realize further required shed light conferring products, well identify product formulations methods optimize benefits under agro-ecological conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Caterpillars lack a resident gut microbiome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 114(36), С. 9641 - 9646

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2017

Many animals are inhabited by microbial symbionts that influence their hosts' development, physiology, ecological interactions, and evolutionary diversification. However, firm evidence for the existence functional importance of resident microbiomes in larval Lepidoptera (caterpillars) is lacking, despite fact these insects enormously diverse, major agricultural pests, dominant herbivores many ecosystems. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing quantitative PCR, we characterized gut wild leaf-feeding caterpillars United States Costa Rica, representing 124 species from 15 families. Compared with other vertebrates assayed using same methods, microbes detected caterpillar guts were unusually low-density variable among individuals. Furthermore, abundance composition leaf-associated reflected feces consuming plants. Thus, ingested food present (although possibly dead or dormant) gut, but host-specific, largely absent. To test whether transient might still contribute to feeding conducted an experiment on field-collected model Manduca sexta Antibiotic suppression bacterial activity did not significantly affect weight gain, survival. The high pH, simple structure, fast transit times typify digestive physiology may prevent colonization. Moreover, host-encoded detoxification mechanisms likely render unnecessary herbivory. Caterpillars illustrate potential benefits independence symbionts, a lifestyle be widespread animals.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota and the social brain

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 366(6465)

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2019

Sociability can facilitate mutually beneficial outcomes such as division of labor, cooperative care, and increased immunity, but sociability also promote negative outcomes, including aggression coercion. Accumulating evidence suggests that symbiotic microorganisms, specifically the microbiota reside within gastrointestinal system, may influence neurodevelopment programming social behaviors across diverse animal species. This relationship between host microbes hints host-microbiota interactions have influenced evolution behaviors. Indeed, is used by certain species a means to communication among conspecifics. Further understanding how brain in nature be helpful for elucidating causal mechanisms underlying generating new therapeutic strategies disorders humans, autism spectrum (ASDs).

Язык: Английский

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The Natural Biotic Environment ofCaenorhabditis elegans

Genetics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 206(1), С. 55 - 86

Опубликована: Май 1, 2017

Abstract Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of ecological parameters are thus key importance for our understanding an organism’s biology. Curiously, the ecology model species Caenorhabditis elegans has long been neglected, even though this nematode become one most intensively studied models biological research. This lack interest changed ∼10 yr ago. Since then, increasing number studies have focused on nematode’s ecology. Yet many unknowns still remain. Here, we provide overview currently available information environment C. elegans. We focus biotic environment, which is usually less predictable and can create high selective constraints that likely had a strong impact evolution. particularly abundant microbe-rich environments, especially rotting plant matter such as decomposing fruits stems. In it part complex interaction network, shaped by species-rich microbial community. These microbes be food, beneficial gut microbiome, parasites pathogens, possibly competitors. additionally confronted with predators; interacts vector organisms facilitate dispersal new habitats, also competitors similar food including from congeneric same species. Full appreciation biology warrants further exploration its subsequent integration into well-established laboratory-based research approaches.

Язык: Английский

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The native microbiome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: gateway to a new host-microbiome model

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Май 9, 2016

Host-microbe associations underlie many key processes of host development, immunity, and life history. Yet, none the current research on central model species Caenorhabditis elegans considers worm's natural microbiome. Instead, almost all laboratories exclusively use canonical strain N2 derived mutants, maintained through routine bleach sterilization in monoxenic cultures with an E. coli as food. Here, we characterize for first time native microbiome C. assess its influence nematode history characteristics. Nematodes sampled directly from their habitats carry a species-rich bacterial community, dominated by Proteobacteria such Enterobacteriaceae members genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Ochrobactrum, Sphingomonas. The is distinct that environment congeneric remanei. Exposure to experimental revealed composition influenced developmental stage genotype. These experiments also showed microbes enhance fitness under standard stressful conditions (e.g., high temperature either low or osmolarity). Taking advantage nematode's transparency, further demonstrate several are able enter gut Ochrobactrum isolate even seems be persist intestines conditions. Moreover, three Pseudomonas isolates produce anti-fungal effect vitro which show can contribute defense against fungal pathogens vivo. This systematic analysis reveals community associated elegans, likely importance our understanding biology. information acquired microbial now available work establishes tractable in-depth dissection host-microbiome interactions.

Язык: Английский

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