Microbiome interactions shape host fitness

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 115(51)

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2018

Gut bacteria can affect key aspects of host fitness, such as development, fecundity, and lifespan, while the host, in turn, shapes gut microbiome. However, it is unclear to what extent individual species versus community interactions within microbiome are linked fitness. Here, we combinatorially dissect natural Drosophila melanogaster reveal that between shape fitness through life history tradeoffs. Empirically, made germ-free flies colonized with each possible combination five core fly bacteria. We measured resulting bacterial abundances traits, including reproduction, lifespan. The promoted diversity, which, accelerated aging: Flies reproduced more died sooner. From these measurements, calculated impact on by adapting mathematics genetic epistasis Development fecundity converged higher suggesting minimal dependence interactions. lifespan were highly dependent species. Higher-order (involving three, four, species) occurred 13-44% cases depending trait, same affecting multiple a reflection tradeoff. Overall, found frequently context-dependent often had magnitude themselves, indicating be important microbiomes.

Язык: Английский

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Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive Tract of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 210(2), С. 357 - 396

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2018

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract has recently come to the forefront of multiple research fields. It is now recognized as a major source signals modulating food intake, insulin secretion and energy balance. also key player in immunity and, through its interaction with microbiota, can shape our physiology behavior complex sometimes unexpected ways. insect intestine had remained, by comparison, relatively unexplored until identification adult somatic stem cells Drosophila over decade ago. Since then, growing scientific community exploited genetic amenability this organ powerful creative By doing so, we have shed light on broad range biological questions revolving around their niches, interorgan signaling immunity. Despite recent discovery, some mechanisms active flies already been shown be more widely applicable other systems, may therefore become relevant context human pathologies such cancers, aging, or obesity. This review summarizes current knowledge both formation function melanogaster digestive tract, focus main digestive/absorptive portion: strikingly adaptable midgut.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary and Ecological Consequences of Gut Microbial Communities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 50(1), С. 451 - 475

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2019

Animals are distinguished by having guts—organs that must extract nutrients from food yet also bar invasion pathogens. Most guts colonized nonpathogenic microorganisms, but the functions of these microbes, or even reasons why they occur in gut, vary widely among animals. Sometimes microorganisms have codiversified with hosts; sometimes live mostly elsewhere environment. Either way, gut often benefit hosts. Benefits may reflect evolutionary addiction, whereby hosts incorporate into normal developmental processes. But benefits include novel ecological capabilities; for example, many metazoan clades exist virtue communities enabling new dietary niches. immensely their dependence on lacking them entirely to using as obligate development, nutrition, protection. Many consequences can be ascribed microbial community processes and host's ability shape

Язык: Английский

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A neurotransmitter produced by gut bacteria modulates host sensory behaviour

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 583(7816), С. 415 - 420

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Simple animal models for microbiome research

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(12), С. 764 - 775

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Co-evolution and Co-speciation of Host-Gut Bacteria Systems

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(1), С. 12 - 22

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2020

Mammalian gut microbiomes profoundly influence host fitness, but the processes that drive evolution of host-microbiome systems are poorly understood. Recent studies suggest mammals and their individual symbionts can have parallel evolutionary histories, as represented by congruent phylogenies. These "co-phylogenetic" patterns signatures ancient co-speciation events illustrate cohesiveness mammalian host-gut microbiome entity over times. Theory predicts between could result from co-evolution. However, there is only limited evidence such Here, we propose a model explains cophylogenetic without relying on Specifically, bacteria likely to diverge in recapitulating phylogeny when hosts undergo allopatric speciation, limiting inter-host bacterial dispersal genomic recombination. We provide empirically grounded series observational experimental approaches test its validity.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-Derived Lactate Activates Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by the Intestinal NADPH Oxidase Nox and Shortens Drosophila Lifespan

Immunity, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 49(5), С. 929 - 942.e5

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Drosophila Antimicrobial Peptides and Lysozymes Regulate Gut Microbiota Composition and Abundance

mBio, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(4)

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2021

The gut microbiota affects the physiology and metabolism of animals its alteration can lead to diseases such as dysplasia or metabolic disorders. Several reports have shown that immune system plays an important role in shaping both bacterial community composition abundance Drosophila, deficit, especially during aging, negatively richness diversity. However, there has been little study at effector level demonstrate how pathways regulate microbiota. A key set Drosophila effectors are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which confer defense upon systemic infection. AMPs lysozymes, a group digestive enzymes with properties, expressed good candidates for regulation. Here, we take advantage model organism melanogaster investigate lysozymes regulation structure Using flies lacking newly generated lysozyme mutants, colonized gnotobiotic defined commensal bacteria analyzed changes vertical transmission aging contexts through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our shows and, lesser extent, necessary total relative We also decouple direct function from deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway regulates but many other processes, more narrowly defining these microbial dysbiosis observed IMD-deficient aging. IMPORTANCE This advances current knowledge field host-microbe interactions by demonstrating two families effectors, actively abundance. Consequences loss exacerbated their contributes increased shifted old flies. work typically associated resistance pathogenic infections, help shape beneficial community, consistent idea host-symbiont use same "language" pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying gut microbiota–host interactions in insects

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 224(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2021

ABSTRACT Insects are the most diverse group of animals and colonize almost all environments on our planet. This diversity is reflected in structure function microbial communities inhabiting insect digestive system. As mammals, gut microbiota insects can have important symbiotic functions, complementing host nutrition, facilitating dietary breakdown or providing protection against pathogens. There an increasing number models that experimentally tractable, mechanistic studies microbiota–host interactions. In this Review, we will summarize recent findings advanced understanding molecular mechanisms underlying symbiosis between their microbiota. We open article with a general introduction to then turn towards discussion particular processes governing colonization environment as well beneficial roles mediated by The Review highlights that, although active field research implications for fundamental applied science, still early stage mechanisms. However, expanding capability culture microbiomes manipulate microbe–host interactions promises new insights from symbioses.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Insects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 5753 - 5753

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules. AMPs important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity. In addition to these well-known roles, exhibit many other, often unobvious, functions host. They support elimination viral infections. participate regulation brain-controlled processes, e.g., sleep non-associative learning. By influencing neuronal health, communication, activity, they can affect functioning insect nervous system. Expansion AMP repertoire loss their specificity is connected aging process lifespan insects. Moreover, take part maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating number endosymbionts as well reducing foreign microbiota. turn, presence venom prevents spread infection social insects, where prey may be source pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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