Ecology-relevant bacteria drive the evolution of host antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(6655)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides are host-encoded immune effectors that combat pathogens and shape the microbiome in plants animals. However, little is known about how host antimicrobial peptide repertoire adapted to its microbiome. Here, we characterized function evolution of Diptericin family Diptera. Using mutations affecting two Diptericins ( Dpt ) Drosophila melanogaster , reveal specific role DptA for pathogen Providencia rettgeri DptB gut mutualist Acetobacter . The presence DptA- or DptB- like genes across Diptera correlates with their environment. Moreover, sequences predict resistance against infection by these bacteria genus Our study explains evolutionary logic behind bursts rapid an reveals adapts changing microbial environments.

Язык: Английский

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A symbiotic physical niche in Drosophila melanogaster regulates stable association of a multi-species gut microbiota

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 21, 2023

Abstract The gut is continuously invaded by diverse bacteria from the diet and environment, yet microbiome composition relatively stable over time for host species ranging mammals to insects, suggesting host-specific factors may selectively maintain key of bacteria. To investigate specificity, we used gnotobiotic Drosophila , microbial pulse-chase protocols, microscopy stability different strains in fly gut. We show that a host-constructed physical niche foregut binds with strain-level stabilizing their colonization. Primary colonizers saturate exclude secondary same strain, but initial colonization Lactobacillus physically remodels through production glycan-rich secretion favor unrelated commensals Acetobacter genus. Our results provide mechanistic framework understanding establishment multi-species intestinal microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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Links between metamorphosis and symbiosis in holometabolous insects

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 374(1783), С. 20190068 - 20190068

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2019

Many animals depend on microbial symbionts to provide nutrition, defence or other services. Holometabolous insects, as well that undergo metamorphosis, face unique constraints symbiont maintenance. Microbes present in larvae encounter a radical transformation of their habitat and may also need withstand chemical immunological challenges. Metamorphosis provides an opportunity, symbiotic associations can be decoupled over development. For example, some holometabolous insects maintain the same adults, but house it different tissues; species, adults harbour entirely types numbers microbes, accordance with shifts host diet habitat. Such flexibility advantage hemimetabolous which selection adult-stage constrained by its negative effects immature stages, vice versa. Additionally, metamorphosis itself directly influenced symbionts. Across disparate insect taxa, microbes protect hosts from pathogen infection, supply nutrients essential for rebuilding adult body cues regulating pupation. However, remain completely unstudied many families even orders Holometabola, future research will undoubtedly reveal more links between microbiota, two widespread features animal life. This article is part theme issue ‘The evolution complete metamorphosis’.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic cross-feeding in imbalanced diets allows gut microbes to improve reproduction and alter host behaviour

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2020

Abstract The impact of commensal bacteria on the host arises from complex microbial-diet-host interactions. Mapping metabolic interactions in gut microbial communities is therefore key to understand how microbiome influences host. Here we use an interdisciplinary approach including isotope-resolved metabolomics show that Drosophila melanogaster, Acetobacter pomorum ( Ap ) and Lactobacillus plantarum Lp a syntrophic relationship established overcome detrimental diets identify as bacterium altering host’s feeding decisions. Specifically, uses lactate produced by supply amino acids are essential , allowing it grow imbalanced diets. Lactate also necessary sufficient for alter fly’s protein appetite. Our data bacterial become resilient These ensure constant flow metabolites used reproduction behaviour.

Язык: Английский

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Drosophila-associated bacteria differentially shape the nutritional requirements of their host during juvenile growth

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(3), С. e3000681 - e3000681

Опубликована: Март 20, 2020

The interplay between nutrition and the microbial communities colonizing gastrointestinal tract (i.e., gut microbiota) determines juvenile growth trajectory. Nutritional deficiencies trigger developmental delays, an immature microbiota is a hallmark of pathologies related to childhood undernutrition. However, how host-associated bacteria modulate impact on remains elusive. Here, using gnotobiotic Drosophila melanogaster larvae independently associated with Acetobacter pomorumWJL (ApWJL) Lactobacillus plantarumNC8 (LpNC8), 2 model Drosophila-associated bacteria, we performed large-scale, systematic nutritional screen based larval in 40 different precisely controlled environments. We combined these results genome-based metabolic network reconstruction define biosynthetic capacities germ-free (GF) its bacterial partners. first established that ApWJL LpNC8 differentially fulfill requirements ex-GF parsed such difference down individual amino acids, vitamins, other micronutrients, trace metals. found not only fortify host's diet essential nutrients but, specific instances, functionally compensate for host auxotrophies by either providing intermediate or nutrient derivative uptaking, concentrating, delivering contaminant traces micronutrients. Our work reveals beyond molecular dialogue engaged partners, establish integrated relying provision utilization.

Язык: Английский

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Mitochondria, the gut microbiome and ROS

Cellular Signalling, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 75, С. 109737 - 109737

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Intestine of Drosophila melanogaster: An Emerging Versatile Model System to Study Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Host-Microbial Interactions in Humans

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7(9), С. 336 - 336

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2019

In all metazoans, the intestinal tract is an essential organ to integrate nutritional signaling, hormonal cues and immunometabolic networks. The dysregulation of epithelium functions can impact organism physiology and, in humans, leads devastating complex diseases, such as inflammatory bowel cancers, obesity. Two decades ago, discovery immune response intestine genetic model system, Drosophila melanogaster, sparked interest using this dissect mechanisms that govern gut (patho) humans. 2007, finding stem cell lineage, followed by development tools available for its manipulation vivo, helped elucidate structural organization fly similarity with mammalian gastrointestinal systems. To date, studies have already shed light on a broad range biological questions regarding cells their niches, interorgan communication, immunity immunometabolism, making promising human enteric studies. This review summarizes our current knowledge structure melanogaster intestine, asserting validity emerging system study physiology, regeneration, defenses host-microbiota interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Drosophila as a model for the gut microbiome

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 16(4), С. e1008398 - e1008398

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The microbiota influences the Drosophila melanogaster life history strategy

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(3), С. 639 - 653

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2019

Abstract Organisms are locally adapted when members of a population have fitness advantage in one location relative to conspecifics other geographies. For example, across latitudinal gradients, some organisms may trade off between traits that maximize components one, but not both, somatic maintenance or reproductive output. Latitudinal gradients life history strategies traditionally attributed environmental selection on an animal's genotype, without any consideration the possible impact associated microorganisms (“microbiota”) traits. Here, we show Drosophila melanogaster , key model for studying local adaptation and strategy, excluding microbiota from definitions is major shortfall. First, reveal isogenic fly line reared with different bacteria varies investment early reproduction versus maintenance. Next, wild fruit flies, abundance these same was correlated latitude strategy suggesting geographic specificity composition. Variation composition D. could be both environment host genetic selection. Finally, by eliminating manipulating lines collected gradient, genotype contributes latitude‐specific independent variation can suppress reverse differences lines. Together, findings establish animal as essential adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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The microbial exometabolome: ecological resource and architect of microbial communities

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1798), С. 20190250 - 20190250

Опубликована: Март 23, 2020

All microorganisms release many metabolites, collectively known as the exometabolome. The resultant multi-way cross-feeding of metabolites among distributes resources, thereby increasing total biomass microbial community, and promotes recruitment persistence phylogenetically functionally diverse taxa in communities. Metabolite transfer can also select for evolutionary diversification, yielding multiple closely related but distinct strains. Depending on starting conditions, evolved strains may be auxotrophs requiring metabolic outputs from producer cells or, alternatively, display loss complementary reactions pathways, with increased efficiency. is widespread communities associated animals plants, including animal gut microbiome, these interactions yield products valuable to host. However, metabolite exchange between pairs intracellular that share same host cell or organ very limited compared free-living microorganisms, perhaps a consequence controls over function microorganisms. Priorities future research include development tools improved quantification complex greater integration roles other ecological processes, priority effects antagonistic interactions, shaping This article part theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges community ecology’.

Язык: Английский

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