Disease Models & Mechanisms,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(4)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023
Antimicrobial
peptides
(AMPs)
are
innate
immune
effectors
first
studied
for
their
role
in
host
defence.
Recent
studies
have
implicated
these
the
clearance
of
aberrant
cells
and
neurodegenerative
syndromes.
In
Drosophila,
many
AMPs
produced
downstream
Toll
Imd
NF-κB
pathways
upon
infection.
Upon
aging,
upregulated,
drawing
attention
to
molecules
as
possible
causes
age-associated
inflammatory
diseases.
However,
functional
overexpressing
or
silencing
genes
been
inconclusive.
Using
an
isogenic
set
AMP
gene
deletions,
we
investigated
net
impact
on
aging.
Overall,
found
no
major
effect
individual
lifespan,
with
exception
Defensin.
ΔAMP14
flies
lacking
seven
families
displayed
reduced
lifespan.
Increased
bacterial
load
food
aged
suggested
that
lifespan
reduction
was
due
microbiome
dysbiosis,
consistent
a
previous
study.
Moreover,
germ-free
conditions
extended
flies.
our
results
did
not
point
overt
Instead,
collectively
by
preventing
dysbiosis
during
Antimicrobial
peptides
are
host-encoded
immune
effectors
that
combat
pathogens
and
shape
the
microbiome
in
plants
animals.
However,
little
is
known
about
how
host
antimicrobial
peptide
repertoire
adapted
to
its
microbiome.
Here,
we
characterized
function
evolution
of
Diptericin
family
Diptera.
Using
mutations
affecting
two
Diptericins
(
Dpt
)
Drosophila
melanogaster
,
reveal
specific
role
DptA
for
pathogen
Providencia
rettgeri
DptB
gut
mutualist
Acetobacter
.
The
presence
DptA-
or
DptB-
like
genes
across
Diptera
correlates
with
their
environment.
Moreover,
sequences
predict
resistance
against
infection
by
these
bacteria
genus
Our
study
explains
evolutionary
logic
behind
bursts
rapid
an
reveals
adapts
changing
microbial
environments.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Март 21, 2023
Abstract
The
gut
is
continuously
invaded
by
diverse
bacteria
from
the
diet
and
environment,
yet
microbiome
composition
relatively
stable
over
time
for
host
species
ranging
mammals
to
insects,
suggesting
host-specific
factors
may
selectively
maintain
key
of
bacteria.
To
investigate
specificity,
we
used
gnotobiotic
Drosophila
,
microbial
pulse-chase
protocols,
microscopy
stability
different
strains
in
fly
gut.
We
show
that
a
host-constructed
physical
niche
foregut
binds
with
strain-level
stabilizing
their
colonization.
Primary
colonizers
saturate
exclude
secondary
same
strain,
but
initial
colonization
Lactobacillus
physically
remodels
through
production
glycan-rich
secretion
favor
unrelated
commensals
Acetobacter
genus.
Our
results
provide
mechanistic
framework
understanding
establishment
multi-species
intestinal
microbiome.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
374(1783), С. 20190068 - 20190068
Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2019
Many
animals
depend
on
microbial
symbionts
to
provide
nutrition,
defence
or
other
services.
Holometabolous
insects,
as
well
that
undergo
metamorphosis,
face
unique
constraints
symbiont
maintenance.
Microbes
present
in
larvae
encounter
a
radical
transformation
of
their
habitat
and
may
also
need
withstand
chemical
immunological
challenges.
Metamorphosis
provides
an
opportunity,
symbiotic
associations
can
be
decoupled
over
development.
For
example,
some
holometabolous
insects
maintain
the
same
adults,
but
house
it
different
tissues;
species,
adults
harbour
entirely
types
numbers
microbes,
accordance
with
shifts
host
diet
habitat.
Such
flexibility
advantage
hemimetabolous
which
selection
adult-stage
constrained
by
its
negative
effects
immature
stages,
vice
versa.
Additionally,
metamorphosis
itself
directly
influenced
symbionts.
Across
disparate
insect
taxa,
microbes
protect
hosts
from
pathogen
infection,
supply
nutrients
essential
for
rebuilding
adult
body
cues
regulating
pupation.
However,
remain
completely
unstudied
many
families
even
orders
Holometabola,
future
research
will
undoubtedly
reveal
more
links
between
microbiota,
two
widespread
features
animal
life.
This
article
is
part
theme
issue
‘The
evolution
complete
metamorphosis’.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2020
Abstract
The
impact
of
commensal
bacteria
on
the
host
arises
from
complex
microbial-diet-host
interactions.
Mapping
metabolic
interactions
in
gut
microbial
communities
is
therefore
key
to
understand
how
microbiome
influences
host.
Here
we
use
an
interdisciplinary
approach
including
isotope-resolved
metabolomics
show
that
Drosophila
melanogaster,
Acetobacter
pomorum
(
Ap
)
and
Lactobacillus
plantarum
Lp
a
syntrophic
relationship
established
overcome
detrimental
diets
identify
as
bacterium
altering
host’s
feeding
decisions.
Specifically,
uses
lactate
produced
by
supply
amino
acids
are
essential
,
allowing
it
grow
imbalanced
diets.
Lactate
also
necessary
sufficient
for
alter
fly’s
protein
appetite.
Our
data
bacterial
become
resilient
These
ensure
constant
flow
metabolites
used
reproduction
behaviour.
PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
18(3), С. e3000681 - e3000681
Опубликована: Март 20, 2020
The
interplay
between
nutrition
and
the
microbial
communities
colonizing
gastrointestinal
tract
(i.e.,
gut
microbiota)
determines
juvenile
growth
trajectory.
Nutritional
deficiencies
trigger
developmental
delays,
an
immature
microbiota
is
a
hallmark
of
pathologies
related
to
childhood
undernutrition.
However,
how
host-associated
bacteria
modulate
impact
on
remains
elusive.
Here,
using
gnotobiotic
Drosophila
melanogaster
larvae
independently
associated
with
Acetobacter
pomorumWJL
(ApWJL)
Lactobacillus
plantarumNC8
(LpNC8),
2
model
Drosophila-associated
bacteria,
we
performed
large-scale,
systematic
nutritional
screen
based
larval
in
40
different
precisely
controlled
environments.
We
combined
these
results
genome-based
metabolic
network
reconstruction
define
biosynthetic
capacities
germ-free
(GF)
its
bacterial
partners.
first
established
that
ApWJL
LpNC8
differentially
fulfill
requirements
ex-GF
parsed
such
difference
down
individual
amino
acids,
vitamins,
other
micronutrients,
trace
metals.
found
not
only
fortify
host's
diet
essential
nutrients
but,
specific
instances,
functionally
compensate
for
host
auxotrophies
by
either
providing
intermediate
or
nutrient
derivative
uptaking,
concentrating,
delivering
contaminant
traces
micronutrients.
Our
work
reveals
beyond
molecular
dialogue
engaged
partners,
establish
integrated
relying
provision
utilization.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
7(9), С. 336 - 336
Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2019
In
all
metazoans,
the
intestinal
tract
is
an
essential
organ
to
integrate
nutritional
signaling,
hormonal
cues
and
immunometabolic
networks.
The
dysregulation
of
epithelium
functions
can
impact
organism
physiology
and,
in
humans,
leads
devastating
complex
diseases,
such
as
inflammatory
bowel
cancers,
obesity.
Two
decades
ago,
discovery
immune
response
intestine
genetic
model
system,
Drosophila
melanogaster,
sparked
interest
using
this
dissect
mechanisms
that
govern
gut
(patho)
humans.
2007,
finding
stem
cell
lineage,
followed
by
development
tools
available
for
its
manipulation
vivo,
helped
elucidate
structural
organization
fly
similarity
with
mammalian
gastrointestinal
systems.
To
date,
studies
have
already
shed
light
on
a
broad
range
biological
questions
regarding
cells
their
niches,
interorgan
communication,
immunity
immunometabolism,
making
promising
human
enteric
studies.
This
review
summarizes
our
current
knowledge
structure
melanogaster
intestine,
asserting
validity
emerging
system
study
physiology,
regeneration,
defenses
host-microbiota
interactions.
Molecular Ecology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
29(3), С. 639 - 653
Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2019
Abstract
Organisms
are
locally
adapted
when
members
of
a
population
have
fitness
advantage
in
one
location
relative
to
conspecifics
other
geographies.
For
example,
across
latitudinal
gradients,
some
organisms
may
trade
off
between
traits
that
maximize
components
one,
but
not
both,
somatic
maintenance
or
reproductive
output.
Latitudinal
gradients
life
history
strategies
traditionally
attributed
environmental
selection
on
an
animal's
genotype,
without
any
consideration
the
possible
impact
associated
microorganisms
(“microbiota”)
traits.
Here,
we
show
Drosophila
melanogaster
,
key
model
for
studying
local
adaptation
and
strategy,
excluding
microbiota
from
definitions
is
major
shortfall.
First,
reveal
isogenic
fly
line
reared
with
different
bacteria
varies
investment
early
reproduction
versus
maintenance.
Next,
wild
fruit
flies,
abundance
these
same
was
correlated
latitude
strategy
suggesting
geographic
specificity
composition.
Variation
composition
D.
could
be
both
environment
host
genetic
selection.
Finally,
by
eliminating
manipulating
lines
collected
gradient,
genotype
contributes
latitude‐specific
independent
variation
can
suppress
reverse
differences
lines.
Together,
findings
establish
animal
as
essential
adaptation.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
375(1798), С. 20190250 - 20190250
Опубликована: Март 23, 2020
All
microorganisms
release
many
metabolites,
collectively
known
as
the
exometabolome.
The
resultant
multi-way
cross-feeding
of
metabolites
among
distributes
resources,
thereby
increasing
total
biomass
microbial
community,
and
promotes
recruitment
persistence
phylogenetically
functionally
diverse
taxa
in
communities.
Metabolite
transfer
can
also
select
for
evolutionary
diversification,
yielding
multiple
closely
related
but
distinct
strains.
Depending
on
starting
conditions,
evolved
strains
may
be
auxotrophs
requiring
metabolic
outputs
from
producer
cells
or,
alternatively,
display
loss
complementary
reactions
pathways,
with
increased
efficiency.
is
widespread
communities
associated
animals
plants,
including
animal
gut
microbiome,
these
interactions
yield
products
valuable
to
host.
However,
metabolite
exchange
between
pairs
intracellular
that
share
same
host
cell
or
organ
very
limited
compared
free-living
microorganisms,
perhaps
a
consequence
controls
over
function
microorganisms.
Priorities
future
research
include
development
tools
improved
quantification
complex
greater
integration
roles
other
ecological
processes,
priority
effects
antagonistic
interactions,
shaping
This
article
part
theme
issue
‘Conceptual
challenges
community
ecology’.