Towards a unified study of multiple stressors: divisions and common goals across research disciplines

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 287(1926)

Опубликована: Май 6, 2020

Anthropogenic environmental changes, or ‘stressors’, increasingly threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Multiple-stressor research is a rapidly expanding field of science that seeks to understand ultimately predict the interactions between stressors. Reviews meta-analyses primary scientific literature have largely been specific either freshwater, marine terrestrial ecology, ecotoxicology. In this cross-disciplinary study, we review state knowledge within among these disciplines highlight commonality division in multiple-stressor research. Our goes beyond description previous by using quantitative bibliometric analysis identify link previously disconnected communities. Towards unified framework, discuss shared goal increased realism through both ecological temporal complexity, with overarching aim improving predictive power. changing world, advancing our understanding cumulative impacts multiple stressors critical for conservation management. Identifying overcoming barriers interdisciplinary exchange necessary rising challenge. Division types human creation. Species cross borders so should scientists who study them.

Язык: Английский

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Foundation Species, Non-trophic Interactions, and the Value of Being Common

iScience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 13, С. 254 - 268

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2019

Foundation species define ecosystems, control the biological diversity of associated species, modulate critical ecosystem processes, and often have important cultural values resonance. This review summarizes current understanding characteristics traits foundation how to distinguish them from other "important" in ecological systems (e.g., keystone, dominant, core species); illustrates analysis structure function networks can be improved enriched by explicit incorporation their non-trophic interactions; discusses importance pro-active identification management as a cost-effective efficient method sustaining valuable processes services securing populations rare, threatened, or endangered species; suggests broader engagement citizen-scientists non-specialists study values.

Язык: Английский

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Global estimates of the extent and production of macroalgal forests

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(7), С. 1422 - 1439

Опубликована: Май 5, 2022

Abstract Aim Macroalgal habitats are believed to be the most extensive and productive of all coastal vegetated ecosystems. In stark contrast growing attention on their contribution carbon export sequestration, understanding global extent production is limited these have remained poorly assessed for decades. Here we report a first data‐driven assessment macroalgal based modelled observed distributions net primary (NPP) across habitat types. Location Global ocean. Time period Contemporary. Major taxa studied Macroalgae. Methods apply comprehensive niche model generate an improved map potential distribution, constrained by incident light seafloor substrate type. We compiled areal rates from literature combined this with our estimates calculate NPP. Results show that forests major biome area 6.06–7.22 million km 2 , dominated red algae, NPP 1.32 Pg C/year, brown algae. Main conclusions The comparable, in NPP, Amazon forest, but globally distributed as thin strip around shorelines. Macroalgae expanding polar, subpolar tropical areas, where also largest, likely increasing overall algal sequestration.

Язык: Английский

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Plant adaptation to climate change—Where are we?

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 58(5), С. 533 - 545

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2020

Abstract Climate change poses critical challenges for population persistence in natural communities, agriculture and environmental sustainability, food security. In this review, we discuss recent progress climatic adaptation plants. We evaluate whether climate exerts novel selection disrupts local adaptation, gene flow can facilitate adaptive responses to change, phenotypic plasticity could sustain populations the short term. Furthermore, how influences species interactions. Through a more in‐depth understanding of these eco‐evolutionary dynamics, will increase our capacity predict potential plants under change. addition, review studies that dissect genetic basis plant Finally, highlight key research gaps, ranging from validating function elucidating molecular mechanisms, expanding systems model other species, testing fitness consequences alleles environments, designing multifactorial closely reflect complex interactive effects multiple factors. By leveraging interdisciplinary tools (e.g., cutting‐edge omics toolkits, ecological strategies, newly developed genome editing technology), researchers accurately probability persist through rapid intense period as well cultivate crops withstand conserve biodiversity systems.

Язык: Английский

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Heterogeneity within and among co-occurring foundation species increases biodiversity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Abstract Habitat heterogeneity is considered a primary causal driver underpinning patterns of diversity, yet the universal role in structuring biodiversity unclear due to lack coordinated experiments testing its effects across geographic scales and habitat types. Furthermore, key species interactions that can enhance heterogeneity, such as facilitation cascades foundation species, have been largely overlooked general models. Here, we performed 22 geographically distributed different ecosystems biogeographical regions assess extent which variation explained by three axes heterogeneity: amount habitat, morphological complexity, capacity provide ecological resources (e.g. food) within between co-occurring species. We show positive additive are common, providing compelling mechanistic insight into importance promoting via facilitative interactions. Because many aspects be controlled through restoration management interventions, our findings directly relevant conservation.

Язык: Английский

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Climate‐change refugia in boreal North America: what, where, and for how long?

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(5), С. 261 - 270

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

The vast boreal biome plays an important role in the global carbon cycle but is experiencing particularly rapid climate warming, threatening integrity of valued ecosystems and their component species. We developed a framework taxonomy to identify climate‐change refugia potential North American region, summarizing current knowledge regarding mechanisms, geographic distribution, landscape indicators. While “terrain‐mediated” will mostly be limited coastal mountain regions, ecological inertia (resistance external fluctuations) contained some may provide more extensive buffering against change, resulting “ecosystem‐protected” refugia. A notable example peatlands, which can retain high surface soil moisture water tables even face drought. Refugia from wildfire are also especially characterized by active disturbance regimes. Our help areas potential, inform ecosystem management conservation planning light change.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging Solutions to Return Nature to the Urban Ocean

Annual Review of Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 13(1), С. 445 - 477

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Urban and periurban ocean developments impact 1.5% of the global exclusive economic zones, demand for space resources is increasing. As we strive a more sustainable future, it imperative that better design, manage, conserve urban spaces both humans nature. We identify three key objectives oceans: reduction pressures, protection restoration ecosystems, support critical ecosystem services. describe an array emerging evidence-based approaches, including greening grayinfrastructure, restoring habitats, developing biotechnologies. then explore new instruments incentives supporting these approaches evaluate their feasibility in delivering objectives. Several tools have potential to help bring nature back while also addressing some needs societies, such as climate adaptation, seafood production, clean water, recreation, providing human environmental benefits our most impacted spaces.

Язык: Английский

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Facilitating foundation species: The potential for plant–bivalve interactions to improve habitat restoration success

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 57(6), С. 1161 - 1179

Опубликована: Март 2, 2020

Abstract Vegetated marine and freshwater habitats are being increasingly lost around the world. Habitat restoration is a critical step for conserving these valuable habitats, but new approaches needed to increase success ensure their survival. We investigated interactions between plants bivalves through review analysis of 491 studies, determined effects, mechanisms key environmental variables involved in driving positive negative interactions, produced guidelines integrating into efforts different habitats. Fifty per cent all (both correlative experimental studies) were positive. These predominant epifaunal infaunal subtidal Plants primarily promoted bivalve survival abundance by providing substrate shelter, while plant growth stabilizing fertilizing sediment, reducing water turbidity. The prevalence increased with temperature decreased intertidal subset studies conducted context also showed mostly interactions. Twenty‐five negative, except sulphide‐metabolizing bivalves, which facilitated Interactions involving non‐native species negative. Synthesis applications . Promoting facilitative plant–bivalve co‐restoration can success. depends on habitat conditions such as temperature, was especially important (involving both bivalves) only bivalves). Thus sites must be carefully chosen maximize chances If done properly, could initial survival, persistence resilience foundation species, promote recovery associated biodiversity ecosystem services.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges for Restoration of Coastal Marine Ecosystems in the Anthropocene

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2020

Coastal marine ecosystems provide critical goods and services to humanity but many are experiencing rapid degradation. The need for effective restoration tools capable of promoting recovery coastal remediating their valued has never been greater. We identify four major challenges the future development implementation ecosystem (MER): (1) Development more effective, scalable tools, (2) adaptation cope with climate change global stressors, (3) integration social ecological priorities, (4) promotion perception use MER as a scientifically-credible management approach. Tackling these should improve success rates, heighten recognition, accelerate investment in MER. Here, reverse currently accelerating decline ecosystems, we discuss potential directions meeting by applying that science-based actionable. For have impact, it must incorporate science, technological conceptual advances, plan climates.

Язык: Английский

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Phenotypic plasticity under rapid global changes: The intrinsic force for future seagrasses survival

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(5), С. 1181 - 1201

Опубликована: Март 3, 2021

Coastal oceans are particularly affected by rapid and extreme environmental changes with dramatic consequences for the entire ecosystem. Seagrasses key ecosystem engineering or foundation species supporting diverse productive ecosystems along coastline that susceptible to fast changes. In this context, analysis of phenotypic plasticity could reveal important insights into seagrasses persistence, as it represents an individual property allows species' phenotypes accommodate react stress. Many studies have provided different definitions related processes (acclimation adaptation) resulting in a variety associated terminology. Here, we review ways define particular reference seagrass responses single multiple stressors. We relate shape reaction norms, from genotype environment interactions, examine its role presence shifts. The potential genetic epigenetic underlying face is also discussed. Different approaches aimed assess local acclimation adaptation explored, explaining strengths weaknesses based on main results obtained most recent literature. conclude implemented experimental approaches, whether performed controlled field experiments, provide new explore basis seagrasses. However, improvement molecular application multi-factorial experiments required better adjustments These considerations revealed selecting best promote assisted evolution fundamental implications restoration preservation efforts.

Язык: Английский

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