A chromosome‐scale genome assembly of the Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica)

Molecular Ecology Resources, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(6), С. 2396 - 2410

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2022

Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch.) is an ecologically and economically important white species native to widespread in the temperate zone of East Asia. Here, we present a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly Q. mongolica, representative species, by combining Illumina PacBio data with Hi-C mapping technologies that first created for Asian oak. Our results showed draft size was 809.84 Mb, BUSCO complete gene percentage 92.71%. scaffolding anchored 774.59 Mb contigs (95.65% assembly) onto 12 pseudochromosomes. The contig N50 scaffold were 2.64 66.74 respectively. Of 36,553 protein-coding genes predicted study, approximately 95% had functional annotations public databases. A total 435.34 (53.75% genome) repetitive sequences assembled genome. Genome evolution analysis closely related robur from Europe, they shared common ancestor ~11.8 million years ago (Ma). Gene family revealed nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-encoding disease resistance significantly contracted, whereas ECERIFERUM 1 (CER1) homologous cuticular wax biosynthesis expanded. This pioneering resource represents supplement genomics community will improve our understanding biology evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates 2 Distinct Neurocircuits

Annals of Neurology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 88(6), С. 1178 - 1193

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2020

Objective Current understanding of the neuromodulatory effects deep brain stimulation (DBS) on large‐scale networks remains elusive, largely due to lack techniques that can reveal DBS‐induced activity at whole‐brain level. Using a novel 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐compatible stimulator, we investigated subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson disease. Methods Fourteen received STN‐DBS treatment and participated block‐design functional MRI (fMRI) experiment, wherein stimulations were delivered during “ON” blocks interleaved “OFF” blocks. fMRI responses low‐frequency (60Hz) high‐frequency(130Hz) measured 1, 3, 6, 12 months postsurgery. To ensure reliability, multiple runs (48 minutes) data acquired each postsurgical visit. Presurgical resting‐state (30 also acquired. Results Two neurocircuits showed highly replicable, but distinct STN‐DBS. A circuit involving globus pallidus internus (GPi), thalamus, cerebellar nuclei was significantly activated, whereas another primary motor cortex (M1), putamen, cerebellum deactivation. These 2 circuits dissociable terms their connectivity. The GPi frequency‐dependent, selectively responding high‐frequency stimulation, M1 responsive time‐dependent manner, showing enhanced deactivation over time. Finally, activation associated overall improvement, related reduced bradykinesia. Interpretation Concurrent DBS‐fMRI using revealed responded differentially divergent symptoms, finding may provide insights into neural mechanisms underlying DBS. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1178–1193

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of olfactory circuits in insects

Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 206(3), С. 353 - 367

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2020

Abstract Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in the evolution neural circuits. Comparison animals from different families, orders, and phyla reveals fascinating variation brain morphology, circuit structure, cell types. However, it can be difficult to connect complex changes that occur across long evolutionary distances behavior. Luckily, these accumulate through processes should also observable recent time, making more tractable comparisons closely related species relevant complementary. Here, we review several decades research on insect olfactory circuits short time scales. We describe two well-studied systems, Drosophila sechellia flies Heliothis moths, detailed case studies. then move key types evolution, cataloging examples other insects looking for general patterns. The literature is dominated by sensory neuron number tuning at periphery—often enhancing response odorants with new ecological or social relevance. way information processed central clearly important a few cases, suspect development genetic tools non-model will reveal broad role evolution. Moving forward, such used rigorously test causal links between

Язык: Английский

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Review: Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(S1)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Abstract The original strategies developed by Helicobacter pylori to persistently colonise its host and deregulate cellular functions make this bacterium an outstanding model study host‐pathogen interaction the mechanisms responsible for bacterial‐induced carcinogenesis. During last year, significant results were obtained on role of bacterial factors essential gastric colonisation such as spiral shape maintenance, orientation through chemotaxis formation bacteria clonal population islands inside glands. Particularities H cell surface, a structure important immune escape, demonstrated. New insights in stress response revealed importance DNA methylation‐mediated regulation. Further findings reported components that mediate natural transformation horizontal transfer which maintain high level genetic variability. Within‐host evolution was found be niche‐specific probably associated with physiological differences between antral oxyntic mucosa. In addition, progress CryoEM, high‐resolution structures major virulence factors, VacA Cag T4SS, obtained. use organoid models fostered research revealing, preferential accumulation at site injury during infection. Several studies further characterised CagA oncogenic properties , identifying activation novel CagA‐dependent pathways, leading promotion instabilities, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition finally Recent also highlight microRNA‐mediated regulation epigenetic modifications, methylation, are key events ‐induced tumorigenesis process.

Язык: Английский

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Connectivity alterations in autism reflect functional idiosyncrasy

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2021

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is commonly understood as an alteration of brain networks, yet case-control analyses against typically-developing controls (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we devised a novel approach to profile the inter-individual variability in functional network organization and tested whether such idiosyncrasy contributes connectivity alterations ASD. Studying multi-centric dataset with 157 ASD 172 TD, obtained robust evidence for increased relative TD default mode, somatomotor attention but also reduced lateral temporal cortices. Idiosyncrasy age significantly correlated symptom severity Furthermore, while patterns were not ASD-related cortical thickness alterations, they co-localized expression risk genes. Notably, could demonstrate that atypical closely overlapped are measurable conventional designs may, thus, be principal driver inconsistency autism connectomics literature. These findings support important interactions between heterogeneity signatures. Our provide biomarkers study development may consolidate prior research on variable nature connectome level anomalies autism.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of a gustatory receptor tuned to sinigrin in the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(7), С. e1009527 - e1009527

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2021

Glucosinolates are token stimuli in host selection of many crucifer specialist insects, but the underlying molecular basis for these insects remains enigmatic. Using a combination behavioral, electrophysiological, and methods, we investigate glucosinolate receptors cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae . Sinigrin, as potent feeding stimulant, elicited activity larval maxillary lateral sensilla styloconica, well adult medial tarsal sensilla. Two P gustatory receptor genes PrapGr28 PrapGr15 were identified with high expression female tarsi, subsequent functional analyses showed that Xenopus oocytes only expressing had specific responses to sinigrin; when ectopically expressed Drosophila sugar sensing neurons, conferred sinigrin sensitivity neurons. RNA interference experiments further knockdown reduced sinigrin. Taken together, conclude is tuned , which paves way revealing relationships between plants their insects.

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of the let-7 seed sequence improves silk yield in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 243, С. 124793 - 124793

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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How do moth and butterfly taste?—Molecular basis of gustatory receptors in Lepidoptera

Insect Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 27(6), С. 1148 - 1157

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2019

Insect gustatory system plays a central role in guiding insect feeding behaviors, insect-plant interactions and coevolutions. Gustatory receptors (GRs) form the interface between taste their environment. Previously, most studies on GRs are focused Drosophila; much less attention has been paid to Lepidoptera species, which consist of large number serious agricultural crop pests. With exceptional advances next generation sequencing (NGS), cellular biology, RNA interference (RNAi), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technologies recent years, extraordinary progresses have achieved elucidating molecular mechanisms Lepidopteran GRs. In this review, we highlighted these advances, discussed what revealed provide our new insights into field.

Язык: Английский

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Examining air pollution (PM10), mental health and well-being in a representative German sample

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021

Abstract There is a growing debate on the role of physical environment and what constitute risk protective factors for mental health. Various forms air pollution have shown links to health concerns considering that Germany does not meet WHO quality standards—poor affects large proportion Germans more important now than ever. This study investigates environmental factor, pollution, measured by particulate matter particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller 10 µm (PM ) effects determinants well-being (life satisfaction, stress resilience, anxiety, depression, self-esteem). A representative sample N = 3020 German adults 54% females (46% males) age range between 18 92 years (M 49.04, S.D. ± 17.27) was used. Multivariate linear regression analyses show higher life self-esteem resilience are predicted less ). Individual income, age, gender were taken into account each model. Gender specific sub-analyses revealed similar predictions PM whereas only significantly associated females. Associations or found in sample.

Язык: Английский

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Multisite imaging of neural activity using a genetically encoded calcium sensor in the honey bee

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1), С. e3001984 - e3001984

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Understanding of the neural bases for complex behaviors in Hymenoptera insect species has been limited by a lack tools that allow measuring neuronal activity simultaneously different brain regions. Here, we developed first pan-neuronal genetic driver Hymenopteran model organism, honey bee, and expressed calcium indicator GCaMP6f under control bee synapsin promoter. We show is widely brain, allowing to record from multiple To assess power this tool, focused on olfactory system, recording simultaneous responses antennal lobe, more poorly investigated lateral horn (LH) mushroom body (MB) calyces. Neural 16 distinct odorants demonstrate odorant quality (chemical structure) quantity are faithfully encoded lobe. In contrast, odor coding LH departs simple physico-chemical coding, supporting role structure biological value odorants. further robust several pheromone odorants, key drivers social behavior, LH. Combined, these recordings represent use neurogenetic tool large-scale eusocial will be utility assessing underpinnings other sensory modalities cognitive abilities.

Язык: Английский

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