Journal of Avian Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024
Life
in
urban
areas
may
alter
the
gut
microbiota
and
host
physiology,
leading
to
a
higher
susceptibility
pathogens.
In
contrast,
specific
members
of
community
have
been
shown
mitigate
intensity
malaria
infection.
House
sparrows,
living
close
proximity
humans,
are
exposed
unique
environment
with
human‐shaped
diets
emerging
as
particularly
influential
factor.
addition,
sparrows
significant
number
avian
haemosporidian
other
blood
parasites.
We
examined
how
bacterial
house
varied
across
two
sites
city
Belgrade
potential
impact
parasite
infection
on
microbiota.
Our
results
show
that
diversity
composition
were
only
influenced
by
sampling
location,
likely
due
variations
food
resources,
availability
bird
feed
at
one
(a
zoo).
summary,
our
suggest
local
microbial
adaptations
differing
levels
urbanisation
habitats,
this
case
most
driven
artificial
alterations
but
not
reaching
effects
fauna.
Royal Society Open Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Understanding
the
epidemiology
of
emerging
pathogens,
such
as
Usutu
virus
(USUV)
infections,
requires
systems
investigation
at
each
scale
involved
in
host-virus
transmission
cycle,
from
individual
bird
to
bird-to-vector
transmissions,
and
USUV
incidence
vector
populations.
For
new
pathogens
field
data
are
sparse,
predictions
can
be
aided
by
use
laboratory-type
inoculation
experiments
combined
with
dynamical
mathematical
modelling.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
dynamics
two
strains
constructing
models
for
within-host
scale,
vector-borne
epidemiological
scale.
We
used
infectious
per
cent
mosquito
infection
predict
birds
mosquitoes.
addressed
dependence
on
model
structure,
uncertainty
experimental
design.
found
that
one
change
predicted
results
another
proposed
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
291(2027)
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024
Stressors
associated
with
urban
habitats
have
been
linked
to
poor
wildlife
health
but
whether
a
general
negative
relationship
between
urbanization
and
animal
can
be
affirmed
is
unclear.
We
conducted
meta-analysis
of
avian
literature
test
biomarkers
differed
on
average
non-urban
environments,
there
are
systematic
differences
across
species,
biomarkers,
life
stages
species
traits.
Our
dataset
included
644
effect
sizes
derived
from
112
articles
published
1989
2022,
51
bird
species.
First,
we
showed
that
was
no
clear
impact
when
categorized
the
sampling
locations
as
or
non-urban.
However,
did
find
small
this
dichotomous
variable
replaced
by
quantitative
representing
degree
at
each
location.
Second,
dependent
type
biomarker
measured
well
individual
stage,
young
individuals
being
more
negatively
affected.
comprehensive
analysis
calls
for
future
studies
disentangle
specific
urban-related
drivers
might
obscured
in
categorical
versus
comparisons.
Integrative Zoology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
17(4), С. 511 - 529
Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2021
Models
on
climate
change
have
predicted
an
increase
of
temperature
over
the
earth's
surface
with
potential
drastic
effects
living
organisms.
We
analyzed
relationships
between
climatic
conditions
(temperature,
rainfall,
and
wind
speed)
abundance
blood-sucking
flying
insects
(biting
midges
blackflies)
nest-dwelling
ectoparasites
(mites,
fleas,
blowflies)
collected
from
blue
tit
nests
during
bird
breeding
seasons
for
a
period
10
years.
Average
temperature,
speed
showed
significant
differences
among
Temperature
increased
study
while
rainfall
decreased.
Biting
midge,
blackfly,
blowfly
abundances
across
years
but
not
flea
mite
abundances.
Hatching
date
decreased
brood
size
Independently
year
variation,
parasites
were
related
to
variables.
For
example,
biting
blowfly,
mite,
positive
significantly
average
temperature.
also
found
relationship
Haemoproteus
infections
midge
first
life
birds
out
nests.
However,
prevalence
Lankesterella
in
yearlings
birth
birds.
Leucocytozoon
variables
In
addition,
body
condition
adult
females
males
negatively
larvae
respectively.
Nestling
was
abundance.
Changes
could
therefore
affect
several
themselves.
Parasitology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 10
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
Abstract
Coinfection
of
a
host
by
more
than
1
parasite
is
common
single
infection
in
wild
environments
and
can
have
differing
impacts,
although
coinfections
relatively
rarely
been
quantified.
Host
immune
responses
to
coinfection
contribute
costs
but
are
often
harder
predict
those
associated
with
infection,
due
the
influence
within-host
parasite–parasite
interactions
on
virulence.
To
first
quantify
bird
species,
then
test
for
immune-related
impacts
coinfection,
we
investigated
prevalence
response
avian
haemosporidian
(genera:
Plasmodium
,
Haemoproteus
Leucocytozoon
)
blackbirds.
status
was
diagnosed
using
1-step
multiplex
polymerase
chain
reaction,
quantified
through
white
blood
cell
counts
heterophil:
lymphocyte
ratios,
parasitaemia
each
infected
sample.
We
detected
high
rates
neither
impacted
activity,
despite
significantly
higher
individuals
experiencing
double
vs
infection.
This
suggests
that
low
this
system.
could
be
long-term
host–parasite
coevolution,
which
has
decreased
virulence,
or
consequence
reduced
chronic
infections
compared
acute
infections.
Alternatively,
our
results
may
obscure
specific
combinations
coinfecting
genera,
species
lineages.
Future
research
should
investigate
occur
between
parasites
within
hosts,
as
well
ways
these
resulting
vary
depending
identity.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Habitat
changes
associated
with
urbanization
have
major
and
complex
effects
on
wildlife.
In
birds,
urban
populations
often
lower
reproductive
success
but
are
able
to
maintain
similar
or
higher
densities
than
non‐urban
populations.
One
explanation
proposed
for
this
paradox
is
that
survival
of
birds
in
cities
may
compensate
reproduction.
We
use
a
9‐year
dataset
Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber
models
compare
annual
variation
apparent
probabilities
adult
great
tits
(Parus
major)
at
two
forests
sites
located
Hungary.
Our
analyses
tested
the
sex,
age,
year,
population
density
survival,
after
correcting
probability
detection.
Apparent
varied
between
0.122
0.736,
study
site
year
having
greatest
influence.
Unexpectedly,
did
not
consistent
effect:
lowest
highest
estimates
were
both
habitats.
Survival
forest
each
other
~0.15
best
~0.1.
worst
site.
exhibited
marked
inter‐annual
all
sites,
although
temporal
patterns
among
suggesting
was
driven
by
regional
scale
factors.
decreased
bird
age
most
years,
such
detected
sites.
results
demonstrate
impacts
aging
avian
rates
can
diverge
habitats,
demographic
factors
regulating
vary
locations.
Age‐specific
should
be
taken
into
account
ecology
further
exploration
driving
heterogeneity
will
help
inform
conservation
biodiversity
along
rural‐urban
gradients.
Research in Veterinary Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
168, С. 105136 - 105136
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024
Avian
malaria
is
a
vector-borne
parasitic
disease
caused
by
Plasmodium
infection
transmitted
to
birds
mosquitoes.
The
aim
of
this
systematic
review
was
analyze
the
global
prevalence
and
risk
factors
associated
with
in
wild
birds.
A
search
databases
CNKI,
WanFang,
VIP,
PubMed,
ScienceDirect
performed
from
database
inception
24
February
2023.
identified
3181
retrieved
articles,
which
52
articles
met
predetermined
inclusion
criteria.
Meta-analysis
using
random-effects
model.
estimated
pooled
16%.
Sub-group
analysis
showed
that
highest
adult
birds,
migrant
North
America,
tropical
rainforest
climate,
captured
mist
nets,
detection
microscopy,
medium
quality
studies,
studies
published
after
2016.
Our
study
highlights
need
for
more
understanding
identifying
inform
future
control
measures.
