Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1), С. 175 - 175

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic susceptibility to severe COVID-19

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 110, С. 105426 - 105426

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinical manifestations range from an asymptomatic condition to life-threatening events and death, with more severe courses being associated age, male sex, comorbidities. Besides these risk factors, intrinsic characteristics virus as well genetic factors host are expected account for COVID-19 clinical heterogeneity. Genetic studies have long been recognized fundamental identify biological mechanisms underlying congenital diseases, pinpoint genes/proteins responsible susceptibility different inherited conditions, highlight targets therapeutic relevance, suggest drug repurposing, even clarify causal relationships that make modifiable some environmental factors. Though usually take time be concluded and, above all, translate their discoveries patients' bedside, scientific community moved really fast deliver signals phenotypes. In this Review, besides a concise description symptomatology SARS-CoV-2 mechanism infection, we aimed recapitulate current literature in terms specifically associate increased severity disease.

Язык: Английский

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Polymorphisms in ACE1, TMPRSS2, IFIH1, IFNAR2, and TYK2 Genes Are Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19

Genes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1), С. 29 - 29

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2022

Although advanced age, male sex, and some comorbidities impact the clinical course of COVID-19, these factors only partially explain inter-individual variability in disease severity. Some studies have shown that genetic polymorphisms contribute to COVID-19 severity; however, results are inconclusive. Thus, we investigated association between ACE1, ACE2, DPP9, IFIH1, IFNAR2, IFNL4, TLR3, TMPRSS2, TYK2 COVID-19. A total 694 patients with were categorized as: (1) ward inpatients (moderate symptoms) or admitted at intensive care unit (ICU; severe symptoms); (2) survivors non-survivors. In females, rs1990760/IFIH1 T/T genotype was associated risk ICU admission death. Moreover, rs1799752/ACE1 Ins rs12329760/TMPRSS2 T alleles admission. non-white patients, rs2236757/IFNAR2 A/A admission, while Ins/Ins genotype, allele analyzed interact worse outcomes. conclusion, this study shows an rs1799752/ACE1, rs1990760/IFIH1, rs2236757/IFNAR2, rs12329760/TMPRSS2, rs2304256/TYK2 outcomes, especially among female patients.

Язык: Английский

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The role of candidate genetic polymorphisms in covid-19 susceptibility and outcomes

BMC Medical Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

This study aims to investigate the association between candidate host genetic polymorphisms and COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, hospitalization, hypoxia, their combined effect, measured by polygenic risk score (PRS). Three hundred seventy-six Lebanese participants, comprising 151 controls 225 cases, were included. Clinical data obtained from questionnaires medical records. DNA isolated peripheral blood was genotyped for ACE1 rs1799752, ACE2 rs2074192, TMPRSS2 rs75603675 OAS1 rs107746771 using TaqMan assays, rs35074065 Sanger Sequencing. Candidate variants analyzed in with hospitalization univariate multivariate models. PRS constructed weighted sum of evaluated outcomes. In this study, there no statistically significant differences frequencies variant alleles within disease outcomes subgroups, after adjustment confounders. not associated susceptibility it however significantly predicted severity (P = 0.01). highlights importance testing key genes involved life cycle eventually measuring which proves be an important tool prognosis assessment vulnerable individuals, potentially enhancing patient care.

Язык: Английский

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The influence of genetic polymorphisms on cytokine profiles in pediatric COVID-19: a pilot study

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Recent studies have underscored the importance of genetic factors in predicting COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. While cytokine storms are crucial disease severity, predisposition significantly influences immune responses. Our study examined genes related to SARS-CoV-2 invasion (ACE2 rs2074192) interferon-induced immunity (IFNAR2 rs2236757, TYK2 rs2304256, OAS1 rs10774671, OAS3 rs10735079). Additionally, we investigated linked Kawasaki (CD40 rs4813003, FCGR2A rs1801274, CASP3 rs113420705) that play roles immunogenesis. The pilot study, which involved 75 pediatric patients aged one month 17 years [43 with active COVID-19, children multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), 15 healthy controls], was conducted Ternopil, Ukraine. Gene polymorphism studied for all patients. ELISA kits were used interleukin studies, including Human IL-1β (Interleukin 1 Beta), IL-6 6), IL-8 8), IL-12 12), IFN-α (Interferon Alpha), TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha). Statistical analysis performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 GraphPad Prism 8.4.3. identified significant gene-cytokine associations ACE2 rs2074192 T allele correlated increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α. IFNAR2 rs2236757 A elevated levels low levels, while rs10774671 carriers also exhibited lower levels. prognostically determining infected SARS-CoV-2. gene rs10735079 associated changes precisely a high level. CD40 rs4813003 C had higher IL-12. results our revealed correlation between rs1801274 (A/G). rs113420705 led an increase IL-6. These findings enhance understanding may hold promise developing targeted interventions providing personalized medical approach each patient.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pre-delta/delta and omicron variants on clinical outcomes in a systemic lupus erythematosus cohort from Puerto Rico

Lupus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

To examine the clinical outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with COVID-19 during Pre-Delta/Delta and Omicron periods. A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort adult Puerto Ricans SLE. Demographic parameters, SLE manifestations, comorbidities, pharmacologic treatment, exacerbations, hospitalizations, mortality were determined. SARS CoV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction or antigen tests. Variables compared between Pre-delta/Delta Also, proportion cases to general population Rico. Of entire (n = 347), 169 (48.7%) had COVID-19. Twenty-two period 147 period. The significantly higher when Rico (25.7%), but no difference found. Overall, favorable, low rates flares (3.0%), hospitalizations (3.6%), (0.6%). Patients more likely have oral ulcers, anti-Smith antibodies, chronic kidney disease, whereas those symptoms (rhinorrhea, sore throat, cough). In summary, is this group SLE, high COVID-19, disease exacerbation, hospitalization, low. Few differences noted comparing

Язык: Английский

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Impact of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-27P28 rs153109 and IFITM3 rs12252 on susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in Egyptian patients: a case control study

Virology Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a huge global health threat. Interleukin27 (IL-27) gene cytokine that produces antiviral proteins in an IFN-independent manner and stimulates both pro- anti-inflammatory responses. Interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits SARS-CoV2 infection by blocking SARSCoV-2 spike facilitate viral entrance cell-to-cell fusion. The association between genetic variants COVID-19 Egyptians still unclear. Hence, we sought to investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphism IL-27P28 rs153109 IFITM3 rs12252 on susceptibility severity SARS-CoV-2 Egyptian patients. Methods Our study included 242 patients were recruited from Main University Hospital, Alexandria University, Egypt, 187 healthy controls. We subdivided patient group into two subgroups: A comprised mild/moderate cases (N = 42) (17.4%), B severe/critical 200) (82.6%). Genomic DNA was extracted blood samples using QIAamp Blood Mini kit, then PCR products IL27 cut FastDigest XhoI MScI, respectively, for detection SNPs (-964A/G) (T>C). Results present found significant after adjusting risk factor (advanced age), AG genotype (OR 2.791, 95% CI: 1.237–6.295, P 0.013), AA 2.385, 1.075–5.291, 0.033), (AG+AA vs. GG) genotypes 2.558, 1.186–5.517, 0.017). On other hand, rs12252(T>C) CT 1.419, 0.843–2.391, 0.188), CC 2.132, 0.436–10.415, 0.350), (C/T+C/C TT) 1.466, 0.884–2.432, 0.138) did not show statistically with either or SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion IL27P28 may be associated but severity. Concerning SNP, could confirm its influence this population.

Язык: Английский

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Association of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms with Clinical Severity in Patients with COVID-19

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(6), С. 1931 - 1931

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Background/Objectives: To elucidate the factors that contribute to individual variability in progression of COVID-19, experiments on endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms have been reported. Nitric (NOS3) is located endothelium and involved regulation inflammation vascular homeostasis. In this study, we investigated association between COVID-19 severity NOS3 G894T 27-bp VNTR 4b/a genetic polymorphisms. Methods: Patients with (n = 178) were divided into Group 1 (mild disease) 2 (severe based oxygen saturation levels room air (Group 1, SpO2 ≥ 93%, n 107; 2, < 73) hospitalization requirements. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: Overall, genotype allele frequencies similar across two study groups (p > 0.05). However, subgroup analysis showed a notable trend for 4b/4a distribution Groups 2. younger patients (≤50 years old) without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tended higher frequency 4b than (97.4% vs. 85.4% p 0.06) occurrence 4b/4b (94.7% 74.0%, Additionally, rarely observed 4c detected only subjects within but not 1. Conclusions: These findings suggest polymorphism. Genetic may reveal patient susceptibility prognosis risk factors, drug responsiveness.

Язык: Английский

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No evidence for an association between the chemokine receptor 5 D32 polymorphism and multiple sclerosis susceptibility: A meta-analysis

SCRIPTA MEDICA, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 56(1), С. 105 - 115

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Background/Aim: Numerous reports have been published on the association of chemokine receptor 5 D32 genetic variation (rs333) with risk multiple sclerosis (MS), results that are inconsistent. The relationship between rs333 and susceptibility to MS was evaluated in this study. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed current Twelve databases used find eligible articles. investigators extracted necessary information. associations alleles genotypes different models inheritance: co-dominant, dominant recessive genotype allele model. Results: analysis included 14 articles reporting 16 studies involving 3265 patients 3735 healthy controls. There no substantial heterogeneity for any comparisons. significance level not reached susceptibility. Conclusion: findings study could confirm sclerosis.

Язык: Английский

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Association of VDR and TMPRSS2 gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity: a computational and clinical study

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 52(1)

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Язык: Английский

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