COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 154497 - 154497

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Язык: Английский

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Higher Serum Monolaurin Is Associated with a Lower Risk of COVID-19: Results from a Prospective Observational Cohort Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(6), С. 2452 - 2452

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated the search for effective preventive and therapeutic agents. In recent years, many studies have considered effects of different nutrients. This study aimed to investigate association between serum monolaurin levels risk developing among healthcare workers. this prospective observational cohort study, 2712 workers from University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità” in Novara, Italy were enrolled. Participants underwent blood sampling followed up six months evaluate protective role against infection. Monolaurin quantified using targeted metabolomic analysis. consisted 1000 individuals with a mean age 46.4 predominantly female. Higher concentrations significantly associated lower SARS-CoV-2 infection at both 3- 6-month follow-ups. optimal cut-off value monolaurin, which provides efficacy, was identified as 0.45 µg/mL. appear be reduced COVID-19, suggesting its potential dietary supplement contributes growing body evidence supporting factors management prevention infectious diseases highlights metabolomics identifying prophylactic biomarkers.

Язык: Английский

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Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for the Severity of COVID-19

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 1302 - 1302

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Accumulating evidence implicates obesity as a risk factor for increased severity of disease outcomes in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesity is associated adipose tissue dysfunction, which not only predisposes individuals to metabolic complications, but also substantially contributes low-grade systemic inflammation, altered immune cell composition, and compromised function. This seems impact the susceptibility outcome diseases caused by viruses, obese people appear more vulnerable developing infections they recover later from infectious than normal-weight individuals. Based on these findings, efforts identify suitable diagnostic prognostic markers Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) predict have been made. includes analysis cytokines secreted tissues (adipokines), multiple regulatory functions body; instance, modulating insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, appetite, fertility. Most relevant context viral infections, adipokines influence number, consequences overall activity Hence, circulating levels diverse SARS-CoV-2 considered reveal COVID-19 markers. review article summarizes findings aimed correlate progression COVID-19. Several studies provided insights chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, galectin-3 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, while limited information yet available apelin visfatin Altogether, current points at resistin being value disease.

Язык: Английский

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Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2 as a Prognostic Factor for COVID-19 Severity

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1), С. 125 - 125

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a regulator of anabolic pathways, which become inactivated in severe illness. Here, we measured the serum IGFBP-2 levels COVID-19 patients with moderate and disease as well healthy controls to identify associations severity. Patients had higher than those controls, who similar levels. Non-survivors tended have elevated compared survivors. Increased were observed requiring dialysis vasopressor therapy. Serum was positively correlated procalcitonin both patient groups. Bacterial co-infection did not influence liver cirrhosis obesity, showing increased decreased levels, respectively, excluded from study. The present analysis showed that are associated severity patients. similarity between suggests critical illness rather SARS-CoV-2 infection itself.

Язык: Английский

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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(4), С. 475 - 475

Опубликована: Март 26, 2023

In developed countries, aging is often seen as typical, but it made complicated by many disorders and co-morbidities. Insulin resistance seems to be an underlying pathomechanism in frailty metabolic syndromes. The decline insulin sensitivity leads changes the oxidant–antioxidant balance accelerated inflammatory response, especially adipocytes macrophages adipose tissue, well muscle mass density. Thus, pathophysiology of syndemic disorders—the syndrome syndrome—an extremely important role may played increased oxidative stress pro-inflammatory state. Papers included this review explored available full texts reference lists relevant studies from last 20 years, before end 2022; we also investigated PubMed Google Scholar electronic databases. online resources describing elderly population (≥65 years old) published were searched for following terms: “oxidative and/or inflammation”, “frailty syndrome”. Then, all analyzed narratively described context inflammation markers which underlie pathomechanisms syndromes patients. So far, different pathways discussed show that a similar pathogenesis underlies development acceleration inflammation. argue syndemia represents two sides same coin.

Язык: Английский

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miRNAs as a Potential Biomarker in the COVID-19 Infection and Complications Course, Severity, and Outcome

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(6), С. 1091 - 1091

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

During the last three years, since emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number scientific publications have focused on resolving susceptibility to infection, as well course disease and potential long-term complications. is widely considered multisystem variety socioeconomic, medical, genetic/epigenetic factors may contribute severity outcome. Furthermore, SARS-COV-2 infection trigger pathological processes accelerate underlying conditions clinical entities. The development specific sensitive biomarkers that are easy obtain will allow for patient stratification, prevention, prognosis, more individualized treatments COVID-19. miRNAs proposed promising different aspects (susceptibility, severity, complication course, outcome, therapeutic possibilities). This review summarizes most relevant findings concerning miRNA involvement in pathology. Additionally, role wide range complications due accompanied and/or health discussed. importance understanding functional relationships between conditions, such pregnancy, obesity, or neurological diseases, with also highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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Do pathogens always evolve to be less virulent? The virulence–transmission trade-off in light of the COVID-19 pandemic

Biologia Futura, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74(1-2), С. 69 - 80

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Abstract The direction the evolution of virulence takes in connection with any pathogen is a long-standing question. Formerly, it was theorized that pathogens should always evolve to be less virulent. As observations were not line this theoretical outcome, new theories emerged, chief among them transmission–virulence trade-off hypotheses, which predicts an intermediate level as endpoint evolution. At moment, we are very much interested future COVID-19’s virulence. Here, show disease does fulfill all assumptions hypothesis. In case COVID-19, higher viral load mean risk death; immunity long-lasting; other hosts can act reservoirs for virus; and death consequence infection shorten infectious period. Consequently, cannot predict short- or long-term COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 associates with semen inflammation and sperm quality impairment that reverses in the short term after disease recovery

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 exerts deleterious effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems, causing more severe disease in men than women. However, cumulative reported data about putative consequences male reproductive tract fertility are controversial. Furthermore, long-term of SARS-CoV-2 infection still uncertain. Methods: In this study, we prospectively evaluated levels inflammatory cytokines leukocytes semen sperm quality parameters a cohort 231 reproductive-aged patients, unvaccinated, who had recovered from mild or 62 healthy control individuals. Sperm was assessed early (less 3 months) long (more up to 6 after having COVID-19. Interestingly, unlike most studies, available extensive background baseline patients' allowed performing accurate analysis quality. Results: Significantly higher IL-1β, TNF IFNγ were detected patients recently and/or with respect individuals indicating inflammation. Moreover, showed significantly reduced volume, lower total counts, impaired motility viability. all observed alterations returned values months recovery. Discussion: These results indicate that associates inflammation disease. seems not include detrimental potential since reversible 1-2 spermatogenesis cycles. constitute compelling evidence allowing better understanding associated sequelae, fundamental for collection assisted reproduction.

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal study across SARS-CoV-2 variants identifies transcriptionally active microbes (TAMs) associated with Delta severity

iScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(10), С. 107779 - 107779

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 VOCs jeopardize global vaccine and herd immunity safeguards. interactions with host microbiota might affect clinical course outcome. This longitudinal investigation involving Pre-VOC (Delta & Omicron) holo-transcriptome based nasopharyngeal microbiome at taxonomic levels followed by metabolic pathway analysis integrative host-microbiome interaction. showed enrichment

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Relationship Between Humoral and Cellular T Cell Responses Against SARS‐CoV‐2 in Exposed Individuals From Emilia Romagna Region and COVID‐19 Severity

HLA, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 105(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT COVID‐19 remains a significant global health problem with uncertain long‐term consequences for convalescents. We investigated the relationships between anti‐N protein antibody levels, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2‐associated TCR repertoire parameters, HLA type and epidemiological information from three cohorts of 524 SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected subjects subgrouped in phase, seronegative seropositive convalescents Emilia Romagna region. Epidemiological index were associated data. was inferred using HLA3 tool its association clonal breadth (CB) depth (CD) assessed. Age above 58 years, male hospitalisation significantly independently seropositivity ( p = 0.004; 0.04), suggesting an high titres symptoms' severity. As analysis, we found no difference CB among cohorts, while CD higher than 0.04). However, clustering analysis supported that patients are endowed broader deeper indicating compensatory mechanism without effective seroconversion. The calculated on TCRs single SARS‐CoV‐2 ORFs is when compared to acute. Lastly, identified reported novel HLAs increased risk such as HLA‐C*07:02 carriers (OR 3.9, CI 1.1–13.4, 0.03) associate lower or parameters population exposed first time SARS‐CoV‐2.

Язык: Английский

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