SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Escaped Mink, Utah, USA

Emerging infectious diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(3), С. 988 - 990

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2021

Abstract In August 2020, outbreaks of coronavirus disease were confirmed on mink farms in Utah, USA. We surveyed mammals captured and around for evidence infection or exposure. Free-ranging mink, presumed domestic escapees, exhibited high antibody titers, suggesting a potential severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 transmission pathway to native wildlife.

Язык: Английский

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Monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in mustelids

EFSA Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Abstract American mink and ferret are highly susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but no information is available for other mustelid species. SARS-CoV-2 spreads very efficiently within farms once introduced, by direct indirect contact, high within-farm animal density increases the chance transmission. Between-farm spread likely occur short distance between positive a risk factor. As of 29 January 2021, virus has been reported in 400 eight countries European Union. In most cases, introduction infection into was infected humans. Human health can be at mink-related variant viruses, which establish circulation community, so far these have not shown more transmissible or causing impact compared with circulating SARS-CoV-2. Concerning posed species that may included monitoring plans mink, ferrets, cats, raccoon dogs, white-tailed deer Rhinolophidae bats. All should considered infection; therefore, objective early detection. This includes passive (in place whole territory all where animals bred) also active regular testing. First, frequent testing farm personnel people contact recommended. Furthermore randomly selected (dead sick included) tested using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ideally weekly intervals (i.e. design prevalence approximately 5% each epidemiological unit, assessed case case). Suspected clinical signs minimum five animals) confirmation infection. Positive samples from sequenced monitor evolution results publicly shared.

Язык: Английский

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Virome in the cloaca of wild and breeding birds revealed a diversity of significant viruses

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2022

Abstract Background Wild birds may harbor and transmit viruses that are potentially pathogenic to humans, domestic animals, other wildlife. Results Using the viral metagenomic approach, we investigated virome of cloacal swab specimens collected from 3182 (the majority them wild species) consisting > 87 different species in 10 orders within Aves classes. The virus diversity was higher than breeding birds. We acquired 707 genomes 18 defined families 4 unclassified groups, with 265 sharing < 60% protein sequence identities their best matches GenBank comprising new families, genera, or species. RNA containing conserved RdRp domain no phylogenetic affinity currently existed bird Genomes astrovirus, picornavirus, coronavirus, calicivirus, parvovirus, circovirus, retrovirus, adenovirus which include known avian pathogens were fully characterized. Putative cross-species transmissions observed showing 95% amino acid identity previously reported poultry. Genomic recombination for some discordant phylogenies based on structural non-structural regions. Mapping next-generation sequencing (NGS) data respectively against revealed these showed distribution pattern differences among habitats (breeding wild), orders, sampling sites but significant between behavioral features (migratory resident). Conclusions existence a highly diverse highlights challenges elucidating evolution, etiology, ecology

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the risk of human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission for conservation and public health

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(6), С. 1534 - 1549

Опубликована: Март 22, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to increased concern over transmission of pathogens from humans animals, and its potential threaten conservation public health. To assess this threat, we reviewed published evidence human-to-wildlife events, with a focus on how such events could animal human We identified 97 verified examples, involving wide range pathogens; however, reported hosts were mostly non-human primates or large, long-lived captive animals. Relatively few documented examples resulted in morbidity mortality, very maintenance pathogen new reservoir subsequent "secondary spillover" back into humans. discuss limitations the literature surrounding these phenomena, including strong sampling bias towards human-proximate mammals possibility systematic against reporting parasites wildlife, both which limit our ability risk transmission. outline researchers can collect experimental observational that will expand capacity for assessment

Язык: Английский

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A strategy to assess spillover risk of bat SARS-related coronaviruses in Southeast Asia

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2022

Emerging diseases caused by coronaviruses of likely bat origin (e.g., SARS, MERS, SADS, COVID-19) have disrupted global health and economies for two decades. Evidence suggests that some SARS-related (SARSr-CoVs) could infect people directly, their spillover is more frequent than previously recognized. Each zoonotic a novel virus represents an opportunity evolutionary adaptation further spread; therefore, quantifying the extent this may help target prevention programs. We derive current range distributions known SARSr-CoV hosts quantify overlap with human populations. then use probabilistic risk assessment data on human-bat contact, viral seroprevalence, antibody duration to estimate median 66,280 (95% CI: 65,351-67,131) are infected SARSr-CoVs annually in Southeast Asia. These geography scale can be used surveillance programs potential future bat-CoV emergence.

Язык: Английский

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Current State of Knowledge about Role of Pets in Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Viruses, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(6), С. 1149 - 1149

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2021

Pets play a crucial role in the development of human feelings, social life, and care. However, era prevailing global pandemic COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many questions addressing routes virus spread transmission to humans are dramatically emerging. Although cases SARS-CoV-2 infection have been found pets including dogs, cats, ferrets, date there is no strong evidence for pet-to-human or sustained pet-to-pet SARS-CoV-2. an increasing number studies reporting detection farmed minks raises suspicion potential viral from these animals humans. Furthermore, due high susceptibility hamsters under natural and/or experimental conditions, extensively explored as animal models study pathogenesis transmission. In this review, we present latest reports focusing on detection, isolation, characterization pets. Moreover, based current literature, document aiming broaden knowledge about pathogenicity transmissibility SARS-CoV-2, therapeutics, drugs vaccines. Lastly, considering rate evolution replication, also suggest protection against virus.

Язык: Английский

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An ACE2-dependent Sarbecovirus in Russian bats is resistant to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(9), С. e1010828 - e1010828

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022

Spillover of sarbecoviruses from animals to humans has resulted in outbreaks severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoVs and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts identify origins SARS-CoV-1 -2 discovery numerous animal sarbecoviruses-the majority which are only distantly related known human pathogens do not infect cells. The receptor binding domain (RBD) on engages molecules host cell mediates invasion. Here, we tested tropism serological cross reactivity for RBDs two found Russian horseshoe bats. While these viruses a viral lineage distinct -2, RBD one virus, Khosta 2, was capable using ACE2 facilitate entry. Viral pseudotypes with recombinant, SARS-CoV-2 spike encoding 2 were resistant both monoclonal antibodies serum individuals vaccinated SARS-CoV-2. Our findings further demonstrate that circulating wildlife outside Asia also pose threat global health vaccine campaigns against

Язык: Английский

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Bat conservation and zoonotic disease risk: a research agenda to prevent misguided persecution in the aftermath of COVID‐19

Animal Conservation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(3), С. 303 - 307

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2020

COVID-19 has spread around the globe, with massive impacts on global human health, national economies and conservation activities. In timely editorial about in maelstrom of COVID-19, Evans et al. (2020) urged community to collaborate other relevant sectors society search for solutions challenges posed by current pandemic, as well future zoonotic outbreaks. Considering association bats (Zhou al., 2020), bat conservationists will undoubtedly be key actors this dialogue, thus an action plan how best adjust new reality, alongside a transdisciplinary research agenda, are clear priorities. spite widespread recognition that bat-associated spill-over events largely rooted activities (Brierley 2016), often presented culprits viral spill-over, real-world repercussions efforts (López-Baucells, Rocha & Fernández-Llamazares, 2018). With one-third world's >1400 species classified threatened or data deficient IUCN Red List (Frick, Kingston Flanders, 2019), even few misguided actions can have long-lasting viability fragile populations. As such, avoiding public vendetta due unwarranted negative associations between zoonoses become pressing need since emergence (MacFarlane Rocha, 2020). Bats play critical roles natural human-modified ecosystems, providing numerous services contribute well-being, such suppression agricultural pests, consumption pathogen-carrying arthropods, pollination seed dispersal ecologically-, culturally- economically important plants (Kunz 2011; Russo, Bosso Ancillotto, Yet, although evidence bat-mediated continues accumulate, so too does highlighting links virulent pathogens (Schneeberger Voigt, 2016). The recently established phylogenetic link SARS-CoV-2, causal agent its most similar known coronavirus relatives (Bat CoV RaTG13 RmYN02), found wild horseshoe Rhinolophus spp. further reinforced disease risk. Worryingly, reports COVID-related backlash against emerging from world, including testimonies actual intended killings Peru, India, Australia Indonesia (see Durán, 2020; Goyal, Lentini Tsang, accounts Rwandan authorities blasting colony straw-coloured fruit Eidolon helvum (classified Near Threatened List) water high-pressure fire hose (P.W. Webala, pers. comm.). Even stakeholders who stand gain concerns resulting misleading media statements assumptions linking all SARS-CoV-2 transmission COVID-19. Malaysia, example, some sellers durian, culturally crop throughout Southeast Asia is pollinated (Aziz 2017), declined associate their businesses bat-related outreach, fearing anti-bat might affect them (S.A. Aziz, Increasing awareness risks associated wildlife curtail legal illegal trade animals (Evans thereby potentially reducing hunting pressure species. while communicating real health hunting, trading eating needed change risky behaviours, fear-inducing messages induce animosity towards group, compromising This list not exhaustive, but our view, it represents high-priority collaborative areas warrant development if we better articulate part valued increasingly risk-averse society. pandemic already closer collaboration researchers, practitioners, environmental and, importantly, communicators social 'influencers'. Bat-associated driven habitat degradation, ecological offer opportunity win-win outcomes both people (Phelps 2019; Sokolow 2019). impact at large effects conservation, perceptions, likely particularly acute. world where humans connected, must work together understand frame risks. Only doing able provide comprehensive unbiased understanding coexistence bats, safeguarding long-term persistence diverse group many life-enhancing provides. RR was supported ARDITI – Madeira's Regional Agency Development Research, Technology Innovation Fellowship (M1420-09-5369-FSE-000002), CEB Miller Postdoctoral NIH Grant # R01-AI129822-01, AJP ARC DECRA (DE190100710), KJO US Defense Threat Reduction Award (HDTRA11710064), RKP NSF (DEB-1716698 DARPA D18AC00031) ECT Irish Research Council Laureate Award.

Язык: Английский

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Experimental challenge of a North American bat species, big brown bat ( Eptesicus fuscus ), with SARS‐CoV‐2

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 68(6), С. 3443 - 3452

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2020

The recently emerged novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is phylogenetically related to bat coronaviruses (CoVs), specifically SARS-related CoVs from the Eurasian family Rhinolophidae. As this human pandemic virus has spread across world, potential impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on native North American populations are unknown, as ability bats serve reservoirs or intermediate hosts able transmit humans other animal species. To help determine populations, we experimentally challenged big brown (Eptesicus fuscus) with under BSL-3 conditions. We inoculated both oropharyngeally and nasally, over ensuing three weeks, measured infectivity, pathology, concentrations in tissues, oral rectal excretion, transmission, clinical signs disease. found no evidence infection any examined bat, including viral detectable disease pathology. Based our findings, it appears that resistant SARS-CoV-2. susceptibility species remains be investigated.

Язык: Английский

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Implications of Zoonoses From Hunting and Use of Wildlife in North American Arctic and Boreal Biomes: Pandemic Potential, Monitoring, and Mitigation

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 5, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has re-focused attention on mechanisms that lead to zoonotic disease spillover and spread. Commercial wildlife trade, associated markets, are recognized for emergence, resulting in a growing global conversation around reducing human risks from with hunting, consumption of wild animals. These discussions especially relevant people who rely harvesting meet nutritional, cultural needs, including those Arctic boreal regions. Global policies use trade can impact food sovereignty security, Indigenous Peoples. We reviewed known pathogens current transmission (including fish) humans North American biomes, evaluated the epidemic potential these zoonoses. discuss future concerns, consider monitoring mitigation measures changing socio-ecological systems. While multiple circulate systems, mostly limited individual illness or local community outbreaks. regions relatively remote, subject very cold temperatures, have low wildlife, domestic animal, pathogen diversity, many cases density, humans. Hence, favorable conditions emergence novel diseases major amplification event currently not present. greatest risk northern communities is via introduction visiting other areas. However, ecosystems undergoing rapid changes through climate warming, habitat encroachment, development; all which change host relationships, thereby affecting probability new (and re-emergence old) leadership engagement monitoring, prevention response, vital outset, would increase success such efforts, as well ensure protection rights outlined United Nations Declaration Rights Partnering Knowledge Systems improve timeliness, likelihood, detecting emerging risks, contextualize assessments unique human-wildlife relationships present biomes.

Язык: Английский

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