Theranostic Fluorescent Probes

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(5), С. 2699 - 2804

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

The ability to gain spatiotemporal information, and in some cases achieve control, the context of drug delivery makes theranostic fluorescent probes an attractive intensely investigated research topic. This interest is reflected steep rise publications on topic that have appeared over past decade. Theranostic probes, their various incarnations, generally comprise a fluorophore linked masked drug, which released as result certain stimuli, with both intrinsic extrinsic stimuli being reported. release then signaled by emergence signal. Importantly, use appropriate fluorophores has enabled not only this emerging fluorescence marker for but also provided modalities useful photodynamic, photothermal, sonodynamic therapeutic applications. In review we highlight recent work particular focus are activated tumor microenvironments. We summarize efforts develop other applications, such neurodegenerative diseases antibacterials. celebrates diversity designs reported date, from discrete small-molecule systems nanomaterials. Our aim provide insights into potential clinical impact still-emerging direction.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in Alzheimer’s disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stands as the predominant form of dementia, presenting significant and escalating global challenges. Its etiology is intricate diverse, stemming from a combination factors such aging, genetics, environment. Our current understanding AD pathologies involves various hypotheses, cholinergic, amyloid, tau protein, inflammatory, oxidative stress, metal ion, glutamate excitotoxicity, microbiota-gut-brain axis, abnormal autophagy. Nonetheless, unraveling interplay among these pathological aspects pinpointing primary initiators require further elucidation validation. In past decades, most clinical drugs have been discontinued due to limited effectiveness or adverse effects. Presently, available primarily offer symptomatic relief often accompanied by undesirable side However, recent approvals aducanumab ( 1 ) lecanemab 2 Food Drug Administration (FDA) present potential in disrease-modifying Nevertheless, long-term efficacy safety need Consequently, quest for safer more effective persists formidable pressing task. This review discusses pathogenesis, advances diagnostic biomarkers, latest updates trials, emerging technologies drug development. We highlight progress discovery selective inhibitors, dual-target allosteric modulators, covalent proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators. goal provide insights into prospective development application novel drugs.

Язык: Английский

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Designing the next-generation clinical care pathway for Alzheimer’s disease

Nature Aging, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(8), С. 692 - 703

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests of amyloid pathology — recommendations from the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer’s Disease

Nature Reviews Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(7), С. 426 - 439

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Anti-amyloid treatments for early symptomatic Alzheimer disease have recently become clinically available in some countries, which has greatly increased the need biomarker confirmation of amyloid pathology. Blood (BBM) tests pathology are more acceptable, accessible and scalable than PET or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, but highly variable levels performance. The Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease convened a BBM Workgroup to consider minimum acceptable performance clinical use. Amyloid status was identified as reference standard. For use triaging test before subsequent confirmatory such CSF recommends that sensitivity ≥90% with specificity ≥85% primary care ≥75–85% secondary depending availability follow-up testing. without should equivalent — ~90%. Importantly, predictive values all vary according pre-test probability must be interpreted complete context. Use meet these standards could enable people receive an accurate timely diagnosis potentially benefit from new treatments. blood offer test. This Consensus Statement provides recommendations

Язык: Английский

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Neurotransmitter systems in the etiology of major neurological disorders: Emerging insights and therapeutic implications

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 89, С. 101994 - 101994

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Recent Developments in the Design and Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors Using Functional Materials and Molecules

Biosensors, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(4), С. 424 - 424

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Electrochemical biosensors are superior technologies that used to detect or sense biologically and environmentally significant analytes in a laboratory environment, even the form of portable handheld wearable electronics. Recently, imprinted implantable emerging as point-of-care devices, which monitor target continuous environment alert intended users anomalies. The stability performance developed biosensor depend on nature properties electrode material platform is constructed. Therefore, plays an integral role effectiveness biosensor. Enormous effort has been dedicated rational design fabrication strategies for improving biosensors. Every year, search multifarious materials, thousands new platforms reported. Moreover, order construct effectual biosensor, researcher should familiarize themself with sensible behind fabrication. Thus, we intend shed light various methodologies utilized electrochemical facilitate sensitive selective detection analytes. Furthermore, this review highlights advantages materials correlation between immobilized biomolecules modified surfaces.

Язык: Английский

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Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in the Retina

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 101, С. 101273 - 101273

Опубликована: Май 15, 2024

The retina is an emerging CNS target for potential noninvasive diagnosis and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have identified the pathological hallmarks AD, including amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposits abnormal tau protein isoforms, in retinas AD patients animal models. Moreover, structural functional vascular abnormalities such as reduced blood flow, Aβ deposition, blood-retinal barrier damage, along with inflammation neurodegeneration, been described mild cognitive impairment dementia. Histological, biochemical, clinical studies demonstrated that nature severity pathologies brain correspond. Proteomics analysis revealed a similar pattern dysregulated proteins biological pathways patients, enhanced inflammatory neurodegenerative processes, impaired oxidative-phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, investigational imaging technologies can now detect AD-specific deposits, well vasculopathy neurodegeneration living suggesting alterations at different stages links to pathology. Current exploratory ophthalmic modalities, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, hyperspectral imaging, may offer promise assessment AD. However, further research needed deepen our understanding AD's impact on its progression. To advance this field, future require replication larger diverse cohorts confirmed biomarkers standardized retinal techniques. This will validate aiding early screening monitoring.

Язык: Английский

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Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(2), С. 1168 - 1168

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease which manifests with progressive cognitive impairment, leading to dementia. Considering noninvasive collection of saliva, we designed systematic review answer question “Are salivary biomarkers reliable for diagnosis Disease?” Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were included in this (according PRISMA statement guidelines). Potential include mainly proteins, metabolites even miRNAs. Based on meta-analysis, AD patients, levels beta-amyloid42 p-tau significantly increased, t-tau lactoferrin decreased at borderline statistical significance. However, according pooled AUC, showed a significant predictive value salivary-based diagnosis. In conclusion, potential markers such as beta-amyloid42, tau can be detected saliva could reliably support early disease.

Язык: Английский

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Cutting through the noise: A narrative review of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers for routine clinical use

The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100056 - 100056

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

As novel, anti-amyloid therapies have become more widely available, access to timely and accurate diagnosis has integral ensuring optimal treatment of patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma biomarkers are a promising tool for identifying AD pathology; however, several technical clinical factors need be considered prior their implementation in routine use. Given the rapid pace advancements field wide array available tests, this review aims summarize these considerations, evaluate platforms, discuss steps needed bring plasma biomarker testing clinic. We focus on phosphorylated(p)-tau, specifically p-tau217, as robust candidate across both primary secondary care settings. Despite high performance robustness demonstrated research, like all biomarkers, can affected by analytical pre-analytical variability well patient comorbidities, sex, ethnicity, race. This also discusses advantages two-point cut-off approach mitigating factors, challenges raised resulting intermediate range measurements, where guidance is still unclear. Further validation p-tau217 heterogeneous, real-world cohorts will help increase confidence support establishing standardized approach. poised affordable less invasive alternative PET CSF testing. However, understanding that impact measurement interpretation critical

Язык: Английский

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Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis via Intuitionistic Fuzzy Random Vector Functional Link Network

IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(4), С. 4754 - 4765

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent neurodegenerative disorder, which leads to memory loss and cognitive impairment. The progression irreversible shows atrophies in cerebral cortex. Multiple studies revealed that the early diagnosis treatment can slow progress of dementia, hence, further be controlled. Brain imaging data, such as magnetic resonance (MRI), have been prominently used for AD. approaches proposed We propose novel intuitionistic fuzzy random vector functional link network (IFRVFL) Unlike standard (RVFL) network, extreme learning machine (ELM), kernel ridge regression (KRR), uses uniform weighting approach generating optimal classifier, IFRVFL weighted classifier. A scheme assumes all data samples are equally important; however, real-world scenarios, this assumption may not hold true due presence outliers noise. Hence, it results lower generalization. assigns each sample an number (IFN), function membership nonmembership score sample. distance from centroid its corresponding class well neighborhood given effectively reduces influence outliers. To evaluate efficiency model, we employed Experimental demonstrate model superior mild impairment (MCI) versus AD case. Thus, clinical setting Furthermore, check robustness also evaluated on benchmark datasets. statistical tests reveal better comparison baseline models. source code formulation available at https://github.com/mtanveer1/.

Язык: Английский

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