Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(9), С. 607 - 632

Опубликована: Май 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Chronobiology and Chronomedicine

Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Circadian rhythms have been shown to be ubiquitous and critically important in the experimental laboratory, accounting for difference between life death response identical stimulus. The partly endogenous nature of circadian has well documented methods their characterisation developed enabling cellular molecular mechanisms understood. Chronobiology Chronomedicine aims provide a review these underlying illustrate role brain’s suprachiasmatic nuclei ‘pace-making’ process effects caused by ‘clock genes’ present almost all cells. Beyond involved, book discusses relationship body systems, disease, proper function; particular, how disruption rhythm is associated with ill health disease status from observations made at organismic level. organised an ideal introduction postgraduate various fields, reviewing developments outlining show depth breadth chronobiology chronomedicine, as invaluable companion researchers healthcare professionals working field interest developing novel therapeutic approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Circadian Rhythms, Disease and Chronotherapy

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(6), С. 503 - 531

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2021

Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, exemplified by cycles sleep/wake, hormone release, metabolism. The adaptive value is evident when internal body daily environmental mismatched, such as in the case shift work jet lag or even mistimed eating, all which associated with physiological disruption disease. Studies animal human models have also unraveled an important role functional circadian modulating cellular organismal responses to cues (ex., food intake, exercise), pathological insults (e.g. virus parasite infections), medical interventions medication). With growing knowledge molecular underlying pathophysiology, it becoming possible target for disease prevention treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances research potential therapeutic applications take patient into account treating

Язык: Английский

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Exercise training elicits superior metabolic effects when performed in the afternoon compared to morning in metabolically compromised humans

Physiological Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(24)

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2020

The circadian clock and metabolism are tightly intertwined. Hence, the specific timing of interventions that target metabolic changes may affect their efficacy. Here we retrospectively compared health effects morning versus afternoon exercise training in metabolically compromised subjects enrolled a 12-week program. Thirty-two adult males (58 ± 7 yrs) at risk for or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes performed 12 weeks supervised either (8.00-10.00 a.m., N = 12) (3.00-6.00 p.m., 20). Compared to participants who trained morning, experienced superior beneficial on peripheral insulin sensitivity (+5.2 6.4 vs. -0.5 5.4 μmol/min/kgFFM, p .03), insulin-mediated suppression adipose tissue lipolysis (-4.5 13.7% +5.9 11%, .04), fasting plasma glucose levels (-0.3 1.0 +0.5 0.8 mmol/l, .02), performance (+0.40 0.2 +0.2 0.1 W/kg, .05) fat mass (-1.2 1.3 -0.2 kg, .03). In addition, also tended elicit basal hepatic output (p .057). Our findings suggest reap more pronounced benefits from when this is morning. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV ID: NCT01317576.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial

Diabetologia, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 64(9), С. 2061 - 2076

Опубликована: Май 19, 2021

Abstract Aims/hypothesis We determined whether the time of day exercise training (morning vs evening) would modulate effects consumption a high-fat diet (HFD) on glycaemic control, whole-body health markers and serum metabolomics. Methods In this three-armed parallel-group randomised trial undertaken at university in Melbourne, Australia, overweight/obese men consumed an HFD (65% energy from fat) for 11 consecutive days. Participants were recruited via social media community advertisements. Eligibility criteria participation male sex, age 30–45 years, BMI 27.0–35.0 kg/m 2 sedentary lifestyle. The main exclusion known CVD or type diabetes, taking prescription medications, shift-work. After 5 days, participants allocated using computer random generator to either morning (06:30 hours), evening (18:30 hours) no subsequent researchers not blinded group assignment. Changes metabolites, circulating lipids, cardiorespiratory fitness, BP, control (from continuous glucose monitoring) compared between groups. Results Twenty-five n = 9; 8; 8) 24 completed study included analyses ( 8 per group). Five days induced marked perturbations metabolites related lipid amino acid metabolism. Exercise had smaller impact than changes only was able partly reverse some HFD-induced metabolomic profiles. Twenty-four-hour concentrations lower after with participants’ habitual (5.3 ± 0.4 5.6 mmol/l, p 0.001). There significant h but nocturnal levels observed who trained evening, when they alone (4.9 5.3 0.3 0.04). Compared no-exercise group, peak oxygen uptake improved both (estimated effect 1.3 ml min −1 kg [95% CI 0.5, 2.0], 0.003) 1.4 0.6, 2.2], Fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol LDL-cholesterol decreased training. unintended adverse effects. Conclusions/interpretation A short-term substantial alterations lipid- acid-related metabolites. Improvements fitness similar regardless However, improvements partial reversal metabolic profiles evening. Trial registration anzctr.org.au no. ACTRN12617000304336. Funding This funded by Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493). Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Timing of physical activity in relation to liver fat content and insulin resistance

Diabetologia, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 66(3), С. 461 - 471

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

Abstract Aims/hypothesis We hypothesised that the insulin-sensitising effect of physical activity depends on timing activity. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations breaks in sedentary time and with liver fat content insulin resistance a Dutch cohort. Methods In 775 participants Netherlands Epidemiology Obesity (NEO) study, assessed time, different intensities using sensors, by magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( n =256). Participants were categorised as being most active morning (06:00–12:00 hours), afternoon (12:00–18:00 hours) or evening (18:00–00:00 engaging moderate-to-vigorous-physical (MVPA) evenly distributed throughout day. Most certain block was defined spending majority (%) total daily MVPA block. between HOMA-IR linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic lifestyle factors including body fat. Associations additionally MVPA. Results The (42% men) had mean (SD) age 56 (4) years BMI 26.2 (4.1) kg/m 2 . Total not associated resistance, whereas amount higher content. (−5%/h [95% CI −10%/h, 0%/h]) reduced but Compared who an even distribution day, similar (−3% −25%, 16%]) those morning, it (−18% −33%, −2%]) (−25% −49%, −4%]). Conclusions/interpretation number lower resistance. Moderate-to-vigorous reduction up to 25% Further studies should assess whether is also important occurrence type diabetes. Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Exercise timing influences multi-tissue metabolome and skeletal muscle proteome profiles in type 2 diabetic patients – A randomized crossover trial

Metabolism, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 135, С. 155268 - 155268

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2022

Aims/hypothesisMetabolic effects of exercise may partly depend on the time-of-day when is performed. We tested hypothesis that timing affects adaptations in multi-tissue metabolome and skeletal muscle proteome profiles men with type 2 diabetes.MethodsMen fitting inclusion (type diabetes, age 45–68 years body mass index 23–33 kg/m2) exclusion criteria (insulin treatment, smoking, concurrent systemic disease, regular training) were included a randomized crossover trial (n = 15). Participants this metabolomics proteomics analysis fully completed all sessions 8). The consisted two weeks high-intensity interval training (HIT) (three sessions/week) either morning (08:00, n 5) or afternoon (16:45, 3), two-week wash-out period, an additional HIT at opposing time. researchers not blinded to group allocation. Blood, subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained before first, after each period. Broad-spectrum, untargeted proteomic was performed muscle, metabolomic biosamples. Differential content assessed by linear regression pathway set enrichment analyses Coordinated metabolic changes across tissues identified Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsMetabolic remained stable HIT, individual metabolites proteins altered, irrespective time day which However, coordinated relevant pathways protein categories identified. Morning similarly increased plasma diacylglycerols, acyl-carnitines, sphingomyelins lysophospholipids. Acyl-carnitines central training-induced cross-talk tissues. Plasma carbohydrates, via penthose phosphate pathway, lipids decreased compared HIT. Skeletal lipoproteins higher, mitochondrial complex III abundance lower HIT.Conclusions/interpretationWe provide comprehensive responses different times diabetes. Increased circulating lipid composition common between greater degree than training. Thus, there diurnal component response clinical relevance warrants further investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolism and exercise: the skeletal muscle clock takes centre stage

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(5), С. 272 - 284

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Association of Timing of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity With Changes in Glycemic Control Over 4 Years in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes From the Look AHEAD Trial

Diabetes Care, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(7), С. 1417 - 1424

Опубликована: Май 25, 2023

OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the association of time-of-day bout-related moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (bMVPA) with changes in glycemic control across 4 years adults overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 2,416 participants (57% women; mean age, 59 years) 7-day waist-worn accelerometry recording at year 1 or 4, we assigned bMVPA timing groups based on participants’ temporal distribution recategorized them 4. The time-varying exposure (≥10-min bout) was defined as ≥50% occurring during same time period (morning, midday, afternoon, evening), <50% any (mixed), ≤1 day per week (inactive). RESULTS HbA1c reduction varied among (P = 0.02), independent weekly volume intensity. afternoon group had greatest versus inactive (−0.22% [95%CI −0.39%, −0.06%]), magnitude which 30–50% larger than other groups. odds discontinuation maintaining initiating glucose-lowering medications differed by 0.04). highest (odds ratio 2.13 [95% CI 1.29, 3.52]). For all year-4 groups, there were no significant between CONCLUSIONS performed is associated improvements diabetes, especially within initial 12 months an intervention. Experimental studies are needed examine causality.

Язык: Английский

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Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 76(4)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract The circadian timing system controls glucose metabolism in a time‐of‐day dependent manner. In mammals, the consists of main central clock bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks peripheral tissues. oscillations produced by these different with period approximately 24‐h are generated transcriptional‐translational feedback loops set core genes. Glucose homeostasis is one daily rhythms controlled this system. pacemaker SCN through its neural projections to hypothalamic hubs that control feeding behavior energy metabolism. Using hormones such as adrenal glucocorticoids melatonin autonomic nervous system, modulates critical processes production insulin sensitivity. Peripheral tissues, liver, muscle, adipose tissue serve enhance sustain signals. optimal situation all synchronized aligned environmental light/dark cycle. A negative impact on becomes apparent when internal disturbed, also known desynchrony or misalignment. Circadian may occur at several levels, mistiming light exposure sleep will especially affect clock, whereas food intake physical activity involve clocks. review, we summarize literature investigating how it result development resistance. addition, discuss potential strategies aimed reinstating synchrony improve sensitivity contribute prevention type 2 diabetes.

Язык: Английский

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