Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Май 28, 2021
The
corticostriatal
circuit
has
been
identified
as
a
vital
pathway
for
associative
learning.
However,
how
learning
is
implemented
when
the
sensory
striatum
permanently
impaired
remains
unclear.
Using
chemogenetic
techniques
to
suppress
layer
five
auditory
cortex
(AC)
input
striatum,
of
sound
discrimination
task
was
significantly
impacted
in
freely
moving
Mongolian
gerbils,
particular
this
suppression
occurs
early
on
during
Whole-cell
recordings
sampled
throughout
revealed
transient
reduction
postsynaptic
(GABAA)
inhibition
both
striatal
D1
and
D2
cells
normal-hearing
gerbils
acquisition.
In
contrast,
baseline
inhibitory
strengths
firing
rates
were
reduced
by
period
developmental
deprivation,
accompanied
augmented
increased
rates.
Direct
manipulation
vivo
vitro
key
role
changes
Together,
these
results
reveal
flexible
synaptic
plasticity
mechanism
that
accompanies
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
42(46), С. 8716 - 8728
Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2022
Sensory
driven
activity
during
early
life
is
critical
for
setting
up
the
proper
connectivity
of
sensory
cortices.
We
ask
here
whether
social
play
behavior,
a
particular
form
interaction
that
highly
abundant
postweaning
development,
equally
important
connections
in
developing
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC).
Young
male
rats
were
deprived
from
with
peers
period
when
behavior
normally
peaks
[postnatal
day
21–42]
(SPD
rats),
followed
by
resocialization
until
adulthood.
recorded
synaptic
currents
layer
5
cells
slices
medial
PFC
adult
SPD
and
control
observed
inhibitory
reduced
slices,
while
excitatory
unaffected.
This
was
associated
decrease
perisomatic
synapses
parvalbumin-positive
GABAergic
cells.
In
parallel
experiments,
achieved
more
reversals
probabilistic
reversal
learning
(PRL)
task,
which
depends
on
integrity
PFC,
using
simplified
cognitive
strategy
than
controls.
Interestingly,
we
one
daily
hour
partially
rescued
behavioral
performance
PRL,
but
did
not
prevent
inputs.
Our
data
demonstrate
importance
unrestricted
development
skills
adulthood
show
specific
alterations
can
result
complex
outcome.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
study
addressed
question
juvenile
contributes
to
functional
found
had
been
(social
deprivation
-
SPD)
showed
reduction
solve
task
Providing
these
rats,
synapses.
results
key
role
emphasize
relation
between
circuit
function.
Progress in Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
212, С. 102247 - 102247
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022
Understanding
the
neurophysiological
mechanisms
that
drive
human
behavior
has
been
a
long-standing
focus
of
cognitive
neuroscience.
One
well-known
neuro-metabolite
involved
in
creation
optimal
behavioral
repertoires
is
GABA,
main
inhibitory
neurochemical
brain.
Converging
evidence
from
both
animal
and
studies
indicates
individual
variations
GABAergic
function
are
associated
with
performance.
In
humans,
one
increasingly
used
vivo
approach
to
measuring
GABA
levels
through
Magnetic
Resonance
Spectroscopy
(MRS).
However,
implications
MRS
measures
for
remain
poorly
understood.
this
respect,
it
yet
be
determined
how
within
distinct
task-related
brain
regions
interest
account
differences
This
review
summarizes
findings
cross-sectional
baseline
MRS-assessed
examined
their
associations
performance
on
various
behaviors
representing
perceptual,
motor
domains,
particular
healthy
participants
across
lifespan.
Overall,
results
indicate
play
pivotal
role
domains
behavior.
Even
though
some
converging
patterns
emerge,
challenging
draw
comprehensive
conclusions
due
task
paradigms,
targeted
interest,
implemented
techniques
reference
compounds
used.
Across
all
studies,
effects
point
generic
partially
independent
functions
refer
distinctiveness,
interference
suppression
flexibility.
On
hand,
higher
may
support
distinctiveness
neural
representations
during
better
coping
preferred
response
tendencies.
other
lower
reduction
inhibition,
leading
These
task-dependent
appear
mediated
by
age.
Nonetheless,
additional
using
emerging
advanced
methods
required
further
clarify
Hearing Research,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
397, С. 107976 - 107976
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2020
Sensory
input
has
profound
effects
on
neuronal
organization
and
sensory
maps
in
the
brain.
The
mechanisms
regulating
plasticity
of
auditory
pathway
have
been
revealed
by
examining
consequences
altered
during
both
developmental
critical
periods-when
facilitates
optimization
neural
circuits
concert
with
external
environment-and
adulthood-when
hearing
loss
is
linked
to
generation
tinnitus.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
research
identifying
molecular,
cellular,
circuit-level
tonotopic
map
periods
adulthood.
These
are
shared
juvenile
adult
brain
along
length
pathway,
where
they
serve
regulate
disinhibitory
networks,
synaptic
structure
function,
as
well
structural
barriers
plasticity.
Regulation
also
involves
neuromodulatory
circuits,
which
link
learning
attention,
ascending
descending
cortex
lower
structures.
Further
work
interplay
molecular
cellular
associating
loss-induced
tinnitus
will
continue
advance
our
understanding
disorder
lead
new
approaches
its
treatment.
Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2022
Neuronal
hyperexcitability
in
the
central
auditory
pathway
linked
to
reduced
inhibitory
activity
is
associated
with
numerous
forms
of
hearing
loss,
including
noise
damage,
age-dependent
and
deafness,
as
well
tinnitus
or
processing
deficits
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD).
In
most
cases,
accompanying
are
interpreted
an
active
compensatory
response
absence
synaptic
activity,
increased
neural
gain
control
(increased
output
relative
input).
We
here
suggest
that
also
could
be
related
immaturity
impairment
tonic
strength
typically
develops
activity-dependent
process
ascending
experience.
these
high-SR
nerve
fibers,
which
critical
for
shortest
latencies
lowest
sound
thresholds,
may
have
either
not
matured
(possibly
congenital
deafness
autism)
dysfunctional
after
sudden,
stressful
trauma
loss
cognitive
decline).
Fast
can
occur
despite
maintained
basal
hearing.
case,
nuclei,
fast
parvalbumin
positive
interneuron
(PV-IN)
dendrites
diminished
frontal
brain
regions.
This
leads
hippocampal
LTP/LTD
deficiencies,
deficits,
unbalanced
extra-hypothalamic
stress
control.
Under
conditions,
a
weaken
local
neuronal
coupling
homeostatic
vascular
responses
required
metabolic
support
adjustment
processes.
emphasize
need
distinguish
two
states
excitatory/inhibitory
imbalance
disorders:
(i)
conditions
preserved
sustained
strength,
following
deprivation
maintain
precise
through
memory
linked,
transient
disinhibition
enhanced
spiking
fidelity
(central
gain⇑)
(ii)
critically
part
synchronization
over
broader
frequency
range,
reliability
gain⇓).
latter
stage
mutually
reinforces
processes,
increasing
risks
canonical
dementia
syndromes.
Ear and Hearing,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
45(4), С. 915 - 928
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024
Objectives:
Understanding
speech
in
noise
(SIN)
is
the
dominant
complaint
of
individuals
with
hearing
loss.
For
decades,
default
test
perception
routine
audiologic
assessment
has
been
monosyllabic
word
recognition
quiet
(WRQ),
which
does
not
directly
address
patient
concerns,
leading
some
to
advocate
that
measures
SIN
should
be
integrated
into
practice.
However,
very
little
known
regard
how
abilities
are
affected
by
different
types
Here,
we
examine
performance
on
clinical
WRQ
and
a
large
base
consisting
variety
loss
types,
including
conductive
(CHL),
mixed
(MHL),
sensorineural
(SNHL)
losses.
Design:
In
retrospective
study,
examined
data
from
5593
patients
(51%
female)
who
underwent
audiometric
at
Stanford
Ear
Institute.
All
completed
pure-tone
audiometry,
testing
monaural
WRQ,
QuickSIN.
Patient
ages
ranged
18
104
years
(average
=
57).
The
average
age
for
classifications
was
51.1
(NH),
48.5
64.2
68.5
(SNHL),
respectively.
Generalized
linear
mixed-effect
models
quartile
regression
were
used
determine
relationship
between
type
severity
speech-recognition
outcome
measures.
Results:
Patients
CHL
had
similar
normal
both
QuickSIN,
regardless
severity.
MHL
or
SNHL,
scores
remained
largely
excellent
increasing
until
moderately
severe
worse.
contrast,
QuickSIN
signal
ratio
(SNR)
losses
showed
an
orderly
systematic
decrease
as
degree
became
more
severe.
This
effect
scaled
data,
threshold-QuickSIN
relationships
absent
CHL,
becoming
increasingly
stronger
strongest
SNHL.
variability
these
suggests
only
57%
variance
scores,
50%
SNR
losses,
could
accounted
thresholds.
would
differentiated
shown
potentially
differentiable
scores.
Conclusions:
this
set,
decreased
increased.
deficits
degrees
yielded
considerable
even
after
classifying
according
their
loss,
thresholds
account
portion
abilities,
particularly
noise.
These
results
consistent
idea
variables
such
cochlear
health
aging
add
explanatory
power
over
audibility
alone.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2020
Plasticity
is
a
fundamental
property
of
the
nervous
system
that
enables
its
adaptations
to
ever-changing
environment.
Heightened
plasticity
typical
for
developing
circuits
facilitates
their
robust
experience-driven
functional
maturation.
This
wanes
during
adolescence
permit
stabilization
mature
brain
function,
but
abundant
evidence
supports
adult
exhibit
both
transient
and
long-term
experience-induced
plasticity.
Sensory-driven
cortical
has
been
extensively
studied
throughout
life
span
main
distinction
between
development
adulthood
arising
from
these
studies
concept
passive
exposure
relevant
information
sufficient
drive
early
in
life,
while
higher-order
attentional
mechanisms
are
necessary
plastic
changes
adults.
Recent
work
primary
visual
auditory
cortices
began
define
circuit
govern
processes
enable
continuous
adaptation
environment,
with
disinhibition
emerging
as
common
prerequisite
developmental
Drawing
systems,
this
review
summarizes
recent
reports
on
cellular
brains
emphasizes
similarities
differences
them.
Benefits
distinct
used
at
different
ages
discussed
context
sensory
learning,
well
relationship
maladaptive
neurodevelopmental
disorders.
Knowledge
gaps
avenues
future
highlighted,
will
hopefully
motivate
research
areas,
particularly
those
pertaining
learning
complex
skills
development.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
132, С. 61 - 75
Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2021
The
auditory
system
provides
us
with
extremely
rich
and
precise
information
about
the
outside
world.
Once
a
sound
reaches
our
ears,
acoustic
it
carries
travels
from
cochlea
all
way
to
cortex,
where
its
complexity
nuances
are
integrated.
In
functional
circuits
formed
by
subpopulations
of
intermingled
excitatory
inhibitory
cells.
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
evidence
specific
contributions
neurons
in
processing
integration.
We
first
examine
intrinsic
properties
three
main
classes
interneurons
cortex.
Then,
describe
how
inhibition
shapes
responsiveness
cortex
sound.
Finally,
contribute
sensation
perception
sounds.
Altogether,
review
points
out
crucial
role
cortical
integrating
context,
history,
or
meaning
It
also
highlights
open
questions
be
addressed
for
increasing
understanding
staggering
leading
subtlest
perception.
Ear Nose & Throat Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Objective:
Early-onset
otitis
media
with
effusion
(OME)
can
affect
the
development
of
auditory
nervous
system
and
thus
lead
to
processing
abnormalities.
This
study
aims
review
effect
childhood
OME
on
abilities
in
children.
Methods:
A
systematic
literature,
restricted
English
language
from
1990
2022
was
conducted
using
search
engines
like
PubMed,
Embase,
Google
Scholar.
After
selecting
articles
following
predefined
inclusion
exclusion
criteria,
data
were
extracted
meta-analysis
performed.
Results:
total
10
met
criteria.
Children
a
history
had
poorer
performance
most
behavioral
electrophysiological
tests.
Pooled
analysis
various
tests
such
as
gap
noise
test,
frequency
pattern
test
(verbal
nonverbal),
latencies
brainstem
response-I,
V,
I
III,
V
showed
difference
between
2
groups.
Conclusion:
Childhood
significantly
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Май 24, 2022
Abstract
Elevated
neural
plasticity
during
development
contributes
to
dramatic
improvements
in
perceptual,
motor,
and
cognitive
skills.
However,
malleable
circuits
are
vulnerable
environmental
influences
that
may
disrupt
behavioral
maturation.
While
these
risks
well-established
prior
sexual
maturity
(i.e.,
critical
periods),
the
degree
of
vulnerability
adolescence
remains
uncertain.
Here,
we
induce
transient
hearing
loss
(HL)
spanning
gerbils,
ask
whether
maturation
disrupted.
We
find
adolescent
HL
causes
a
significant
perceptual
deficit
can
be
attributed
degraded
auditory
cortex
processing,
as
assessed
with
wireless
single
neuron
recordings
within-session
population-level
analyses.
Finally,
brain
slices
from
animals
reveal
synaptic
deficits
distinct
those
typically
observed
after
period
deprivation.
Taken
together,
results
show
diminished
sensory
experience
cause
long-lasting
originate,
part,
dysfunctional
cortical
circuit.
Cerebral Cortex,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
33(15), С. 9399 - 9408
Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023
Experience-dependent
organization
of
neuronal
connectivity
is
critical
for
brain
development.
We
recently
demonstrated
the
importance
social
play
behavior
developmental
fine-tuning
inhibitory
synapses
in
medial
prefrontal
cortex
rats.
When
these
effects
experience
occur
and
if
this
happens
uniformly
throughout
currently
unclear.
Here
we
report
important
temporal
regional
heterogeneity
impact
on
development
excitatory
neurotransmission
orbitofrontal
cortex.
recorded
layer
5
pyramidal
neurons
from
juvenile
(postnatal
day
(P)21),
adolescent
(P42),
adult
(P85)
rats
after
deprivation
(between
P21
P42).
The
subregions
followed
different
trajectories.
On
P21,
synaptic
input
was
higher
than
Social
did
not
affect
currents,
but
reduced
transmission
both
Intriguingly,
reduction
occurred
during
deprivation,
whereas
only
became
manifested
deprivation.
These
data
reveal
a
complex
interaction
between
specific
trajectories
subregions.