A Review of Human Physiological Responses to Light: Implications for the Development of Integrative Lighting Solutions

LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(3), С. 387 - 414

Опубликована: Март 26, 2021

Architectural lighting has potent biological effects but applied practices that capitalize on this potential have been limited. In review, we endeavor to consolidate and synthesize key references will be useful for professionals, with the goal of supporting knowledge translation into pragmatic strategies. Specifically, explain relevant terminology, outline basic concepts, identify references, provide a balanced overview current state knowledge, highlight important remaining questions. We summarize physiological light human health well-being, including description processes underlying photic regulation circadian, neuroendocrine, neurobehavioral functions. review seminal work elucidating elements mediating potency these responses, specific attention factors critical interpreting those findings. parallel, endorse melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (Ev,melD65) as preferred measure quantify light. Ultimately, while future studies are necessary further facilitate laboratory domestic workplace settings, immediate better support is clear. Aiming integrative solutions biologically high during day low night perhaps most improvement made in order applications humans.

Язык: Английский

---

Retinofugal projections in the mouse

The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 522(16), С. 3733 - 3753

Опубликована: Май 30, 2014

ABSTRACT The laboratory mouse is increasingly a subject for visual system investigation, but there has been no comprehensive evaluation of this species' projections. Here, projections were visualized and mapped following intraocular injection cholera toxin B subunit. Tissue was processed using standard procedures applied to 30 μm free‐floating sections with diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. retina projects ∼46 brain regions, including 14 not previously described in species. These include two amygdaloid nuclei, horizontal limb diagonal band, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, several thalamic paranigral pretectal dorsal cortex inferior colliculus. Dense retinal patches also observed narrow portion ipsilateral intermediate layer superior fasciculus accessory optic tract, which innervates medial terminal determined be zone throughout its length. results are compared previous descriptions from intrinsically photoreceptive ganglion cells, data hamster, Nile grass rat, rat. projection patterns similar all four species, although many differences respect details. specific functions most retinorecipient areas unknown, substantial convergence onto regions concerned olfaction audition. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3733–3753, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Язык: Английский

---

Opponent melanopsin and S-cone signals in the human pupillary light response

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 111(43), С. 15568 - 15572

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2014

Significance Our eyes sense bright light using cones (L, M, and S) recently discovered melanopsin-containing ganglion cells. Both S melanopsin respond to blueish (short-wavelength) light. How does interact with the in visual function? We measured response of human pupil isolated stimulation different photoreceptors. work reveals a curious, opponent blue otherwise familiar pupillary response. Increased can cause dilate, but this effect is usually masked by stronger opposite from results have clinical importance because sensing known be related seasonal depression, sleep, pain

Язык: Английский

---

Linking Light Exposure and Subsequent Sleep: A Field Polysomnography Study in Humans

SLEEP, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 40(12)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2017

To determine the effect of light exposure on subsequent sleep characteristics under ambulatory field conditions. Twenty healthy participants were fitted with polysomnography (PSG) and wrist-actigraphs to assess exposure, rest–activity, quality, timing, architecture. Laboratory salivary dim-light melatonin onset was analyzed endogenous circadian phase. Later clock phase associated lower intensity (R2 = 0.34, χ2(1) 7.19, p < .01), later (quadratic, controlling for daylength, R2 0.47, χ2(3) 32.38, .0001), timing 0.71, 20.39, .0001). Those first more than 10 lux had awakenings during (controlled 0.36, χ2(2) 8.66, .05). subsequently a shorter latency rapid eye movement (REM) episode 0.21, 5.77, less higher percentage REM 0.43, 13.90, .001) in modulated manner. Slow-wave accumulation observed be larger after preceding high maximal early (p The quality architecture is exposure. We propose that do not only modulate circadian-driven aspects but also homeostatic pressure. These novel PSG findings are highlight direct relationship between sleep, combining knowledge regulation by light. Upon confirmation interventional studies, this hypothesis could change current understanding its prior This study clinical trial. ethically approved nationally registered (NL48468.042.14).

Язык: Английский

---

Assessing Rod, Cone, and Melanopsin Contributions to Human Pupil Flicker Responses

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 55(2), С. 719 - 719

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2014

Purpose.: We determined the relative contributions of rods, cones, and melanopsin to pupil responses in humans using temporal sinusoidal stimulation for light levels spanning low mesopic photopic range. Methods.: A four-primary Ganzfeld photostimulator controlled flicker stimulations at seven (−2.7 2 log cd/m2) five frequencies (0.5–8 Hz). Pupil diameter was measured a high-resolution eye tracker. Three kinds photoreceptor modulations were generated silent substitution: rod modulation, cone combined modulation phase (experiment 1) or shifted 2) from fixed phase. The excitation computed each condition. vector sum model used estimate contribution response. Results.: From experiment 1, frequency response peaked 1 Hz two three conditions. Analyzing rod–cone difference identified V-shaped amplitude with minimum between 135° 180°. phases increased as increased. increasing level cone, (in-phase cone) but not modulation. Conclusions.: These results demonstrate that cone- rod-pathway are more predominant than phasic rod, inputs state reflex follow linear summation.

Язык: Английский

---

Blue Light Stimulates Cognitive Brain Activity in Visually Blind Individuals

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 25(12), С. 2072 - 2085

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2013

Abstract Light regulates multiple non-image-forming (or nonvisual) circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral functions, via outputs from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Exposure to light directly enhances alertness performance, so is an important regulator of wakefulness cognition. The roles rods, cones, ipRGCs in the impact on cognitive brain functions remain unclear, however. A small percentage blind individuals retain photoreception offer a unique opportunity investigate impacts absence conscious vision, presumably through ipRGCs. Here, we show that three such patients were able choose nonrandomly about presence despite their complete lack sight. Furthermore, 2 sec blue modified EEG activity when administered simultaneously auditory stimulations. fMRI further showed that, during working memory task, less than minute triggered recruitment supplemental prefrontal thalamic regions involved cognition regulation as well key areas default mode network. These results, which have be considered proof concept, triggers some awareness for can more rapid human previously understood, if processing actively engaged. stimulates higher activity, independently engages perform ongoing process. To our knowledge, results constitute first indication ipRGC signaling may rapidly affect fundamental cerebral organization, it could potentially participate numerous aspects function.

Язык: Английский

---

Melanopsin-Expressing Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in Retinal Disease

Optometry and Vision Science, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 91(8), С. 894 - 903

Опубликована: Май 30, 2014

Melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a class of photoreceptors with established roles in non–image-forming processes. Their contributions to image-forming vision may include the estimation brightness. Animal models have been central for understanding physiological mechanisms ipRGC function and there is evidence conservation across species. Intrinsically can be divided into five cell subtypes that show morphological functional diversity. Research humans has ipRGCs signal environmental irradiance entrain body clock solar day regulating circadian processes sleep. In addition, mediate pupil light reflex (PLR), making PLR readily accessible behavioral marker activity. Less known about optic nerve disease, emerging research providing insight their diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, hereditary neuropathy. We briefly review anatomical distributions, projections, basic proposed functions animals without eye disease. introduce paradigm differentiating inner outer inputs pupillary control pathway disease apply this patients age-related macular degeneration (AMD). these cases AMD, we provide initial altered dysfunction more pronounced advanced Our perspective refined pupillometry paradigms, extended AMD assessment as tool measurement dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

---

Human-centric lighting: Myth, magic or metaphor?

Lighting Research & Technology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 53(2), С. 97 - 118

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2020

This paper discusses the rise of human-centric lighting and its current status in lighting. We summarise human benefits associated with light show that has sound motivations, despite being tainted by misleading marketing claims. The phrase integrative avoids hype encapsulates what aspires to be. Embodied these concepts are some things old new. is twofold. First, without diminishing value products, core ingredient for good outcomes design, driven a design team. Second, still vision, visibility, visual comfort amenity as important ever. Complementing new awareness responsibility how influence non-visual responses humans. Circadian, neuroendocrine neurobehavioural health should be considered on-par responses. leads toward solutions increased contrast between day night. parties responsible addressing evolving. Architects, professionals, equipment manufacturers, medical building owners individuals all have stake, but who drive decisions proportion?

Язык: Английский

---

Circadian Rhythm Disorders and Melatonin Production in 127 Blind Women with and without Light Perception

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 29(3), С. 215 - 224

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2014

Light is the major environmental time cue that synchronizes endogenous central circadian pacemaker, located in suprachiasmatic nuclei of hypothalamus, and detected exclusively by eyes primarily via specialized non-rod, non-cone ganglion cell photoreceptors. Consequently, most blind people with no perception light (NPL) have either nonentrained or abnormally phased rhythms due to this inability detect light. Conversely, visually impaired participants some degree (LP) exhibit normal entrainment, emphasizing functional separation visual "nonvisual" photoreception. The aims study were identify prevalence disorders women, further aim examining how eye disease may relate type disorder. Participants (n = 127, age 50.8 ± 13.4 years) completed an 8-week field including daily sleep diaries sequential 4 8 hourly urine collections over 48 h on 2 3 occasions separated at least weeks. Circadian was determined from timing course melatonin rhythm measured cosinor-derived urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin peak. Of NPL 41), majority (24%) (39%), 37% classified as normally entrained. LP 86), entrained (69%). Eighteen (21%) (8 advanced, 10 delayed). Nine (10%) nonentrained. conditions associated abnormal phase and/or bilateral enucleation (67%) retinopathy prematurity (57%). By contrast, 84% retinitis pigmentosa 83% those age-related macular degeneration These findings suggest etiology blindness addition status related individual's ability process signal.

Язык: Английский

---

A visual circuit uses complementary mechanisms to support transient and sustained pupil constriction

eLife, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 5

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2016

Rapid and stable control of pupil size in response to light is critical for vision, but the neural coding mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated basis by monitoring across time while manipulating each photoreceptor input or neurotransmitter output intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a relay size. We show that transient sustained responses are mediated distinct photoreceptors neurotransmitters. Transient utilize from rod classical glutamate, adapt within minutes. In contrast, dominated non-conventional signaling mechanisms: melanopsin phototransduction ipRGCs neuropeptide PACAP, which provide maintenance day. These results highlight temporal switch circuit support proper behavioral dynamics.

Язык: Английский

---