European Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
53(1), С. 114 - 125
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2019
Abstract
Optimal
acetylcholine
(ACh)
signaling
is
important
for
sustained
attention
and
facilitates
learning
memory.
At
the
same
time,
human
animal
studies
have
demonstrated
increased
levels
of
ACh
in
brain
during
depressive
episodes
symptoms
anxiety,
depression,
reactivity
to
stress
when
breakdown
impaired.
While
it
possible
that
neuromodulatory
roles
cognitive
affective
processes
are
distinct,
one
possibility
homeostatic
necessary
appropriate
learning,
but
overly
high
cholinergic
promote
encoding
stressful
events,
leading
negative
bias
a
core
symptom
depression.
In
this
review,
we
outline
hypothesis
suggest
potential
neural
pathways
underlying
mechanisms
may
support
role
bias.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024
Abstract
Aging
is
frequently
associated
with
compromised
cerebrovasculature
and
pericytes.
However,
we
do
not
know
how
normal
aging
differentially
impacts
vascular
structure
function
in
different
brain
areas.
Here
utilize
mesoscale
microscopy
methods
vivo
imaging
to
determine
detailed
changes
aged
murine
cerebrovascular
networks.
Whole-brain
tracing
shows
an
overall
~10%
decrease
length
branching
density
~7%
increase
radii
brains.
Light
sheet
3D
immunolabeling
reveals
increased
arteriole
tortuosity
of
Notably,
vasculature
pericyte
densities
show
selective
significant
reductions
the
deep
cortical
layers,
hippocampal
network,
basal
forebrain
We
find
blood
extravasation,
implying
blood-brain
barrier
Moreover,
awake
mice
demonstrates
reduced
baseline
on-demand
oxygenation
despite
relatively
intact
neurovascular
coupling.
Collectively,
uncover
regional
vulnerabilities
network
physiological
that
can
mediate
cognitive
decline
aging.
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2019
Cortical
neurons
process
information
on
a
background
of
spontaneous,
ongoing
activity
with
distinct
spatiotemporal
profiles
defining
different
cortical
states.
During
wakefulness,
states
alter
constantly
in
relation
to
behavioral
context,
attentional
level
or
general
motor
activity.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
our
current
understanding
awake
rodents,
how
they
are
controlled,
their
impact
sensory
processing,
and
highlight
areas
for
future
research.
A
common
observation
rodents
is
the
rapid
change
spontaneous
from
high-amplitude,
low-frequency
fluctuations,
when
animals
quiet,
faster
smaller
fluctuations
active.
This
transition
typically
thought
as
global
brain
state
but
recent
work
has
shown
variation
across
regions,
indicating
presence
fine
spatial
scale
control
system.
areas,
mediated
by
at
least
two
convergent
inputs,
one
thalamus
other
cholinergic
inputs
basal
forebrain.
have
major
balance
between
specific
subtypes
neurons,
synchronization
nearby
well
functional
coupling
distant
areas.
reorganization
networks
strongly
affects
processing.
Thus
provide
dynamic
system
moment-by-moment
regulation
Neuron,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
105(2), С. 370 - 384.e8
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2019
The
medial
frontal
cortex
has
been
linked
to
voluntary
action,
but
an
explanation
of
why
decisions
act
emerge
at
particular
points
in
time
lacking.
We
show
that,
macaques,
about
whether
and
when
are
predicted
by
a
set
features
defining
the
animal's
current
past
context;
for
example,
respectively,
cues
indicating
average
rate
reward
recent
previous
action
decisions.
that
activity
two
brain
areas-the
anterior
cingulate
basal
forebrain-tracks
these
contextual
factors
mediates
their
effects
on
behavior
distinct
ways.
use
focused
transcranial
ultrasound
selectively
effectively
stimulate
deep
brain,
even
as
forebrain,
demonstrate
alteration
areas
changes
act.
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2019
Cholinergic
neurons
comprise
a
small
population
of
cells
in
the
striatum
but
have
fundamental
roles
fine
tuning
brain
function,
and
aetiology
neurological
psychiatric
disorders
such
as
Parkinson's
disease
or
schizophrenia.
The
process
developmental
cell
specification
underlying
neuronal
identity
function
is
an
area
great
current
interest.
There
has
been
significant
progress
identifying
origins,
commonalities
molecular
markers,
physiological
properties
cholinergic
neurons.
Currently,
we
are
aware
number
key
factors
that
promote
fate
during
development.
However,
extent
diversity
still
largely
underestimated.
Recent
evidence
shown
new
insight
on
biological
basis
their
specification,
indicating
may
be
far
more
diverse
than
previously
thought.
This
review
highlights
features
synaptic
segregate
subtypes.
It
provides
accurate
picture
organization
networks.
also
discusses
challenges
deciphering
logic
heterogeneity
plays
role
control
neural
processes
health
disease.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2019
Brain
activity
fluctuates
continuously,
even
in
the
absence
of
changes
sensory
input
or
motor
output.
These
intrinsic
fluctuations
are
correlated
across
brain
regions
and
spatially
organized
macroscale
networks.
Variations
strength,
topography,
topology
occur
over
time,
unfold
upon
a
backbone
long-range
anatomical
connections.
Subcortical
neuromodulatory
systems
send
widespread
ascending
projections
to
cortex,
thus
ideally
situated
shape
temporal
spatial
structure
correlations.
also
targets
pharmacological
treatment
major
neurological
psychiatric
disorders,
such
as
Parkinson’s
disease,
depression,
schizophrenia.
Here,
we
review
recent
work
that
has
investigated
how
correlations
large-scale
cortical
activity.
We
discuss
studies
human,
monkey,
rodent
brain,
with
focus
on
non-invasive
recordings
human
provide
structured
but
selective
overview
this
distill
number
emerging
principles.
Future
efforts
chart
effect
specific
neuromodulators
and,
particular,
receptors,
may
help
identify
shared
antagonistic
principles
between
different
systems.
Such
can
inform
models
healthy
function
an
important
reference
for
understanding
altered
dynamics
evident
potentially
paving
way
mechanistically-inspired
biomarkers
individualized
treatments
these
disorders.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023
Abstract
Nucleus-
and
cell-specific
interrogation
of
individual
basal
forebrain
(BF)
cholinergic
circuits
is
crucial
for
refining
targets
to
treat
comorbid
chronic
pain-like
depression-like
behaviour.
As
the
ventral
pallidum
(VP)
in
BF
regulates
pain
perception
emotions,
we
aim
address
role
VP-derived
hyperalgesia
behaviour
mouse
model.
In
male
mice,
VP
neurons
innervate
local
non-cholinergic
modulate
downstream
basolateral
amygdala
(BLA)
through
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptors.
These
are
mobilized
by
stimuli
become
hyperactive
during
persistent
pain.
Acute
stimulation
VP-BLA
projection
reduces
threshold
naïve
mice
whereas
inhibition
elevated
states.
Multi-day
repetitive
modulation
pathway
Therefore,
implicated
