The role of PFC networks in cognitive control and executive function

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 47(1), С. 90 - 103

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature

Network Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(3), С. 864 - 905

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Progress in scientific disciplines is accompanied by standardization of terminology. Network neuroscience, at the level macroscale organization brain, beginning to confront challenges associated with developing a taxonomy its fundamental explanatory constructs. The Workgroup for HArmonized Taxonomy NETworks (WHATNET) was formed 2020 as an Organization Human Brain Mapping (OHBM)-endorsed best practices committee provide recommendations on points consensus, identify open questions, and highlight areas ongoing debate service moving field toward standardized reporting network neuroscience results. conducted survey catalog current large-scale brain nomenclature. A few well-known names (e.g., default mode network) dominated responses survey, number illuminating disagreement emerged. We summarize results initial considerations from workgroup. This perspective piece includes selective review this enterprise, including (1) scale, resolution, hierarchies; (2) interindividual variability networks; (3) dynamics nonstationarity (4) consideration affiliations subcortical structures; (5) multimodal information. close minimal guidelines cognitive communities adopt.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamic targeting enables domain-general inhibitory control over action and thought by the prefrontal cortex

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2022

Over the last two decades, inhibitory control has featured prominently in accounts of how humans and other organisms regulate their behaviour thought. Previous work on brain stops actions thoughts, however, emphasised distinct prefrontal regions supporting these functions, suggesting domain-specific mechanisms. Here we show that stopping thoughts recruits common right dorsolateral ventrolateral cortex to suppress diverse content, via dynamic targeting. Within each region, classifiers trained distinguish action-stopping from action-execution also identify when people are suppressing (and vice versa). Effective connectivity analysis reveals both contribute action thought by targeting motor or hippocampus, depending goal, task-specific activity. These findings support existence a domain-general system underlies establish Dynamic Targeting as mechanism enabling this ability.

Язык: Английский

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Constructing neural network models from brain data reveals representational transformations linked to adaptive behavior

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2022

Abstract The human ability to adaptively implement a wide variety of tasks is thought emerge from the dynamic transformation cognitive information. We hypothesized that these transformations are implemented via conjunctive activations in “conjunction hubs”—brain regions selectively integrate sensory, cognitive, and motor activations. used recent advances using functional connectivity map flow activity between brain construct task-performing neural network model fMRI data during control task. verified importance conjunction hubs computations by simulating over this empirically-estimated model. These empirically-specified simulations produced above-chance task performance (motor responses) integrating sensory rule hubs. findings reveal role supporting flexible computations, while demonstrating feasibility models gain insight into brain.

Язык: Английский

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Extra-hippocampal contributions to pattern separation

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Pattern separation, or the process by which highly similar stimuli experiences in memory are represented non-overlapping neural ensembles, has typically been ascribed to processes supported hippocampus. Converging evidence from a wide range of studies, however, suggests that pattern separation is multistage network brain regions. Based on this evidence, considered together with related findings interference resolution literature, we propose 'cortico-hippocampal separation' (CHiPS) framework, asserts regions involved cognitive control play significant role separation. Particularly, these may contribute (1) resolving sensory project hippocampus, thus regulating its cortical input, (2) directly modulating hippocampal accordance task demands. Considering recent interest how operations modulated goal states likely and regulated extra-hippocampal regions, argue similarly neocortical-hippocampal interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Basis of executive functions in fine-grained architecture of cortical and subcortical human brain networks

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Abstract Theoretical models suggest that executive functions rely on both domain-general and domain-specific processes. Supporting this view, prior brain imaging studies have revealed activations converge diverge within broadly characterized networks. However, the lack of precise anatomical mappings has impeded our understanding interplay between To address challenge, we used high-resolution multimodal magnetic resonance approach Human Connectome Project to scan participants performing 3 canonical tasks: n-back, rule switching, stop signal. The results reveal that, at individual level, different 9 territories distributed in frontal, parietal, temporal cortices. Each task exhibits a unique topography by finely detailed activation gradients territory shifted toward adjacent resting-state networks; n-back shift default mode, switching dorsal attention, signal cingulo-opercular Importantly, strongest arise neurobiological definitions network borders. Matching are seen circumscribed regions caudate nucleus, thalamus, cerebellum. shifting peaks local intersection task-specific networks provide novel mechanistic insight into how partially-specialized interact with neighboring generate distinct functions.

Язык: Английский

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From Control to Chaos: Visual-Cognitive Progression During Recovery From ACL Reconstruction

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 54(7), С. 431 - 439

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament tear is a serious knee injury with implications for central nervous system (CNS) plasticity. To perform simple movements, people history of anterior reconstruction (ACL-R) engage cross-modal brain regions, and when challenged cognitive-motor dual tasks, physical performance deteriorates. Therefore, ACL-R may increase visual-cognitive neural processes motor control. CLINICAL QUESTION: What components CNS plasticity should the rehabilitation practitioner target interventions, how can practitioners augment exercises to associated plasticity? KEY RESULTS: This clinical commentary (1) describes neurophysiological foundation compensation after ACL-R, (2) provides theoretical rationale implementing challenges throughout return-to-sport continuum, (3) presents framework from acute phases rehabilitation. The Visual-Cognitive Control Chaos Continuum (VC-CCC) consists five training difficulties that progress high control chaos better represent demands sport. APPLICATION: VC-CCC augments traditional so each exercise difficulty promote sensorimotor adaptation ACL-R. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(7):431-439. Epub 4 June 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12443

Язык: Английский

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Missing links: The functional unification of language and memory (L∪M)

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 133, С. 104489 - 104489

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021

The field of neurocognition is currently undergoing a significant change perspective. Traditional neurocognitive models evolved into an integrative and dynamic vision cognitive functioning. Dynamic integration assumes interaction between domains traditionally considered to be distinct. Language declarative memory are regarded as separate functions supported by different neural systems. However, they also share anatomical structures (notably, the inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, superior middle temporal hippocampal complex) processes (such semantic working memory) that merge endorse our quintessential daily lives. We propose new model, "L∪M" (i.e., Language/union/Memory), considers these two interactively. fractionated language three fundamental dimensions or systems ("Receiver-Transmitter", "Controller-Manager" "Transformer-Associative" Systems), communicate reciprocally. formalized their interactions at brain level with connectivity-based approach. This taxonomy overcomes modular view functioning reconciles functional specialization plasticity in neurological disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Precise Topology of Adjacent Domain-General and Sensory-Biased Regions in the Human Brain

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(12), С. 2521 - 2537

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2021

Recent functional MRI studies identified sensory-biased regions across much of the association cortices and cerebellum. However, their anatomical relationship to multiple-demand (MD) regions, characterized as domain-general due coactivation during multiple cognitive demands, remains unclear. For a better delineation, we used multimodal techniques Human Connectome Project scan subjects performing visual auditory versions working memory (WM) task. The contrast between hard easy WM showed strong domain generality, with essentially identical patterns cortical, subcortical, cerebellar MD activity for materials. In contrast, modality preferences were shown by contrasting baseline; most preference while immediately adjacent cortical there interleaved both preference. results may exemplify general motif whereby domain-specific feed information into out an adjacent, integrative core.

Язык: Английский

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Pupillary response is associated with the reset and switching of functional brain networks during salience processing

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(5), С. e1011081 - e1011081

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

The interface between processing internal goals and salient events in the environment involves various top-down processes. Previous studies have identified multiple brain areas for salience processing, including network (SN), dorsal attention network, locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. However, interactions among these systems remain unclear. Here, we simultaneously recorded pupillometry, EEG, fMRI during an auditory oddball paradigm. analyses of EEG data uncovered spatiotemporally organized target-associated neural correlates. By modeling target-modulated effective connectivity, found that target-evoked pupillary response is associated with directional couplings from late to early subsystems trial, as well switching initiated by SN. These findings indicate SN might cooperate pupil-indexed LC-NE system reset cortical networks, shed light on their implications cognitive processes neurological diseases.

Язык: Английский

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