Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023

MMWR Recommendations and Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 72(3), С. 1 - 39

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023

This report compiles and summarizes all published recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged ≥19 years the United States.This also includes updated new clinical guidance implementation CDC.Before 2021, ACIP recommended 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) alone (up to 2 doses), or both a single dose 13-valent conjugate (PCV13) combination with 1-3 doses PPSV23 series (PCV13 followed by PPSV23), U.S. depending age underlying risk disease.In two (PCVs), , were licensed ≥18 Food Drug Administration.ACIP specify either PCV20 PCV15 ≥65 19-64 certain medical conditions other factors who have not received PCV whose vaccination history is unknown.In addition, recommends ≥1 started their PCV13 but doses.Shared decision-making regarding supplemental completed PPSV23.Updated CDC recommendation any dose.The 7-valent (PCV7) only are hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.US Department Health Human Services/Centers Disease Control Prevention leak, cochlear implant (11).In 2014, routine (12).This was supported large, randomized controlled trial (RCT) among vaccine-naïve, community-dwelling Netherlands that demonstrated efficacy against noninvasive pneumonia (13).In June 2019 voted no longer routinely recommend and, instead, basis shared do an immunocompromising condition, CSF ( 14).The rationale this decision based additional data found minimal changes incidence disease preventable after implemented historically low levels PCV13-type attributed indirect effects pediatric use.Although anatomic functional asplenia, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome might be considered 15), these included under because similarities recommendations.* Serotypes 15B 15C identified together as 15B/15C SSUAD test used study.$217,000 $93,000-$182,000 ¶ Abbreviations: IPD = invasive disease; NBPP nonbacteremic pneumonia; vaccine; 15-valent 20-valent QALY quality-adjusted life-year; USD dollars; VE effectiveness.* In scenario, Tulane-CDC Merck models start single-aged cohort individuals, full population composed many different ages.For reason, one specific starting age.For example, 70 represent estimate values group years.† The Pfizer model base case multicohort model; however, results provided scenario.§ societal perspective component (i.e., travel cost added administration).The scenario using similar model.¶ scenarios where herd vaccinations occurred.** varied across groups (adults without conditions).The three (low risk, at high risk).† † inpatient case-fatality ratios age.The group.§ § Original 2021 USD, multiplied 1.10 adjust 2022 USD.¶ did value comparison.The incremental calculated team.*** 2020 1.15 USD.ranged $87,000 (Pfizer model: administered 7 dose) $611,000 (Tulane-CDC 66 condition 1 year dose).The comparison.However, calculations review team, estimated would between estimates.

Язык: Английский

---

Surveillance of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Spain Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2019-2023)

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 89(2), С. 106204 - 106204

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Dynamic trends of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) including the evolution prevalent serotypes are very useful to evaluate impact current and future conjugate vaccines (PCVs) rise non-vaccine serotypes. In this study, we include epidemiological patterns S. pneumoniae before after COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

---

Update on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

SUMMARY Streptococcus pneumoniae (the “pneumococcus”) is a significant human pathogen. The key determinant of pneumococcal fitness and virulence its ability to produce protective polysaccharide (PS) capsule, anti-capsule antibodies mediate serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing bacteria. Notably, immunization with conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has effectively reduced the burden disease caused by serotypes included in but also spurred relative upsurge prevalence non-vaccine serotypes. Recent advancements serotyping bioinformatics surveillance tools coupled high-resolution analytical techniques have enabled discovery numerous new capsule types, thereby providing fresh perspective on dynamic landscape. This review offers insights into current seroepidemiology highlighting important serotype shifts different global regions PCV era. It comprehensively summarizes newly discovered from 2007 2024, alongside updates revised chemical structures de-novo determinations for previously known Furthermore, we spotlight emerging evidence non-pneumococcal Mitis-group strains that express capsular PS are serologically biochemically related types. We further discuss implications these recent findings nomenclature, carriage detection, future design. maps out status outlines course research vaccine strategies, ensuring continued effective response evolving challenge.

Язык: Английский

---

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger — United States, 2023

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 72(6), С. 137 - 140

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

At its October 2022 meeting, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices* (ACIP) approved Recommended Child and Adolescent Schedule for Ages 18 Years or Younger, United States, 2023. The 2023 child adolescent immunization schedule, available CDC schedule website (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules), summarizes ACIP recommendations, including several changes from schedule† cover page, tables, notes, appendix. Health care providers are advised to use appendix together determine recommended vaccinations patient populations. This is by (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip) (https://www.cdc.gov), American Academy of Pediatrics (https://www.aap.org), Family Physicians (https://www.aafp.org), College Obstetricians Gynecologists (http://www.acog.org), Nurse-Midwives (https://www.midwife.org), Physician Associates (https://www.aapa.org), National Association Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (https://www.napnap.org).

Язык: Английский

---

Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the United States between 2010 and 2019: An indirect cohort study

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42(16), С. 3555 - 3563

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

A U.S. case-control study (2010-2014) demonstrated vaccine effectiveness (VE) for ≥ 1 dose of the thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) against vaccine-type (VT) invasive disease (IPD) at 86 %; however, it lacked statistical power to examine VE by number doses and individual serotypes.

Язык: Английский

---

A dynamic transmission model for assessing the impact of pneumococcal vaccination in the United States

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(4), С. e0305892 - e0305892

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a bacterial pathogen that kills more than 300,000 children every year across the globe. Multiple vaccines exist prevent pneumococcal disease, with each vaccine covering variable number of 100 known serotypes. Due to high effectiveness these vaccines, new conjugate (PCV) introduction has resulted in decrease vaccine-type disease and shift serotype distribution towards non-vaccine types phenomenon called replacement. Here, an age-structured compartmental model was created reproduced historical carriage transmission dynamics United States used evaluate population-level impact introductions into pediatric population. The incorporates co-colonization competition, which drives replacement by types. calibrated age- serotype-specific invasive (IPD) data from States. Vaccine-specific coverage were integrated accordance recommended timelines for age group. Demographic parameters derived US-population-specific databases, while population mixing patterns informed US-specific published literature on age-group based matrices. then project epidemiological PCV15, 15-valent vaccine, compared status quo vaccination PCV13 demonstrated value added serotypes PCV15. Projections revealed PCV15 would reduce IPD incidence 6.04% (range: 6.01% 6.06%) over 10 years when PCV13.

Язык: Английский

---

Estimating the Clinical and Economic Impact of Switching from the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) to Higher-Valent Options in Greek Infants

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 1369 - 1369

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2023

In June 2010, Greece introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for pediatric vaccination and has since observed a large decrease in disease caused by these serotypes, yet prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes increased. Two higher-valent vaccines, 15-valent (PCV15) 20-valent (PCV20), were developed to improve serotype coverage combat replacement. A decision-analytic model was adapted Greek setting using historical trends from PCV13 forecast future clinical economic outcomes PCVs over 10-year period (2023–2033). The estimated related invasive (IPD), hospitalized non-hospitalized pneumonia, otitis media (OM) resulting switch programs PCV15 2023 or switching PCV20 2024. Cost-effectiveness evaluated third-party payer’s perspective healthcare system. Compared implementing one year earlier, 2024 be cost-saving strategy saving health system EUR 50 million direct medical costs averting 250 IPD cases, 54,800 OM 8450 pneumonia 255 deaths across all ages period.

Язык: Английский

---

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children <5 years of age in Indonesia prior to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1), С. e0297041 - e0297041

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent nasopharyngeal colonization with vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae , leading to reduced transmission pneumococci and stronger population-level impact PCVs. In 2017 we conducted a cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage study in Indonesia among children aged <5 years before 13-valent PCV (PCV13) introduction. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected during visits community integrated health service posts at one peri-urban rural site. Specimens analyzed by culture, isolates serotyped using sequential multiplex polymerase chain Quellung reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed broth microdilution method. We enrolled 1,007 Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta (peri-urban) 815 Southwest Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara (rural). prevalence 30.9% 87.6% Sumba (combined: 56.3%). PCV13 (VT) 15.0% 52.6% 31.8%). Among identified, the most common VT 6B (16.4%), 19F (15.8%), 3 (4.6%) (N = 323) (17.6%), (11.0%), 23F (9.3%) 784). Factors associated age (1–2 adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.5; 3–4 aOR 1.5, 1.1–2.1; reference <1 year), other old household (aOR 1.1–2.0), presence ≥1 respiratory illness symptom 1.8, 1.4–2.2). Overall, 61.5% non-susceptible antibiotic class 13.2% multi-drug (MDNS) (non-susceptible ≥3 classes antibiotics). 602 isolates, 73.9% 19.9% MDNS. These findings are critical establish pre-PCV13 demonstrate complexity evaluating introduction given wide variability as shown two sites.

Язык: Английский

---

Long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease incidence among people of all ages from national, active, laboratory-based surveillance in South Africa, 2005–19: a cohort observational study

The Lancet Global Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(9), С. e1470 - e1484

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024

In South Africa, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2009 and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) 2011, both a two plus one schedule. We evaluated the ongoing effects of on prevention invasive disease (IPD) over 15 years sustained surveillance Africa before COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

---

A phase 2, randomized, blinded, dose-finding, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a 24-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (VAX-24) in healthy adults 65 years and older

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42(25), С. 126124 - 126124

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024

Despite current polysaccharide and conjugate vaccine use, pneumococcal diseases remain prevalent in older adults. VAX-24 is a 24-valent (PCV) containing eCRM, proprietary carrier protein with non-native amino acids (para-azidomethyl-L-phenylalanine) that undergo site-specific conjugation to polysaccharides have been activated small-molecule linker (dibenzocyclooctyne). Site-specific utilizing click chemistry enables consistent exposure of T-cell epitopes, reduction ratio, enhances manufacturing process consistency improve PCVs by increasing serotype coverage while minimizing suppression. Healthy adults aged 65 or were randomized 1:1:1:1 ratio receive single injection at 1 3 dose levels (1.1, 2.2, mixed 2.2 4.4 mcg) Prevnar 20® (PCV20) phase 2, blinded study. Primary outcome measures solicited local systemic events within 7 days post-vaccination, unsolicited adverse (AEs) month, serious AEs, medically attended new onset chronic disease 6 months vaccination. Serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) measured pre-vaccination month post-vaccination. Of 207 participants enrolled, 200 completed the trial. Safety profiles comparable across three doses PCV20. Robust OPA IgG immune responses seen for all 24 serotypes. On average, mcg similar higher compared In ≥ years, had safety profile PCV20 through six post-vaccination induced robust serotypes, supporting prior data showing allows increased response vs other PCVs. The this 2 study further supports use trials. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05297578.

Язык: Английский

---