Antimicrobial Resistance: Two-Component Regulatory Systems and Multidrug Efflux Pumps

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(6), С. 965 - 965

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

The number of multidrug-resistant bacteria is rapidly spreading worldwide. Among the various mechanisms determining resistance to antimicrobial agents, multidrug efflux pumps play a noteworthy role because they export extraneous and noxious substrates from inside outside environment bacterial cell contributing (MDR) and, consequently, failure anti-infective therapies. expression can be under control transcriptional regulators two-component systems (TCS). TCS are major mechanism by which microorganisms sense reply external and/or intramembrane stimuli coordinating genes involved not only in pathogenic pathways but also antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe influence on pump activity some Gram-negative Gram-positive bacteria. Taking into account strict correlation between pumps, development drugs targeting TCS, alone or together with already discovered inhibitors, may represent beneficial strategy contribute fight against growing

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(3), С. 2448 - 2448

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2023

Shigella species are the main cause of bacillary diarrhoea or shigellosis in humans. These organisms inhabitants human intestinal tract; however, they one concerns public health both developed and developing countries. In this study, we reviewed summarised previous studies recent advances molecular mechanisms pathogenesis Dysenteriae non-Dysenteriae species. Regarding presence virulence factor encoding genes strains, bacteria categorised into clinical groups. uses attachment, invasion, intracellular motility, toxin secretion host cell interruption mechanisms, causing mild diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis haemolytic uremic syndrome diseases humans through expression effector delivery systems, protein effectors, toxins, immune system evasion iron uptake genes. The investigation these can help us to develop design new methods detect differentiate food samples determine appropriate strategies prevent treat extraintestinal infections caused by enteric pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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Genome-Based Characterization of Hybrid Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) Strains Isolated in South Korea, 2016–2020

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 1285 - 1285

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

The global emergence of hybrid diarrheagenic E. coli strains incorporating genetic markers from different pathotypes is a public health concern. Hybrids Shiga toxin-producing and enterotoxigenic (STEC/ETEC) are associated with diarrhea hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. In this study, we identified characterized STEC/ETEC isolated livestock feces (cattle pigs) animal food sources (beef, pork, meat patties) South Korea between 2016 2020. were positive for genes STEC ETEC, such as stx (encodes toxins, Stxs) est heat-stable enterotoxins, ST), respectively. belong to diverse serogroups (O100, O168, O8, O155, O2, O141, O148, O174) sequence types (ST446, ST1021, ST21, ST74, ST785, ST670, ST1780, ST1782, ST10, ST726). Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis revealed that these hybrids closely related certain ETEC strains, implying the potential acquisition Stx-phage and/or virulence during hybrids. Particularly, source foods mostly exhibited close relatedness strains. These findings allow further exploration pathogenicity may serve data future comparative studies evolutionary biology.

Язык: Английский

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Loads of Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms and Characterization of Thermotolerant Escherichia coli in Fresh Raw Milk Cheese

Foods, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(3), С. 332 - 332

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic status raw milk cheese and determine trends virulence antimicrobial resistance in thermotolerant Escherichia coli. Two hundred samples karish, a popular Egyptian fresh cheese, were analyzed for coliforms fecal using standard most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 85% unsuitable consumption, as they exceeded standards (10 MPN/g), 65% exhibited at 44.5 °C. Of 150 recovered strains, 140 (93.3%) identified E. Importantly, one Shiga toxin-producing coli (STEC) strain carrying striking pattern, stx1-, stx2+, eae-, detected. Eleven strains (7.8%, 11/140) showed third-generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic genes included blaSHV, blaCTX-M, qnrS, tet(A), tet(B), which present 4.3%, 2.8%, 0.71%, 2.1%, 0.71% isolates, respectively. In conclusion, indicated that hygienic-sanitary failures occurred throughout production process retail karish cheese. Furthermore, our findings emphasize need adopting cephalosporin-resistant an indicator monitoring identify potential public health burden associated with its consumption.

Язык: Английский

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Ingested Microplastics Can Act as Microbial Vectors of Ichthyofauna

Microbiology Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(2), С. 614 - 625

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) are ubiquitous pollutants that have the ability to carry microbiota, including pathogens. Microbial adhesion is usually a sign of pathogenicity; thus, we investigated adherent microbiota found on 4 mm nylon strips, which were ingested and excreted by wild fish specimens. Retention times recorded polymer analysis samples was performed, showed no signs degradation, nor did their controls, represented strips submerged in same water tanks. Both controls presented pathogens large quantities. Following Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight identification, dominant genus Aeromonas, revealing fact microplastics can serve as undegradable physical carriers for this pathogen, among others, aquatic environment.

Язык: Английский

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The Promising Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Paracetamol as Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Virulence Agents against Resistant Escherichia coli

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(7), С. 6805 - 6819

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

is a major cause of serious infections, with antibiotic resistance rendering many treatments ineffective. Hence, novel strategies to combat this pathogen are needed. Anti-virulence therapy promising new approach for the subsequent era. Recent research has examined impact sub-inhibitory doses ascorbic acid and paracetamol on

Язык: Английский

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Advancing Understanding of Escherichia coli Pathogenicity in Preterm Neonatal Sepsis

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 219 - 219

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality in preterm infants, with Escherichia coli as one the leading pathogens. Few studies have examined interplay between virulence factors, resistance profiles, phylogroups, and clinical outcomes this population. We analyzed 52 E. strains isolated from 49 neonates diagnosed at tertiary-level hospital Mexico. Strains underwent phylogenetic classification, gene profiling, antimicrobial testing. PFGE was used to assess genetic relatedness outbreak clusters. Clinical data were correlated molecular findings. Phylogroups A B2 accounted for 46% strains. Phylogroup exhibited notable virulence, high prevalence pathogenicity island described virulent extra-intestinal (PAI), aerobactin siderophore receptor AerJ (iutA), yersiniabactin (fyuA) genes, alongside significant profiles. identified two dominating branches. Branch A, comprising phylogroups B2, displayed prevalent neonatal intensive care unit. C, D, showed less multidrug but significantly associated maternal chorioamnionitis. This study redefines sepsis, highlighting traditionally non-pathogenic phylogroups. High more severe outcomes. These findings underscore need enhanced strategies targeted prevention, improved diagnostics, tailored treatments high-risk populations.

Язык: Английский

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Targeting Enterotoxins: Advancing Vaccine Development for Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ETEC

Toxins, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(2), С. 71 - 71

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, particularly in children low- and middle-income countries. Its ability to rapidly colonize the intestinal tract through diverse colonization factors toxins underpins its significant public health impact. Despite extensive research several vaccine candidates reaching clinical trials, no licensed exists for ETEC. This review explores temporal spatial coordination ETEC virulence factors, focusing on interplay between adherence mechanisms toxin production as critical targets therapeutic intervention. Advancements molecular biology host–pathogen interaction studies have uncovered species-specific variations cross-reactivity human animal strains. In particular, heat-labile (LT) heat-stable (ST) provided crucial insights into disruption. Additional exotoxins, such EAST-1 hemolysins, further highlight multifactorial nature pathogenicity. Innovative strategies, including multiepitope fusion antigens (MEFAs), mRNA-based approaches, glycoconjugates, aim enhance broad-spectrum immunity. Novel delivery methods, like intradermal immunization, show promise eliciting robust immune responses. Successful vaccination against will offer an effective affordable solution with potential greatly reduce mortality prevent stunting, representing highly impactful cost-efficient global challenge.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in the Separation Properties of Aged PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes During Long-Term Treatment of Car Wash Wastewater

Membranes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 66 - 66

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Car wash wastewater (CWW) is complex waste that may be effectively treated by the ultrafiltration (UF) process. However, one of most important challenges in implementing this process on an industrial scale fouling phenomenon membrane aging. Indeed, these lead to a reduction UF performance possibly associated with loss integrity fouled/aged membrane. Therefore, main aim current study was provide comprehensive investigation changes separation properties aged FP100 membranes made polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) respect their application for long-term treatment CWW. For purpose, studies were conducted new and previously used over 5 years pilot plant. As feed, solutions dextran, model organism Escherichia coli synthetic CWW used. It has been found PVDF demonstrated poor stability when frequent contact chemicals periodically applied cleaning. characterised increased porosity. it note aging had no significant impact permeate quality during obtained turbidity lower than 0.25 NTU. Likewise, regard E. coli, ensured high efficiency 99.99% bacterial retention. In interest growing potential treatment, results work complement findings field.

Язык: Английский

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Detection of Live Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli with Long-Read Sequencing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(5), С. 2228 - 2228

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

A requirement of any foodborne pathogen testing method is that it only detects live bacteria. Ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium (PMA) are dyes penetrate the membranes dead cells form cross-linkages in DNA, which prevents its amplification PCR. This study investigated whether treatment with EMA or PMA would inhibit sequencing DNA from Escherichia coli. Range finding experiments qPCR were conducted to determine optimal concentrations needed while not influencing cells. An concentration differentiated between could be established. However, a 25 µM effectively prevented E. coli impacting DNA. Sequencing PMA-treated live, untreated dead, There no significant differences detection virulence genes interest data obtained These results suggest incorporated into sample preparation methods prior selectively detect pathogens.

Язык: Английский

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