Molecular Biomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024
Abstract
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
is
a
significant
opportunistic
pathogen,
and
its
complex
mechanisms
of
antibiotic
resistance
pose
challenge
to
modern
medicine.
This
literature
review
explores
the
advancements
made
from
1979
2024
in
understanding
regulatory
networks
genes
,
with
particular
focus
on
molecular
underpinnings
these
mechanisms.
The
highlights
four
main
pathways
involved
drug
resistance:
reducing
outer
membrane
permeability,
enhancing
active
efflux
systems,
producing
antibiotic-inactivating
enzymes,
forming
biofilms.
These
are
intricately
regulated
by
combination
genetic
regulation,
transcriptional
regulators,
two-component
signal
transduction,
DNA
methylation,
small
RNA
molecules.
Through
an
in-depth
analysis
synthesis
existing
literature,
we
identify
key
elements
mexT
ampR
argR
as
potential
targets
for
novel
antimicrobial
strategies.
A
profound
core
control
nodes
offers
new
perspective
therapeutic
intervention,
suggesting
that
modulating
could
potentially
reverse
restore
bacterial
susceptibility
antibiotics.
looks
forward
future
research
directions,
proposing
use
gene
editing
systems
biology
further
understand
develop
effective
strategies
against
.
expected
provide
innovative
solutions
problem
infectious
diseases.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024
The
dissemination
of
antibiotic
resistance
in
Escherichia
coli
poses
a
significant
threat
to
public
health
worldwide.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
update
on
the
diverse
mechanisms
employed
by
E.
developing
antibiotics.
We
primarily
focus
pathotypes
(e.g.,
uropathogenic
)
and
investigate
genetic
determinants
molecular
pathways
that
confer
resistance,
shedding
light
both
well-characterized
recently
discovered
mechanisms.
most
prevalent
mechanism
continues
be
acquisition
genes
through
horizontal
gene
transfer,
facilitated
mobile
elements
such
as
plasmids
transposons.
discuss
role
extended-spectrum
β
-lactamases
(ESBLs)
carbapenemases
conferring
-lactam
antibiotics,
which
remain
vital
clinical
practice.
covers
key
resistant
mechanisms,
including:
1)
Efflux
pumps
porin
mutations
mediate
broad
spectrum
including
fluoroquinolones
aminoglycosides;
2)
adaptive
strategies
,
biofilm
formation,
persister
cell
activation
stress
response
systems,
withstand
pressure;
3)
regulatory
systems
coordinating
providing
insights
into
potential
targets
for
therapeutic
interventions.
Understanding
intricate
network
is
crucial
development
effective
combat
this
growing
crisis.
By
clarifying
these
we
aim
pave
way
design
innovative
approaches
implementation
prudent
stewardship
practices
preserve
efficacy
current
antibiotics
ensure
sustainable
future
healthcare.
ACS Infectious Diseases,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9(11), С. 2072 - 2092
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Despite
colossal
achievements
in
antibiotic
therapy
recent
decades,
drug-resistant
pathogens
have
remained
a
leading
cause
of
death
and
economic
loss
globally.
One
such
WHO-critical
group
pathogen
is
Salmonella.
The
extensive
inappropriate
treatments
for
Salmonella
infections
led
from
multi-drug
resistance
(MDR)
to
drug
(XDR).
synergy
between
efflux-mediated
systems
outer
membrane
proteins
(OMPs)
may
favor
MDR
Differential
expression
the
efflux
system
OMPs
(influx)
positional
mutations
are
factors
that
can
be
correlated
development
resistance.
Insights
into
mechanism
influx
antibiotics
aid
developing
structurally
stable
molecule
proficient
at
escaping
loops
Understanding
strategic
responsibilities
policies
address
surge
national,
regional,
global
levels
needs
hour.
In
this
Review,
we
attempt
aggregate
all
available
research
findings
delineate
mechanisms
by
dissecting
involvement
systems.
Integrating
major
system's
differential
mutation
provide
insight
therapies
one
health
application.
Antibiotics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(6), С. 501 - 501
Опубликована: Май 28, 2024
The
rise
of
multi-drug-resistant
(MDR)
pathogenic
bacteria
presents
a
grave
challenge
to
global
public
health,
with
antimicrobial
resistance
ranking
as
the
third
leading
cause
mortality
worldwide.
Understanding
mechanisms
underlying
antibiotic
is
crucial
for
developing
effective
treatments.
Efflux
pumps,
particularly
those
resistance-nodulation-cell
division
(RND)
superfamily,
play
significant
role
in
expelling
molecules
from
bacterial
cells,
contributing
emergence
multi-drug
resistance.
These
are
transmembrane
transporters
naturally
produced
by
Gram-negative
bacteria.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
insights
into
modulation
RND
efflux
pump
expression
pathogens
numerous
and
common
(bile,
biocides,
pharmaceuticals,
additives,
plant
extracts,
etc.).
interplay
between
these
regulators
underscores
complexity
mechanisms.
clinical
implications
induction
non-antibiotic
compounds
highlight
challenges
posed
health
urgent
need
further
investigation.
By
addressing
multiple
angles,
we
can
mitigate
its
impact
preserve
efficacy
therapies.
Abstract
Background
Escherichia
coli
(
E.
)
is
a
multidrug
resistant
opportunistic
pathogen
that
can
cause
secondary
bacterial
infections
in
patients
with
COVID-19.
This
study
aimed
to
determine
the
antimicrobial
resistance
profile
of
as
infection
COVID-19
and
assess
prevalence
characterization
genes
related
efflux
pumps
porin.
Methods
A
total
50
nonduplicate
isolates
were
collected
patients.
The
cultured
from
sputum
samples.
Confirmation
antibiotic
susceptibility
testing
conducted
by
Vitek
2.
PCR
was
used
pump
porin-related
isolates.
phenotypic
genotypic
evolution
evaluated.
Results
demonstrated
high
ampicillin
(100%),
cefixime
(62%),
cefepime
amoxicillin-clavulanic
acid
(60%),
cefuroxime
ceftriaxone
(58%).
ertapenem
greatest
(92%),
followed
imipenem
(88%),
meropenem
(86%),
tigecycline
(80%),
levofloxacin
(76%).
Regarding
gene
combinations,
there
significant
association
between
acrA
increased
levofloxacin,
acrB
decreased
ompF
ompC
gentamicin.
Conclusions
antibiotics
ertapenem,
imipenem,
meropenem,
tigecycline,
effective
against
Genes
encoding
porins,
such
acrA,
acrB,
outer
membrane
porins
,
highly
distributed
among
all
Efflux
inhibitors
could
be
alternative
for
restoring
tetracycline
activity
Antibiotics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(9), С. 1417 - 1417
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023
The
excessive
use
of
antibiotics
has
led
to
the
emergence
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
pathogens
in
clinical
settings
and
food-producing
animals,
posing
significant
challenges
management
food
control.
Over
past
few
decades,
discovery
antimicrobials
slowed
down,
leading
a
lack
treatment
options
for
infectious
diseases
foodborne
illnesses.
Given
increasing
prevalence
antibiotic
resistance
limited
availability
effective
antibiotics,
novel
potentiators
may
prove
useful
bacterial
infections.
application
combined
with
demonstrated
successful
outcomes
bench-scale
experiments
settings.
For
instance,
efflux
pump
inhibitors
(EPIs)
combination
showed
inhibition
MDR
pathogens.
Thus,
this
review
aims
enable
possibility
using
EPIs
as
potential
adjuvants
effectively
control
Specifically,
it
provides
comprehensive
summary
advances
EPI
underlying
mechanisms
that
restore
antimicrobial
activity.
In
addition,
we
also
characterize
plant-derived
potentiators.
This
insights
into
current
strategies
future
advancements
fighting
resistance.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(21), С. 15897 - 15897
Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2023
Long
noncoding
RNAs
(lncRNAs)
are
a
subclass
of
composed
more
than
200
nucleotides
without
the
ability
to
encode
functional
proteins.
Given
their
involvement
in
critical
cellular
processes
such
as
gene
expression
regulation,
transcription,
and
translation,
lncRNAs
play
significant
role
organism
homeostasis.
Breast
cancer
(BC)
is
second
most
common
worldwide
evidence
has
shown
relationship
between
aberrant
lncRNA
BC
development.
One
main
obstacles
control
multidrug
chemoresistance,
which
associated
with
deregulation
multiple
mechanisms
efflux
transporter
activity,
mitochondrial
metabolism
reprogramming,
epigenetic
regulation
well
apoptosis
autophagy.
Studies
have
large
number
pathways.
However,
underlying
mechanism
not
clearly
elucidated.
In
this
review,
we
present
principal
chemoresistance
that
can
be
directly
or
indirectly
regulated
by
lncRNA,
highlighting
importance
controlling
chemoresistance.
Understanding
these
deep
detail
may
interest
clinical
outcome
patients
could
used
therapeutic
targets
overcome
therapy
resistance.
