Polyphenols, Alkaloids, and Terpenoids Against Neurodegeneration: Evaluating the Neuroprotective Effects of Phytocompounds Through a Comprehensive Review of the Current Evidence

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 124 - 124

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a group of chronic, usually age-related, disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss, deformation structure, or loss function, leading to substantially reduced quality life. They remain significant focus scientific and clinical interest due their increasing medical social importance. Most neurodegenerative present intracellular protein aggregation extracellular deposition (plaques), such as α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease amyloid beta (Aβ)/tau aggregates Alzheimer's. Conventional treatments for conditions incur high costs are related the development several adverse effects. In addition, many patients irresponsive them. For these reasons, there is growing tendency find new therapeutic approaches help patients. This review intends investigate some phytocompounds' effects on diseases. These generally increased oxidative stress inflammation, so phytocompounds can prevent treat To achieve our aim provide critical assessment current literature about phytochemicals targeting neurodegeneration, we reviewed reputable databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, seeking trials that utilized against conditions. A few investigated humans, after screening, 13 were ultimately included following PRISMA guidelines. compounds include polyphenols (flavonoids luteolin quercetin, phenolic acids rosmarinic acid, ferulic caffeic other like resveratrol), alkaloids (such berberine, huperzine A, caffeine), terpenoids ginkgolides limonene). The gathered evidence underscores caffeine, ginkgolides, primarily anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, counteracting neuroinflammation, oxidation, synaptic dysfunctions, which crucial aspects intervention various conditions, Alzheimer's dementias, depression, neuropsychiatric disorders. summary, they show use improvements cognition, memory, disinhibition, irritability/lability, aberrant behavior, hallucinations, mood

Язык: Английский

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The Indissociable Triad: Vascular Impairment, Muscle Atrophy, and Cognitive Decline

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

The triad of vascular impairment, muscle atrophy, and cognitive decline represents critical age-related conditions that significantly impact health. Vascular impairment disrupts blood flow, precipitating mass reduction seen in sarcopenia the neuronal functions characteristic neurodegeneration. Our limited understanding intricate relationships within this hinders accurate diagnosis effective treatment strategies. This review ana-lyzes interrelated mechanisms contribute to these conditions, with a specific focus on ox-idative stress, chronic inflammation, impaired nutrient delivery. aim is understand common pathways involved suggest comprehensive therapeutic approaches. dysfunctions hinder circulation transportation nutrients, resulting sar-copenia characterized by atrophy weakness. dysfunction have negative physical function quality life. Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit comparable pathophysiological affect motor functions. Preventive approaches encompass lifestyle adjustments, addressing oxidative in-flammation, integrated therapies improving muscular well-being. Better links can refine strategies yield better patient out-comes. study emphasizes complex interplay between dysfunction, de-generation, decline, highlighting necessity for multidisciplinary ap-proaches. Advances domain promise improved diagnostic accuracy, more thera-peutic options, enhanced preventive measures, all contributing higher life elderly population.

Язык: Английский

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AdipoRon’s Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 484 - 484

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a leading cause of cognitive decline and mortality worldwide, characterized by neurodegeneration, synaptic deficiencies, neuroinflammation. Despite advancements in early detection, diagnosis, treatment, AD presents substantial challenges due to its complex pathology, heterogeneity, the limited efficacy current therapies. Consequently, there is pressing need for novel therapeutic agents target multifaceted aspects enhance treatments, minimize adverse effects. AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, has garnered interest potential neuroprotective effects, including reducing neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial function, mitigating tau hyperphosphorylation. This review aimed evaluate effects AdipoRon-based replacement therapy against AD, using comprehensive approach grounded PICO framework-Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes. A total six studies were reviewed, vitro vivo investigations examining AdipoRon's impact on various models. These involved different cell lines transgenic mouse models, assessing outcomes such as phosphorylation, relevant molecular pathways. By synthesizing data from these studies, our thoroughly explains mechanisms action, agent AD. analysis aims highlight state knowledge, identify gaps research, suggest directions future clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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From Serendipity to Precision: Integrating AI, Multi-Omics, and Human-Specific Models for Personalized Neuropsychiatric Care

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 167 - 167

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2025

Background/Objectives: The dual forces of structured inquiry and serendipitous discovery have long shaped neuropsychiatric research, with groundbreaking treatments such as lithium ketamine resulting from unexpected discoveries. However, relying on chance is becoming increasingly insufficient to address the rising prevalence mental health disorders like depression schizophrenia, which necessitate precise, innovative approaches. Emerging technologies artificial intelligence, induced pluripotent stem cells, multi-omics potential transform this field by allowing for predictive, patient-specific interventions. Despite these advancements, traditional methodologies animal models single-variable analyses continue be used, frequently failing capture complexities human conditions. Summary: This review critically evaluates transition serendipity precision-based in research. It focuses key innovations dynamic systems modeling network-based approaches that use genetic, molecular, environmental data identify new therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it emphasizes importance interdisciplinary collaboration human-specific overcoming limitations Conclusions: We highlight precision psychiatry’s transformative revolutionizing care. paradigm shift, combines cutting-edge systematic frameworks, promises increased diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, efficiency, paving way tailored better patient outcomes

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Intervention with Medicinal Plants: A Critical and Narrative Review of the Current Literature

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1), С. 133 - 133

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Neuroinflammation is a key factor in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, driven by dysregulation molecular pathways and activation brain’s immune system, resulting release pro-inflammatory oxidative molecules. This chronic inflammation exacerbated peripheral leukocyte infiltration into central nervous system. Medicinal plants, with their historical use traditional medicine, have emerged as promising candidates to mitigate neuroinflammation offer sustainable alternative for addressing conditions green healthcare framework. review evaluates effects medicinal plants on neuroinflammation, emphasizing mechanisms action, effective dosages, clinical implications, based systematic search databases such PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science. The findings highlight that like Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, Curcuma longa, Cannabis sativa, Dioscorea nipponica reduce cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), inhibit enzymes (COX-2 iNOS), activate antioxidant pathways, particularly Nrf2. NF-κB primary pathway inhibited across studies. While anti-inflammatory potential these significant, variability dosages phytochemical compositions limits translation. Here, we are modulators underscoring therapeutic potential. Future research should focus animal models, standardized protocols, safety assessments, integrating advanced methodologies, genetic studies nanotechnology, enhance applicability disease management.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting—A Comprehensive Review of Its Unusual Health Benefits

Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 143 - 143

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Melatonin is indispensable for the homeostasis of plants and animals. In humans, it can help prevent or be an adjuvant treatment several diseases mainly related to immune system, inflammation, oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet linked health benefits, such as regulation circadian rhythm, immunological epilepsy control, delaying aging process, diminishing hormones cancer. This review aimed show effects melatonin in beyond its traditional use. The results showed present scavenging free radicals, reducing inflammatory cytokines, modulating system. improve insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, adipose tissue mass, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, plaque formation. These result neuro- cardioprotection, improvement liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, sepsis. We conclude that plant benefit patients with many besides sleep problems neurodegeneration. Plant may more cost-effective fewer adverse events than synthetic. However, clinical trials should performed adequate doses, formulation, time.

Язык: Английский

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Targeting Atherosclerosis via NEDD4L Signaling—A Review of the Current Literature

Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 220 - 220

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of mortality worldwide. In this scenario, atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes dominate since their incidence increases as populations grow and age. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects arteries. Although its pathophysiology heterogeneous, some genes indissociably associated with occurrence, understanding effects on disease’s occurrence could undoubtedly define effective screening treatment strategies. One such gene NEDD4L. The NEDD4L related to ubiquitin ligase enzyme activities. It essential regulate vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis plaque stability, endothelial smooth cell function, lipid metabolism, particularly in controlling cholesterol levels. However, evidence dubious, no review has yet synthesized targeting atherosclerosis. Therefore, our aims fill gap by analyzing literature concerning occurrence. To achieve goal, we performed systematic search reputable databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web Science, Scopus, Embase. inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed original studies using vitro animal models due unavailability relevant clinical studies. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, articles did not focus relationship between those unrelated health condition were excluded. Studies written English language also strategy included from January 2000 2025 final analysis capture recent advancements. Following screening, five included. Most underscored NEDD4L’s role increasing formation, but other indicated stimulating may positively counter formation. future research endeavors must address several limitations, which have been tentatively highlighted throughout manuscript, for more informative based preclinical successfully translate findings into trials.

Язык: Английский

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Redefining Roles: A Paradigm Shift in Tryptophan–Kynurenine Metabolism for Innovative Clinical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(23), С. 12767 - 12767

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024

The tryptophan-kynurenine (KYN) pathway has long been recognized for its essential role in generating metabolites that influence various physiological processes. Traditionally, these have categorized into distinct, often opposing groups, such as pro-oxidant versus antioxidant, excitotoxic/neurotoxic neuroprotective. This dichotomous framework shaped much of the research on conditions like neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, well cancer, where metabolic imbalances are a key feature. effects significantly influenced by factors, including concentration particular cellular milieu which they generated. A molecule acts neuroprotective at low concentrations may exhibit neurotoxic elevated levels. oxidative equilibrium surrounding environment can alter function KYN from an antioxidant to pro-oxidant. narrative review offers comprehensive examination analysis contemporary understanding metabolites, emphasizing their multifaceted biological functions relevance numerous pathological underscores pressing necessity paradigm shift comprehension metabolism. Understanding context-dependent roles is vital novel therapies Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer. Comprehensive modulation, balancing inflammatory signals enzyme regulation, promising avenues targeted, effective treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Initial Glutathione Depletion During Short-Term Bed Rest: Pinpointing Synthesis and Degradation Checkpoints in the γ-Glutamyl Cycle

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(12), С. 1430 - 1430

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2024

Hypokinesia triggers oxidative stress and accelerates the turnover of glutathione system via γ-glutamyl cycle. Our study aimed to identify regulatory checkpoints controlling intracellular levels. We measured intermediate substrates cycle in erythrocytes from 19 healthy young male volunteers before during a 10-day experimental bed rest. Additionally, we tracked changes levels specific metabolite ratios up 21 days Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry internal standard technique, observed 9 ± 9% decrease first 5 rest, followed by an 11 increase 5th 10th day, nearly returning baseline ambulatory The cysteinyl-glycine-to-glutathione ratio, reflecting cyclotransferase activity (a key enzyme breakdown), rose 14 22% then fell 10 14% over subsequent days, again approaching cysteine-to-cysteine indicative cysteine synthetase (crucial for synthesis), increased 12 30% on day 29 41% results rest confirm those seen 10. By calculating ratio product concentration precursor concentration, assessed efficiency these enzymes turnover. These were corroborated directly measuring synthesis degradation rates vivo using stable isotope techniques. findings reveal significant kinetics initial potential therapeutic targets maintaining

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Key Mechanisms Driving Glymphopathy and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1), С. 3 - 3

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2024

The human microbiota constitute a very complex ecosystem of microorganisms inhabiting both the inside and outside our bodies, in which health maintenance disease modification are main regulatory features. recent explosion microbiome research has begun to detail its important role neurological health, particularly concerning cerebral small vessel (CSVD), disorder associated with cognitive decline vascular dementia. This narrative review represents state-of-the-art knowledge intimate, interplay between brain through gut-brain axis (GBA) emerging glymphatic system dysfunction (glymphopathy) circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) as mediators these interactions. We discuss how microbial dysbiosis promotes neuroinflammation, dysfunction, impaired waste clearance brain, critical factors pathogenesis CSVD. Further, we lifestyle that shape composition functionality microbiota, focusing on sleep modifiable risk factor disorders. presents from neuroscientific perspective establish future therapeutic avenues targeting improve reduce burden

Язык: Английский

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