Targeted therapy using engineered extracellular vesicles: principles and strategies for membrane modification

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 30–150 nm membrane-bound naturally secreted by cells and play important roles in intercellular communication delivering regulatory molecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids metabolites to recipient cells. As natural nano-carriers, EVs possess desirable properties high biocompatibility, biological barrier permeability, low toxicity, immunogenicity, making them potential therapeutic delivery vehicles. derived from specific have inherent targeting capacity towards cell types, which is yet not satisfactory enough for targeted therapy development needs be improved. Surface modifications endow with abilities, significantly improving their efficiency. Herein, we first briefly introduce the biogenesis, composition, uptake function of EVs, review cargo loading approaches EVs. Then, summarize recent advances surface engineering strategies focusing on applications engineered therapy. Altogether, hold great promise various cargos, show promising effects multiple diseases. Graphical

Язык: Английский

---

Edible exosome-like nanoparticles from portulaca oleracea L mitigate DSS-induced colitis via facilitating double-positive CD4+CD8+T cells expansion

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2023

Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) have been paid great attention in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). As a proof concept, we isolated and identified Portulaca oleracea L-derived (PELNs) from edible L, which exhibited desirable nano-size (~ 160 nm) negative zeta potential value (-31.4 mV). Oral administration PELNs effectively suppressed expressions pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β) myeloperoxidase (MPO), increased levels anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), alleviated acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced C57 mice IL-10-/- mice. Notably, excellent stability safety within gastrointestinal tract displayed specific targeting to inflamed sites colons Mechanistically, oral played crucial role maintaining diversity balance gut microbiota. Furthermore, enhanced Lactobacillus reuteri growth elevated indole derivative levels, might activate aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) conventional CD4+ T cells. This activation downregulated Zbtb7b expression, leading reprogramming cells into double-positive CD4+CD8+T (DP CD4+CD8+ cells). In conclusion, our findings highlighted orally administered as novel, natural, colon-targeted agent, offering promising therapeutic approach for managing UC. Schematic illustration effects L -derived natural on downregulate expression Zbtb7b, reprogram cells), decrease cytokines.

Язык: Английский

---

Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Exosomes as Nanocarriers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 18, С. 4751 - 4778

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Abstract: Exosomes, as natural nanocarriers, characterized with low immunogenicity, non-cytotoxicity and targeted delivery capability, which have advantages over synthetic nanocarriers. Recently, exosomes shown great potential diagnostic markers for diseases are also considered a promising cell-free therapy. Engineered significantly enhanced the efficacy precision of delivering therapeutic agents, currently being extensively employed in investigations various ailments, including oncology, inflammatory disorders, degenerative conditions. Particularly, engineered enable agent loading, modification, evasion MPS phagocytosis, intelligent control, bioimaging, been developed multifunctional nano-delivery platforms recent years. The utilization bioactive scaffolds that loaded exosome has to substantially augment retention, extend release, enhance efficacy. This approach advanced from conventional hydrogels nanocomposite hydrogels, nanofiber 3D printing, resulting superior physical biological properties effectively address limitations scaffolds. Additionally, plant-derived exosomes, can participate gut flora remodeling via oral administration, an ideal platform treatment intestinal diseases. Consequently, there is interest nanocarriers applications. comprehensive review provides overview biogenesis, composition, isolation methods exosomes. it examines pathological mechanisms diseases, tumors, Furthermore, this highlights significance microbial-derived Strategies specific applications scaffold-loaded further summarized, especially some new techniques such large-scale loading technique, macromolecular development nano-scaffold-loaded delivery. benefits using gut-related discussed. challenges, opportunities, prospects exosome-based disease diagnosis summarized both preclinical clinical viewpoints. Keywords: diagnosis,

Язык: Английский

---

Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade

Bioactive Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36, С. 126 - 156

Опубликована: Март 2, 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine nanomedicine applications. properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization particularly clinical settings at large scale, is hindered expensive procedures required their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated remarkable ability accommodate various cargoes found extensive applications biomedical sciences. To overcome limitations broaden potential applications, researchers should strive deepen understanding current loading, characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about origins employing state-of-the-art methodologies expand research scope. This review provides comprehensive overview exosome-based strategies diverse domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, biomarker Furthermore, we emphasize immense exosomes medicine.

Язык: Английский

---

Exosome for mRNA delivery: strategies and therapeutic applications

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic molecule with numerous clinical applications in treating central nervous system disorders, tumors, COVID-19, and other diseases. mRNA therapies must be encapsulated into safe, stable, effective delivery vehicles to preserve the cargo from degradation prevent immunogenicity. Exosomes have gained growing attention because of their good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, small size, unique capacity traverse physiological barriers, cell-specific tropism. Moreover, these exosomes can engineered utilize natural carriers target specific cells or tissues. This targeted approach will enhance efficacy reduce side effects mRNAs. However, difficulties such lack consistent reliable methods for exosome purification efficient encapsulation large mRNAs addressed. article outlines current breakthroughs cell-derived vesicle-mediated its biomedical applications. Graphical

Язык: Английский

---

Ginseng-derived nanoparticles alleviate inflammatory bowel disease via the TLR4/MAPK and p62/Nrf2/Keap1 pathways

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely linked to the homeostasis of intestinal environment, and exosomes can be used treat IBD due their high biocompatibility ability effectively absorbed by tract. However, Ginseng-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) have not been studied in this context mechanism action remains unclear. Here, we investigated GDNPs mediate intercellular communication a complex inflammatory microenvironment order IBD. We found that scavenge reactive oxygen species from immune cells epithelial cells, inhibit expression pro-inflammatory factors, promote proliferation differentiation stem as well enhancing diversity flora. significantly stabilise barrier thereby promoting tissue repair. Overall, proved ameliorate inflammation oxidative stress vivo vitro, acting on TLR4/MAPK p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathways, exerting an anti-inflammatory antioxidant effect. mitigated mice reducing factors improving environment. This study offers new evidence potential therapeutic effects IBD, providing conceptual ground for alternative strategy. Graphical

Язык: Английский

---

The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 179, С. 117302 - 117302

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's and ulcerative colitis, is a complex disorder with an unknown cause. However, the dysbiosis of gut microbiome has been found to play role in IBD etiology, exacerbated immune responses defective intestinal barrier integrity. The can also be potential biomarker for several diseases, IBD. Currently, conventional treatments targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines pathways IBD-associated do not yield effective results. Other therapies that directly target dysbiotic outcomes are emerging. We review health its as diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic This explores emerging advancements microbiome-associated alterations IBD, such nanoparticle or encapsulation delivery, fecal microbiota transplantation, nutritional therapies, microbiome/probiotic engineering, phage therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), proteins, herbal formulas.

Язык: Английский

---

Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Emerging Nanosystems for Enhanced Tissue Engineering

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер Volume 19, С. 1189 - 1204

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract: Tissue engineering holds great potential for tissue repair and rejuvenation. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have recently emerged as a promising avenue in engineering. However, there is an urgent need to understand how plant ELNs can be therapeutically applied clinical disease management, especially regeneration. In this review, we comprehensively examine the properties, characteristics, isolation techniques of ELNs. We also discuss their impact on immune system, compatibility with human body, role To ensure suitability engineering, explore various modification strategies. Additionally, provide insights into progress commercialization industrial perspectives This review aims highlight regenerative medicine by exploring current research landscape key findings. Keywords: plant, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, cartilage, wound, bone

Язык: Английский

---

Emerging role of bacterial outer membrane vesicle in gastrointestinal tract

Gut Pathogens, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023

Bacteria form a highly complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that bacteria can release nanoscale phospholipid bilayer particles encapsulate nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by microorganisms transport variety of important factors, such as virulence antibiotics, HGT, defensive factors produced host eukaryotic cells. addition, these EVs vital facilitating communication between microbiota host. Therefore, bacterial play crucial role maintaining GI tract's health proper functioning. this review, we outlined structure composition EVs. Additionally, highlighted critical immune regulation balance gut microbiota. To further elucidate progress field intestinal research to provide reference for future EV studies, also discussed clinical pharmacological potential EVs, well necessary efforts required understand mechanisms interaction pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

---

Effect of Extracelluar Vesicles Derived from Akkermansia muciniphila on Intestinal Barrier in Colitis Mice

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(22), С. 4722 - 4722

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease. It has been observed that the incidence prevalence of IBD are increasing, which consequently raises risk developing colon cancer. Recently, regulation intestinal barrier by probiotics become an effective treatment for colitis. Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (Akk EVs) nano-vesicles contain multiple bioactive macromolecules with potential to modulate barrier. In this study, we used ultrafiltration in conjunction high-speed centrifugation extract Akk EVs. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model was established assess anti-inflammatory effects found EVs were able be absorbed cells significantly reduce expression nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-1β (p < 0.05). We explored preventative on colitis regulating using mouse caused dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The findings demonstrated effectively prevented symptoms reduced colonic tissue injury. Additionally, enhanced effectiveness elevating MUC2 (0.53 ± 0.07), improving mucus integrity, reducing permeability Moreover, increased proportion beneficial bacteria Firmicutes (33.01 0.09%) downregulated harmful Proteobacteria (0.32 0.27%). These suggest possess ability regulate immune responses, protect barriers, gut microbiota. research presents intervention approach prevent

Язык: Английский

---