Introduction:
Diagnosis
and
treatment
of
ocular
tuberculosis
is
very
challenging.
It
poses
a
significant
potential
management
dilemma
after
diagnosis
as
primary,
active,
or
secondary
infection.
The
higher
amounts
orally
administered
antitubercular
drugs
are
needed
to
achieve
the
therapeutic
concentration
in
eye,
which
may
lead
risk
side
effects.
However,
intravitreal
administration
not
practiced
because
frequent
injections.
Methods:
This
study
was
carried
out
develop,
optimize,
characterize
rifampicin-loaded
poly
(lactic-co-glycolic
acid)
(PLGA)
nanoparticles
make
them
sustained
release
followed
by
direct
plain
rifampicin
nano-formulations
vitreous
rabbit
eyes.
Both
groups
were
comparatively
assessed
for
delivery
two
preparations
their
systemic
toxicity.
Results:
characteristics
786
nm
size
with
narrow
distribution
along
zeta
-12
mV.
drug
encapsulation
efficiency
loading
capacity
67.68%
w/w
42.28%
w/w,
respectively.
four
New
Zealand
white
rabbits
divided
into
given
(50µl
volume)
PLGA
nanoformulations
each
eye.
In
vivo,
produced
week,
even
obtaining
0.51
µg/ml
levels
on
seventh
day
against
negligible
one
free
rifampicin.
Cmax
Rifampicin
0.44
1.86
µg/ml,
Conclusion:
this
experimental
proof-of-concept
study,
we
have
found
that
released
manner
up
seven
days
compared
only
vitreous.
intravitreal-administered
did
reach
circulation.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(1), С. 136 - 136
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2025
Nanosuspensions
(NS),
with
their
submicron
particle
sizes
and
unique
physicochemical
properties,
provide
a
versatile
solution
for
enhancing
the
administration
of
medications
that
are
not
highly
soluble
in
water
or
lipids.
This
review
highlights
recent
advancements,
future
prospects,
challenges
NS-based
drug
delivery,
particularly
oral,
ocular,
transdermal,
pulmonary,
parenteral
routes.
The
conversion
oral
NS
into
powders,
pellets,
granules,
tablets,
capsules,
incorporation
film
dosage
forms
to
address
stability
concerns
is
thoroughly
reviewed.
article
summarizes
key
stabilizers,
polymers,
surfactants,
excipients
used
formulations,
along
ongoing
clinical
trials
patents.
Furthermore,
comprehensive
analysis
various
methods
preparation
provided.
also
explores
vitro
vivo
characterization
techniques,
as
well
scale-down
technologies
bottom-up
preparation.
Selected
examples
commercial
products
discussed.
Rapid
advances
field
could
resolve
issues
related
permeability-limited
absorption
hepatic
first-pass
metabolism,
offering
promise
based
on
proteins
peptides.
evolution
novel
stabilizers
essential
overcome
current
limitations
stability,
bioavailability,
targeting
ability,
safety
profile,
which
ultimately
accelerates
application
commercialization.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 19, С. 5021 - 5044
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Nanoparticle
systems
integrating
alginate
and
chitosan
emerge
as
a
promising
avenue
to
tackle
challenges
in
leveraging
the
potency
of
pharmacological
active
agents.
Owing
their
intrinsic
properties
polysaccharides,
chitosan,
exhibit
remarkable
biocompatibility,
rendering
them
conducive
bodily
integration.
By
downsizing
drug
particles
nano-scale,
system
enhances
solubility
aqueous
environments
by
augmenting
surface
area.
Additionally,
orchestrates
extended
release
kinetics,
aligning
well
with
exigencies
chronic
requisite
for
antibacterial
therapeutics.
A
thorough
scrutiny
existing
literature
underscores
wealth
evidence
supporting
utilization
alginate-chitosan
nanoparticle
agent
delivery.
Literature
reviews
present
abundant
based
on
combination
Various
experiments
demonstrate
enhanced
efficacy,
including
an
increase
inhibitory
zone
diameter,
improvement
minimum
concentration,
enhancement
bacterial
reduction
rate.
This
efficacy
occurs
due
mechanisms
involving
increased
resulting
from
particle
size
reduction,
prolonged
effects,
selectivity
towards
cell
walls,
stemming
ionic
interactions
between
positively
charged
teichoic
acid
walls.
However,
clinical
studies
remain
limited,
there
are
currently
no
marketed
drugs
utilizing
this
system.
Hence,
expediting
validation
is
crucial
maximize
its
benefits
promptly.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(4), С. 436 - 436
Опубликована: Март 28, 2025
Background:
Nanocrystals,
a
carrier-free
nanotechnology,
offer
significant
advantages
for
pulmonary
drug
delivery
by
enhancing
the
dissolution
and
solubility
of
poorly
soluble
drugs
while
maintaining
favorable
biological
properties
low
toxicity.
This
study
aims
to
investigate
aerodynamic
performance
stability
nanocrystal-based
dry
powders
(NC-DPs).
Methods:
Nanocrystalline
suspensions
were
produced
via
wet
media
milling
subjected
studies
before
undergoing
nano
spray
drying.
A
factorial
design
was
employed
optimize
process
parameters.
The
influence
mannitol
leucine,
individually
in
combination,
evaluated
terms
(Aerodynamic
Particle
Sizer
(APS),
silico
modeling)
physicochemical
at
room
temperature
(in
desiccator)
accelerated
conditions
(40
±
2
°C,
75
5%
relative
humidity).
Results:
APS
analysis
revealed
that
leucine-containing
(K-NC-Ls)
exhibited
smallest
median
(1.357
µm)
geometric
mean
(1.335
particle
sizes,
dispersibility.
However,
results
indicated
highest
exhaled
fraction
K-NC-L,
highlighting
need
optimized
excipient
selection.
Although
showed
lowest
fraction,
it
mainly
deposited
extra-thoracic
region
silico.
mannitol/leucine
combination
(K-NC-ML)
high
lung
deposition
Also,
K-NC-ML
demonstrated
superior
stability,
with
6%
reduction
D[0.5]
decrease
span
overtime.
Furthermore,
no
changes
crystallinity,
thermal
behavior,
release,
or
mass
diameter
observed
under
stress
conditions.
Conclusions:
These
findings
confirm
combined
incorporation
leucine
NC-DP
formulations
enhances
performance,
making
promising
approach
delivery.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 19, С. 8091 - 8113
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
The
current
treatments
for
wound
healing
still
exhibit
drawbacks
due
to
limited
availability
at
the
action
sites,
susceptibility
degradation,
and
immediate
drug
release,
all
of
which
are
detrimental
in
chronic
conditions.
Nano-modification
strategies,
offering
various
advantages
that
can
enhance
physicochemical
properties
drugs,
have
been
employed
efforts
maximize
efficacy
medications.
Nowadays,
nanostructured
lipid
carriers
(NLCs)
provide
delivery
capabilities
safeguard
active
compounds
from
environmental
influences
enable
controlled
release
profiles.
Consequently,
NLCs
considered
an
alternative
therapy
address
challenges
encountered
treatment.
This
review
delves
into
application
healing,
encompassing
discussions
on
their
composition,
preparation
methods,
impact
treatment
effectiveness.
modification
drugs
NLC
model
be
facilitated
using
relatively
straightforward
technologies
such
as
pressure-based
processes,
emulsification
techniques,
solvent
utilization
or
phase
inversion.
Moreover,
production
with
minimal
material
compositions
accommodate
both
single
combination
delivery.
Through
vitro,
vivo,
clinical
studies,
it
has
substantiated
therapeutic
potential
types
treatments.
by
reducing
substance
particle
size,
increasing
solubility
bioavailability,
prolonging
ensuring
sustained
dosage
site
wounds.
In
summary,
represent
effective
nanocarrier
system
optimizing
bioavailability
pharmacological
ingredients
context
healing.
Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(6), С. 1420 - 1420
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
Diabetic
retinopathy
(RD)
is
a
microvascular
disease
that
can
cause
the
formation
of
fragile
neovessels,
increasing
risk
hemorrhages
and
leading
to
vision
loss.
Current
therapies
are
based
on
intravitreal
injection
anti-VEGF
(vascular
endothelial
growth
factor),
which
invasive
secondary
effects.
The
development
new
treatments
complement
current
necessary
improve
patient’s
outcomes.
Nanostructured
formulations
offer
several
advantages
regarding
drug
delivery
penetration.
In
this
research,
resveratrol
nanosuspension
(RSV-NS)
was
prepared
characterized
using
dynamic
light
scattering,
field
emission
scanning
electron
microscopy,
infrared
spectroscopy.
RSV-NS
had
an
average
particle
size
304.0
±
81.21
nm
with
PDI
0.225
0.036,
spherical-like
morphology
uniform
distribution.
Cell
viability,
proliferation,
migration
were
tested
cells
(HMRECs).
in
concentration
less
than
18.75
µM
did
not
have
cytotoxic
effect
HMRECs.
Likewise,
proliferation
significantly
reduced
compared
unstimulated
control
at
37.5
µM.
present
effects
but
decreased
cell
migration,
indicating
it
could
provide
important
contribution
future
medical
implementations
high
potential
treat
disease.
