Sitagliptin Treatment at the Time of Hospitalization Was Associated With Reduced Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19: A Multicenter, Case-Control, Retrospective, Observational Study

Diabetes Care, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(12), С. 2999 - 3006

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2020

OBJECTIVE Poor outcomes have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); thus, it is mandatory to explore novel therapeutic approaches for this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study, sitagliptin, an oral highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was added standard of care (e.g., insulin administration) at the time hospitalization who were hospitalized COVID-19. Every center also recruited 1:1 ratio untreated control subjects matched age sex. All had pneumonia exhibited oxygen saturation <95% when breathing ambient air or receiving support. The primary end points discharge from hospital/death improvement clinical outcomes, defined as increase least two on seven-category modified ordinal scale. Data collected retrospectively sitagliptin 1 March through 30 April 2020. RESULTS Of 338 consecutive COVID-19 admitted Northern Italy hospitals included 169 while care. Treatment associated reduced mortality (18% vs. 37% deceased patients; hazard 0.44 [95% CI 0.29–0.66]; P = 0.0001), (60% 38% improved 0.0001) greater number hospital discharges (120 89 discharged 0.0008) compared care, respectively. CONCLUSIONS study COVID-19, treatment standard-of-care treatment. effects should be confirmed ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Язык: Английский

---

Obesity and COVID-19: what makes obese host so vulnerable?

Immunity & Ageing, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2021

Abstract The disease (COVID-19) novel coronavirus pandemic has so far infected millions resulting in the death of over a million people as Oct 2020. More than 90% those with COVID-19 show mild or no symptoms but rest cases severe significant mortality. Age emerged major factor to predict severity and mortality rates are significantly higher elderly patients. Besides, patients underlying conditions like Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancer have an increased risk due infection. Obesity for hospitalization COVID-19. Several independent studies observed that obesity at greater Here we review published data related overweight assess possible outcome Covid-19 based on their body weight. explore how obese host provides unique microenvironment pathogenesis, poor outcome.

Язык: Английский

---

Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19–Related Mortality in the Critical Care Setting: A National Cohort Study in England, March–July 2020

Diabetes Care, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 44(1), С. 50 - 57

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2020

OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality among adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critical care setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study people admitted to hospital England COVID-19 requiring admission high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive (ICU) 1 March 2020 27 July 2020. Cox proportional hazards models were used estimate 30-day in-hospital associated diabetes, adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, other major comorbidities (chronic respiratory disease, asthma, chronic heart hypertension, immunosuppression, neurological renal liver disease). RESULTS A total of 19,256 COVID-19–related HDU ICU admissions included primary analysis, including 13,809 (mean age 70 years) 5,447 58 admissions. Of those admitted, 3,524 (18.3%) had 5,077 (26.4%) died during period. Patients at increased risk death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.23 [95% CI 1.14, 1.32]), this result consistent subsets. The relative decreased higher (age 18–49 years aHR 1.50 1.05, 2.15], 50–64 1.29 [1.10, 1.51], ≥65 1.18 [1.09, 1.29]; P value age–type interaction = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Type may be an independent prognostic factor survival severe treatment, setting increase is greatest younger people.

Язык: Английский

---

Metformin Use Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in a Diverse Population With COVID-19 and Diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2021

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic with an increasing death toll that has been linked to various comorbidities as well racial disparity. However, the specific characteristics of these at-risk populations are still not known and approaches lower mortality lacking.

Язык: Английский

---

The Integration of Sex and Gender Considerations Into Biomedical Research: Lessons From International Funding Agencies

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 106(10), С. 3034 - 3048

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2021

Abstract To improve the outcomes of research and medicine, government-based international funding agencies have implemented various types policies mechanisms with respect to sex as a biological variable gender sociocultural factor. After 1990s, US National Institutes Health (NIH), Canadian Research (CIHR), European Commission (EC) began requesting that applicants address considerations in grant proposals, offering resources help scientific community integrate into biomedical research. Although it is too early analyze data on success all implemented, here we review use both carrots (incentives) sticks (requirements) developed motivate researchers entire enterprise consider influences health science. The NIH focused (SABV) aligned an initiative enhance reproducibility through rigor transparency; CIHR instituted sex- gender-based analysis (SGBA) policy; EC required integration “gender dimension,” which incorporates sex, gender, intersectional innovation. Other global efforts are briefly summarized. still learning what works, share lessons learned In conjunction refining expanding mechanisms, private funders/philanthropic groups, editors peer-reviewed journals, academic institutions, professional organizations, ethics boards, care systems, industry also need make concerted research, must bridge across silos promote systemwide solutions throughout enterprise. For example, encourage disaggregate by development tools better measure effects, or similar SABV and/or SGBA adopted funders would accelerate progress. Uptake, accountability for, critical appraisal will be crucial achieving goal relevant, reproducible, replicable, responsible science lead evidence-based, personalized for all, but especially women.

Язык: Английский

---

COVID-19 and Preexisting Comorbidities: Risks, Synergies, and Clinical Outcomes

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated symptoms, named disease 2019 (COVID-19), have rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in the declaration of a pandemic. When several countries began enacting quarantine lockdown policies, pandemic as it is now known truly began. While most patients minimal approximately 20% verified subjects are suffering from serious medical consequences. Co-existing diseases, such cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, others, been shown to make more vulnerable severe outcomes COVID-19 by modulating host–viral interactions immune responses, causing infection mortality. In this review, we outline putative signaling pathways at interface emphasizing clinical molecular implications concurring diseases outcomes. As evidence limited on co-existing COVID-19, findings preliminary, further research required for optimal management with comorbidities.

Язык: Английский

---

Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcome of COVID-19 in Adults on Kidney Replacement Therapy: A Regionwide Registry Study

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 32(2), С. 385 - 396

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disproportionally affects frail, elderly patients and those with multiple chronic comorbidities. Whether on RRT have an additional risk because of their specific exposure complex immune dysregulation is controversial.To describe the incidence, characteristics, outcomes SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a prospective, multicenter, region-wide registry study in adult versus general population from March to May 25, 2020. This comprised all undergoing Flanders region Belgium, country that has been severely affected by disease 2019 (COVID-19).At end epidemic wave, crude age-standardized cumulative incidence rates were 5.3% 2.5%, respectively, among 4297 hemodialysis, 1.4% 1.6%, 3293 kidney transplants (compared 0.6% population). Crude mortality 29.6% 19.9%, 14.0% 23.0%, 15.3% We found no excess hemodialysis when compared mean during same 12-week period 2015-2019 COVID-19 was balanced lower than expected uninfected patients. Only 0.18% transplant died infection.Mortality associated high RRT. Nevertheless, epidemic's overall effect remained remarkably limited Flanders. Calculation age standardization provide more reliable picture burden

Язык: Английский

---

Metabolomics in infectious diseases and drug discovery

Molecular Omics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(3), С. 376 - 393

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Metabolomics has emerged as an invaluable tool that can be used along with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand host-pathogen interactions at small-molecule levels. been study a variety of infectious diseases applications. The most common application metabolomics is for prognostic diagnostic purposes, specifically the screening disease-specific biomarkers by either NMR-based or mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In addition, great significance discovery druggable metabolic enzymes and/or regulators through use state-of-the-art flux analysis, example, via elucidation mechanisms. This review discusses technologies biomarker screening, drug targets in such viral, bacterial parasite infections immunometabolomics, highlights challenges associated accessing metabolite compartmentalization available tools determining local concentrations.

Язык: Английский

---

Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19 Mortality Among Adult Black Patients in New Orleans

Diabetes Care, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 44(1), С. 188 - 193

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality is high in patients with hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. We examined the association between diabetes, individually clustered as metabolic syndrome (MetS), COVID-19 outcomes hospitalized New Orleans during peak of outbreak.

Язык: Английский

---

Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease

Experimental Gerontology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 142, С. 111147 - 111147

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2020

Язык: Английский

---