Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in “Long COVID”: pathophysiology, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Long COVID is characterized by persistent signs and symptoms that continue or develop for more than 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection. Patients with experience a cardiovascular autonomic imbalance known as dysautonomia. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Current hypotheses include neurotropism, cytokine storms, inflammatory persistence. Certain immunological factors indicate autoimmune dysfunction, which can be used to identify patients at higher risk of COVID. Heart rate variability imbalances in individuals suffering from COVID, measurement non-invasive low-cost method assessing modulation. Additionally, biochemical markers are diagnosing monitoring These improve understanding driving response its effects on sympathetic parasympathetic pathways nervous system. Autonomic may result lower heart variability, impaired vagal activity, substantial sympathovagal imbalance. New research subject must encouraged enhance long-term risks cause

Язык: Английский

---

Is antiviral treatment at the acute phase of COVID-19 effective for decreasing the risk of long-COVID? A systematic review

Infection, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(1), С. 43 - 58

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Impact of Pre-Infection COVID-19 Vaccination on the Incidence and Severity of Post-COVID Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 189 - 189

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

This systematic review critically evaluated the impact of a pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination on incidence and severity post-COVID-19 syndrome aimed to assess potential protective effect across different vaccines patient demographics. study hypothesized that before infection substantially reduces risk syndrome. In October 2023, comprehensive literature search was conducted three databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, focusing studies published up date. Utilizing wide array keywords, strategy adhered PRISMA guidelines registered in Open Science Framework. The inclusion criteria comprised patients with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 who developed We included total 13 articles met criteria, analyzing more than 10 million mean age 50.6 years, showing intensive care unit (ICU) admissions post-vaccination as low 2.4%, significant reduction mortality (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74). prevalence symptoms lower vaccinated individuals (9.5%) compared unvaccinated (14.6%), notable decrease activity-limiting (adjusted OR 0.59, 0.48–0.73). Vaccinated also showed quicker recovery return work (HR 1.37, 1.04–1.79). pooled odds ratio 0.77 indicates is associated 23% developing (95% 0.75–0.79). Despite effects observed, substantial heterogeneity among noted. conclusion, However, observed suggests need for further research standardized methods fully comprehend vaccine efficacy against long COVID.

Язык: Английский

---

Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(7), С. 1060 - 1060

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019, nearly 700 million COVID-19 cases and 7 deaths have been reported globally. Despite most individuals recovering within four weeks, Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 7.5% to 41% develop post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), known as 'Long COVID'. This review provides current statistics on Long COVID's prevalence, explores hypotheses concerning epidemiological factors, such age, gender, comorbidities, initial severity, vaccine interactions, delves into potential mechanisms, including immune responses, viral persistence, gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we conclude women, advanced non-vaccination, low socioeconomic status all appear be risk factors. The reasons these differences are still not fully understood likely involve a complex relationship between social, genetic, hormonal, other Furthermore, with seem more endure economic hardship due persistent symptoms. In summary, our findings further illustrate multifaceted nature COVID underscore importance understanding factors mechanisms needed effective therapeutic strategies interventions.

Язык: Английский

---

The roles of the kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 neuropathogenesis

Infection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(5), С. 2043 - 2059

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of highly contagious disease Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that may lead to various neurological and psychological disorders can be acute, lasting days weeks or months possibly longer. latter known as long-COVID more recently post-acute sequelae COVID (PASC). During COVID-19 infection, a strong inflammatory response, cytokine storm, occurs in some patients. levels interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-β (IFN-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are particularly increased. These cytokines activate enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), catalysing first step tryptophan (Trp) catabolism through kynurenine pathway (KP) leading production several neurotoxic immunosuppressive metabolites. There already data showing elevation KP metabolites both acutely PASC, especially regarding cognitive impairment. Thus, it likely involvement significant SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis neurologically.

Язык: Английский

---

Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health

Archives of Microbiology & Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to a range of long-lasting symptoms, collectively referred as long COVID. Current research highlights the critical role angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in regulating gut microbiota diversity, vascular function, and homeostasis within renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 is utilized by virus enter host cells, but its downregulation following contributes dysbiosis RAS disruption. These imbalances have been linked COVID including joint pain, chest chronic cough, fatigue, brain fog, anxiety, depression, myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, memory difficulties, impaired attention. This review investigates dysregulation caused long-term effects it on various organ systems, musculoskeletal, neurological, renal, respiratory, cardiovascular systems. We explored bidirectional interactions between microbiota, immune these focusing how inflammation dysfunction observed symptoms. Understanding key for identifying effective therapeutic strategies interventional targets aimed at mitigating impact health improving patient outcomes.

Язык: Английский

---

Identification of soluble biomarkers that associate with distinct manifestations of long COVID

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(5), С. 692 - 705

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Overview

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 163 - 163

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions worldwide since its outbreak in the winter of 2019. While extensive research primarily focused on deleterious effects SARS-CoV-2 recent years, pan-tropism become evident. Among vital organs susceptible to infection is kidney. Post infection, patients have developed disease 19 (COVID-19), with reported incidences COVID-19 developing kidney injury (AKI). Given COVID-19’s multisystemic manifestation, our review focuses impact within renal system an emphasis current hypotheses regarding role extracellular vesicles (EVs) pathogenesis. Emerging studies shown that can directly infect kidney, whereas EVs are involved spreading particles other neighboring cells. Once viral system, many proinflammatory signaling pathways be activated, resulting AKI. Hence, clinical investigation urinary components and total (uEVs) been used assess severity AKI COVID-19. Remarkedly, new emerging potential mesenchymal stem cell-derived (MSC-EVs) ACE2-containing as a hopeful therapeutic tool inhibit RNA replication block entry, respectively. Overall, understanding EVs’ physiological crucial hopefully will rejuvenate approach towards

Язык: Английский

---

Clinical and Physiological Variables in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition and Persistent Fatigue

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(13), С. 3876 - 3876

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Background/Objectives: Post-COVID-19 condition can manifest through various symptoms such as dyspnea, cognitive disturbances, and fatigue, with mechanisms related to these symptoms, particularly those still requiring further clarification. Therefore, our aim was assess the clinical physiological variables in patients post-COVID-19 persistent fatigue. Methods: After one year infection, underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including complete blood count, metabolic panel, spirometry, assessments of quality life, anxiety depression, physical capacity, body composition, muscle strength, comorbidities, medications. The participants were categorized into two groups: G1—fatigue G2—non-fatigue. Results: Seventy-seven (53% female; 55 ± 11.8 years) included, 37 G1 40 G2. As for markers illness, fatigue greater sensation dyspnea [BDI score: 7.5 (6–9) vs. 12 (9–12), p < 0.001; mMRC 1 (1–2) 0 (0–1), = 0.002], worse life [SGRQ total 1404 (1007–1897) 497 (274–985); 0.001], higher levels [HADS-A 8 (5–9) 3 (0.5–4); reduction peripheral inspiratory strength [handgrip strength: 34 (28–40) (30–46.5) kgf, 0.044; MIP: −81 31 −111 33 mmHg, 0.001)] observed. Conclusions: Those exhibited anxiety, reduced impairment life. severity influenced by worsening heightened levels, decreased strength. Additionally, associated lower capacity.

Язык: Английский

---

An updated meta-analysis of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention of COVID-19 based on Western-Eastern medicine

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2023

Background and aims: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used to prevent treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical practices. Many studies have demonstrated that the combination of CHM Western can be more effective treating COVID-19 compared alone. However, evidence-based on prevention undiagnosed or suspected cases remain scarce. This systematic review meta-analysis aimed investigate effectiveness preventing recurrent, new, diseases. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search using ten databases including articles published between December September 2023. identify investigating use COVID-19. Heterogeneity assessed by random-effects model. The relative risk (RR) mean differences were calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI). modified Jadad Scale Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) employed evaluate quality randomized controlled trials cohort studies, respectively. Results: Seventeen with total 47,351 patients included. Results revealed significantly reduced incidence (RR = 0.24, CI 0.11-0.53, p 0.0004), influenza 0.37, 0.18-0.76, 0.007), severe pneumonia exacerbation rate 0.17, 0.05-0.64, 0.009) non-treatment conventional control group. Evidence evaluation indicated moderate evidence for serum complement components C3 C4 trials. For RCTs as well ratio CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes, low. remaining outcomes disappearance symptoms adverse reactions deemed very low quality. Conclusion: presents promising therapeutic option additional high-quality are needed further strengthen evidential integrity.

Язык: Английский

---