Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in “Long COVID”: pathophysiology, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Long COVID is characterized by persistent signs and symptoms that continue or develop for more than 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection. Patients with experience a cardiovascular autonomic imbalance known as dysautonomia. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Current hypotheses include neurotropism, cytokine storms, inflammatory persistence. Certain immunological factors indicate autoimmune dysfunction, which can be used to identify patients at higher risk of COVID. Heart rate variability imbalances in individuals suffering from COVID, measurement non-invasive low-cost method assessing modulation. Additionally, biochemical markers are diagnosing monitoring These improve understanding driving response its effects on sympathetic parasympathetic pathways nervous system. Autonomic may result lower heart variability, impaired vagal activity, substantial sympathovagal imbalance. New research subject must encouraged enhance long-term risks cause

Язык: Английский

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Is antiviral treatment at the acute phase of COVID-19 effective for decreasing the risk of long-COVID? A systematic review

Infection, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(1), С. 43 - 58

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Pre-Infection COVID-19 Vaccination on the Incidence and Severity of Post-COVID Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 189 - 189

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

This systematic review critically evaluated the impact of a pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination on incidence and severity post-COVID-19 syndrome aimed to assess potential protective effect across different vaccines patient demographics. study hypothesized that before infection substantially reduces risk syndrome. In October 2023, comprehensive literature search was conducted three databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, focusing studies published up date. Utilizing wide array keywords, strategy adhered PRISMA guidelines registered in Open Science Framework. The inclusion criteria comprised patients with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 who developed We included total 13 articles met criteria, analyzing more than 10 million mean age 50.6 years, showing intensive care unit (ICU) admissions post-vaccination as low 2.4%, significant reduction mortality (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74). prevalence symptoms lower vaccinated individuals (9.5%) compared unvaccinated (14.6%), notable decrease activity-limiting (adjusted OR 0.59, 0.48–0.73). Vaccinated also showed quicker recovery return work (HR 1.37, 1.04–1.79). pooled odds ratio 0.77 indicates is associated 23% developing (95% 0.75–0.79). Despite effects observed, substantial heterogeneity among noted. conclusion, However, observed suggests need for further research standardized methods fully comprehend vaccine efficacy against long COVID.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(7), С. 1060 - 1060

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019, nearly 700 million COVID-19 cases and 7 deaths have been reported globally. Despite most individuals recovering within four weeks, Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 7.5% to 41% develop post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), known as 'Long COVID'. This review provides current statistics on Long COVID's prevalence, explores hypotheses concerning epidemiological factors, such age, gender, comorbidities, initial severity, vaccine interactions, delves into potential mechanisms, including immune responses, viral persistence, gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we conclude women, advanced non-vaccination, low socioeconomic status all appear be risk factors. The reasons these differences are still not fully understood likely involve a complex relationship between social, genetic, hormonal, other Furthermore, with seem more endure economic hardship due persistent symptoms. In summary, our findings further illustrate multifaceted nature COVID underscore importance understanding factors mechanisms needed effective therapeutic strategies interventions.

Язык: Английский

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The roles of the kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 neuropathogenesis

Infection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52(5), С. 2043 - 2059

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of highly contagious disease Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that may lead to various neurological and psychological disorders can be acute, lasting days weeks or months possibly longer. latter known as long-COVID more recently post-acute sequelae COVID (PASC). During COVID-19 infection, a strong inflammatory response, cytokine storm, occurs in some patients. levels interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-β (IFN-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are particularly increased. These cytokines activate enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), catalysing first step tryptophan (Trp) catabolism through kynurenine pathway (KP) leading production several neurotoxic immunosuppressive metabolites. There already data showing elevation KP metabolites both acutely PASC, especially regarding cognitive impairment. Thus, it likely involvement significant SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis neurologically.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Overview

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 163 - 163

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions worldwide since its outbreak in the winter of 2019. While extensive research primarily focused on deleterious effects SARS-CoV-2 recent years, pan-tropism become evident. Among vital organs susceptible to infection is kidney. Post infection, patients have developed disease 19 (COVID-19), with reported incidences COVID-19 developing kidney injury (AKI). Given COVID-19’s multisystemic manifestation, our review focuses impact within renal system an emphasis current hypotheses regarding role extracellular vesicles (EVs) pathogenesis. Emerging studies shown that can directly infect kidney, whereas EVs are involved spreading particles other neighboring cells. Once viral system, many proinflammatory signaling pathways be activated, resulting AKI. Hence, clinical investigation urinary components and total (uEVs) been used assess severity AKI COVID-19. Remarkedly, new emerging potential mesenchymal stem cell-derived (MSC-EVs) ACE2-containing as a hopeful therapeutic tool inhibit RNA replication block entry, respectively. Overall, understanding EVs’ physiological crucial hopefully will rejuvenate approach towards

Язык: Английский

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Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Updated 2023/24 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in High-Risk Populations in the United States

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

In the post-pandemic era, people with underlying medical conditions continue to be at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease, yet vaccination uptake remains low. This study estimated clinical and economic impact of updated 2023/24 Moderna among high-risk adults versus no Pfizer/BioNTech vaccination. A static Markov model was adapted adults, including immunocompromised (IC), chronic lung disease (CLD), kidney (CKD), cardiovascular (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) populations in United States (US). Vaccination vaccine current coverage rates prevent considerable hospitalizations CLD (101,309), DM (97,358), CVD (47,830), IC (14,834), CKD (13,558) also provided net cost-savings US$399 million (M)-2129M (healthcare payer) $457M-2531M (societal perspective), depending on population. The return-on-investment positive across all ($1.10-$2.60 gain every $1 invested). Healthcare savings a relative 10% increase ($439M-$2342M), from meeting US 2030 targets 70% ($1096M-$5707M). Based higher effectiveness observed real-world evidence studies, additional (13,105), (10,359), (6241), (1979), (942) Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine, healthcare payer societal cost-savings, making it dominant strategy. per patient vaccinated were $31.00-$59.00, Results robust sensitivity/scenario analyses. Updated provide significant health benefits through prevention populations, payers society, Increasing low cost-saving while preventing many more infections these populations. graphical abstract is available this article.

Язык: Английский

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An updated meta-analysis of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention of COVID-19 based on Western-Eastern medicine

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2023

Background and aims: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used to prevent treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical practices. Many studies have demonstrated that the combination of CHM Western can be more effective treating COVID-19 compared alone. However, evidence-based on prevention undiagnosed or suspected cases remain scarce. This systematic review meta-analysis aimed investigate effectiveness preventing recurrent, new, diseases. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search using ten databases including articles published between December September 2023. identify investigating use COVID-19. Heterogeneity assessed by random-effects model. The relative risk (RR) mean differences were calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI). modified Jadad Scale Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) employed evaluate quality randomized controlled trials cohort studies, respectively. Results: Seventeen with total 47,351 patients included. Results revealed significantly reduced incidence (RR = 0.24, CI 0.11-0.53, p 0.0004), influenza 0.37, 0.18-0.76, 0.007), severe pneumonia exacerbation rate 0.17, 0.05-0.64, 0.009) non-treatment conventional control group. Evidence evaluation indicated moderate evidence for serum complement components C3 C4 trials. For RCTs as well ratio CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes, low. remaining outcomes disappearance symptoms adverse reactions deemed very low quality. Conclusion: presents promising therapeutic option additional high-quality are needed further strengthen evidential integrity.

Язык: Английский

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Tackling persistent neurological symptoms in patients following acute COVID-19 infection: an update of the literature

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 17

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has taught myriad lessons and left several questions we are yet to comprehend. Initially, the scientific community was concerned with management of acute disease immunization. Once peak receded, it became clear that a proportion patients were far from fully recovered. Researchers started recognize those persisting symptoms as new entity termed 'Long COVID,' where neurological evident have major impact on quality life.

Язык: Английский

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Multiple physical symptoms and coping strategies over the last decade – Knowledge from two Danish population-based cross-sectional studies in 2012 and 2022

Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 184, С. 111832 - 111832

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

To compare the prevalence of multiple physical symptoms, coping scores, and associations between symptoms in two population-based surveys within a 10-year interval. A nationwide study on healthcare-seeking, Danish Symptom Cohort, was carried out 2012 repeated 2022. For each survey, 100,000 randomly selected individuals were invited, aged 20–64 years eligible for inclusion. Multiple identified using 25-item Bodily Distress Syndrome checklist, assessed with Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire. Statistical analyses included multinomial logistic regressions. total 35,877 18,330 Overall, 35.1% reported 2022 compared 23.8% 2012. The mean sum score approach lower than statistically significant difference −1.27 (Cohen's d = −0.34), while diversion resignation scores significantly higher differences 0.34 0.11) 0.52 0.17), respectively. Regression showed that associated an increased probability having 2022, thereby confirming results from Over decade, symptom reporting may have strategies changed towards slightly use avoidance approach. It seems relevant to identify modifiable contributing factors society prevent acceleration avoidant behavior.

Язык: Английский

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