Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N1 infection in two European grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) with encephalitis

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2)

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2023

Recent reports documenting sporadic infections in carnivorous mammals worldwide with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b have raised concerns about the potential risk of adaptation to sustained transmission mammals, including humans. We report infection two grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from coastal waters The Netherlands and Germany December 2022 February 2023, respectively. Histological immunohistochemical investigations showed both animals a non-suppurative necrotising encephalitis viral antigen restricted neuroparenchyma. Whole genome sequencing presence HPAIV strains brain tissue, which were closely related sympatric viruses. Viral RNA was also detected lung seal by real-time quantitative PCR. No other organs tested positive. mammalian PB2-E627K mutation identified approximately 40% population present tissue German seal. Retrospective screening for nucleoprotein-specific antibodies, sera collected 251 sampled this region 2020 did not show evidence A virus-specific antibodies. Similarly, reverse transcription PCR tissues 101 that had died along Dutch coast period 2020–2021, infection. Collectively, these results indicate individual are sporadically infected HPAIV-H5N1 2.3.4.4b, resulting an absence systemic infection, no thus far onward spread between seals.

Язык: Английский

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High number of HPAI H5 virus infections and antibodies in wild carnivores in the Netherlands, 2020–2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2)

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2023

In October 2020, a new lineage of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI virus the H5 subtype emerged in Europe, resulting largest global outbreak to date, with unprecedented mortality wild birds and poultry. The appears have become enzootic birds, continuously yielding novel variants. recently increased abundance infected worldwide increases probability bird-mammal contact, particularly carnivores. Here, we performed molecular serological screening over 500 dead carnivores sequencing RNA positive materials. We show virological evidence for infection 0.8%, 1.4%, 9.9% animals tested 2021, 2022 respectively, highest proportion positives foxes, polecats stone martens. obtained near full genomes 7 viruses detected PB2 amino acid substitutions known play role mammalian adaptation three sequences. Infections were also found without neurological signs or mortality. Serological was 20% study population. These findings suggests that high is but undetected current surveillance programmes. recommend susceptible mammals, irrespective encephalitis.

Язык: Английский

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Pigs are highly susceptible to but do not transmit mink-derived highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

Rapid evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is driven by antigenic drift but also reassortment, which might result in robust replication and transmission to mammals. Recently, spillover clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV mammals including humans, their between mammal species has been reported. This study aimed evaluate the pathogenicity transmissibility a mink-derived H5N1 isolate from Spain pigs. Experimental infection caused interstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis high titers virus present lower respiratory tract 100% seroconversion. Infected pigs shed limited amount virus, importantly, there was no contact Notably, critical mammalian-like mutations such as PB2-E627K HA-Q222L emerged at low frequencies principal-infected It concluded that are susceptible provide favorable environment for acquire adaptations.

Язык: Английский

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Avian Influenza outbreaks: Human infection risks for beach users - One health concern and environmental surveillance implications

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 943, С. 173692 - 173692

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Despite its popularity for water activities, such as swimming, surfing, fishing, and rafting, inland coastal bathing areas occasionally experience outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), including A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b. Asymptomatic infections symptomatic often impact many aquatic birds, which increase chances spill-over events to mammals pose concerns public health. This review examined the existing literature assess (AIV) transmission risks beachgoers general population. A comprehensive understanding factors governing crossing AIV host range is currently lacking. There limited knowledge on key affecting risk, species-specific interactions with cells (including binding, entry, replication via viral proteins hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, polymerase basic protein 2), overcoming restrictions, innate immune response. efficiently transmits between birds some extent marine scavenger in environments consumption infected birds. However, current lacks evidence zoonotic contact environment or contaminated water. The risk circulating 2.3.4.4b population low. Nevertheless, it recommended avoid direct sick dead refrain from locations where mass bird mortalities are reported. Increasing reports AIVs spilling over non-human have raised valid about possible mutations that lead species barrier subsequent human outbreaks.

Язык: Английский

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The Haemagglutinin Gene of Bovine-Origin H5N1 Influenza Viruses Currently Retains Receptor-binding and pH-fusion Characteristics of Avian Host Phenotype

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused a panzootic affecting all continents except Australia, expanding its host range to several mammalian species. In March 2024, HPAIV was first detected in dairy cattle and goats the United States. Over 891 farms across 16 states have tested positive until 25th December with zoonotic infections reported among workers. This raises concerns about undergoing evolutionary changes that could enhance potential. The Influenza glycoprotein haemagglutinin (HA) facilitates entry into cells through receptor binding pH-induced fusion cellular membranes. Adaptive HA modulate virus-host cell interactions. study compared genes of goat viruses dominant avian-origin clade Kingdom, focusing on binding, pH fusion, thermostability. All showed exclusively avian-like receptors, 5.9, outside associated efficient human airborne transmissibility (pH 5.0 5.5). We further investigated impact emerging substitutions seen ongoing outbreaks, but saw little phenotypic difference, continued exclusive analogues pHs above 5.8. suggests from outbreaks do not pose an enhanced threat circulating viruses. However, given rapid evolution H5 viruses, continuous monitoring updated risk assessments remain essential understanding pandemic risks.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from cats in South Korea, 2023

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Incursion of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus, Brazil, 2023

Emerging infectious diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

We report 4 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4.b viruses in samples collected during June 2023 from Royal terns and Cabot's Brazil. Phylodynamic analysis revealed viral movement Peru to Brazil, indicating a concerning spread of this along the Atlantic Americas migratory bird flyway.

Язык: Английский

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Bovine Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Stability and Inactivation in the Milk Byproduct Lactose

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(9), С. 1451 - 1451

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024

The recent incursion of highly pathogenic influenza viruses into dairy cattle opens new insights for virus ecology and its interspecies transmission may have a significant impact on public health agriculture. aim this study was to determine the stability bovine avian H5N1 isolate in milk byproduct lactose evaluate two inactivation methods using industrial procedures. stable 14 days concentrated solution under refrigerated conditions. Heat or citric acid treatments successfully inactivated lactose. This highlights persistence HPAIV efficient standards.

Язык: Английский

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A mitochondria targeted hydrogen peroxide fluorescent probe for monitoring oxidative stress during influenza virus infection

Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 334, С. 125929 - 125929

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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An overview of avian influenza surveillance strategies and modes

Science in One Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2, С. 100043 - 100043

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The global epidemic of avian influenza has imposed a substantial disease burden, inciting societal panic and economic losses. high variability associated uncertainty the virus present significant challenges in its prevention control. As pivotal strategy for mitigation influenza, surveillance network shown considerable growth at both regional levels. This includes expansion coverage, continuous refinement monitoring content scope, rapid enhancement quality. Although ultimate goal remains uniform, strategies models vary, reflecting or national differences system frameworks their implementation. review collates examines features experiences global, regional, efforts. Furthermore, it delves into modalities light "One Health" concept, which establishment interdisciplinary cross-sectoral coordination cooperation among medical, veterinary, public health institutions, sharing information timely alerts.

Язык: Английский

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