Pinnipeds and avian influenza: a global timeline and review of research on the impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza on pinniped populations with particular reference to the endangered Caspian seal (Pusa caspica)

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024

This study reviews chronologically the international scientific and health management literature resources relating to impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses on pinnipeds in order reinforce strategies for conservation endangered Caspian seal (

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenicity in Chickens and Turkeys of a 2021 United States H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Wild Bird Virus Compared to Two Previous H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(11), С. 2273 - 2273

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2023

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5 the Gs/GD/96 lineage remain a major threat to poultry due endemicity in wild birds. H5N1 HPAIVs from this were detected 2021 United States (U.S.) and since then have infected many domestic We evaluated pathobiology an early U.S. HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b, 2021) two H5N8 previous outbreaks 2.3.4.4c, 2014) Europe 2016) chickens turkeys. Differences clinical signs, mean death times (MDTs), virus transmissibility found between The bird infective dose (BID50) was approximately 2.6 log10 50% embryo (EID50) 2.2 EID50 turkeys, transmitted contact-exposed turkeys but not chickens. BID50 for 2016 also slightly different (4.2 4.7 EID50, respectively); however, 2014 higher than (3.9 ~0.9 respectively). With all viruses, took longer die (MDTs 2.6–8.2 days 1–4 chickens), which increased shedding period facilitated transmission contacts.

Язык: Английский

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New Patterns for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Adjustment of Prevention, Control and Surveillance Strategies: The Example of France

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1), С. 101 - 101

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

From 2020 up to summer 2023, there was a substantial change in the situation concerning high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus Europe. This concerned mainly circulation within wildlife, both wild birds and mammals. It involved seasonality of HPAI detections, species affected, excess mortality events, apparent increased level contamination birds. The knock-on effect new impacts challenges for poultry sector, which is affected by repeated annual waves arriving with migratory risks due viral resident across year. Indeed, exceeding expectations, sectors production areas have been during recent seasons France. strains also generate considerable concern about human health because enhanced barrier crossing. In this article, we present these changes detail, along required adjustment prevention, control, surveillance strategies, focusing specifically on

Язык: Английский

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Enzootic Circulation, Massive Gull Mortality and Poultry Outbreaks during the 2022/2023 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H5N1 Season in the Czech Republic

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 221 - 221

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

In 2022/2023, Europe experienced its third consecutive season of high-pathogenicity avian influenza. During this period, the Czech Republic was again severely affected. For first time, number culled birds approached one million, which three times higher than in previous seasons. parallel to outbreaks poultry, mass die-offs gulls were also observed. present study, we performed whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis 137 H5N1 strains collected 2022/2023 (94.6% all or locations). The revealed four distinct genotypes: AB, CH, BB AF. Phylogenetic suggested that AF genotype persisted from without reassortment. addition, BB, detected mainly gulls, showed a noticeable strain diversity at local level. This virus responsible for single outbreak commercially bred turkeys. Finally, an interesting spatio-temporal cluster with co-circulating genotypes, CH AF, identified no evidence intrasubtype Highly sensitive molecular surveillance timely sharing genomic sequences associated metadata could greatly assist tracking spread detecting changes increased virulence potentially zoonotic pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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Phylodynamics of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from outbreaks in Brazil

Virus Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 347, С. 199415 - 199415

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Our study identified strains of the A/H5N1 virus in analyzed samples subsistence poultry, wild birds, and mammals, belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.2, with very high genetic similarity from Chile, Uruguay, Argentina. This suggests a migratory route for birds across Pacific, explaining phylogenetic relatedness. The Brazilian displayed that had already been previously detected South America. Phylogeographic analysis transmission US viruses Europe Asia, co-circulating other lineages American continent. As mutations can influence virulence host specificity, genomic surveillance is essential detect those changes, especially critical regions, such as hot spots HA, NA, PB2 sequences. Mutations gene (D701N Q591K) associated adaptation mammals were suggesting potential zoonotic risk. Nonetheless, resistance neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) was not identified, however, continued crucial resistance. also mapped spread Southern hemisphere, identifying possible entry routes highlighting importance prevent outbreaks protect both human animal populations.

Язык: Английский

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