Biodiesel Production from Animal Fats Using Blast Furnace Geopolymer Heterogeneous Catalyst: Optimisation and Kinetic Study
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
Abstract
Biodiesel
is
a
sustainable
fuel
alternative
that
typically
produced
through
transesterification
process
primarily
employs
homogeneous
catalysts.
However,
they
generate
significant
amounts
of
wastewater
and
are
often
non-\recyclable.
This
study
aims
to
investigate
the
application
heterogeneous
blast
furnace
slag
geopolymer
catalyst
for
biodiesel
production
from
animal
fat.
Central
composite
design
was
employed
optimise
process,
considering
four
key
variables:
methanol-to-oil
ratio
(20–50
wt.%),
reaction
time
(3–7
h),
temperature
(30–70
°C)
catalyst-to-oil
(3–15
wt.%).
The
characterised
using
Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy,
scanning
electron
microscopy,
X-ray
diffraction.
These
analyses
confirmed
geopolymerisation
revealed
no
modifications
structure
following
reaction.
RSM
optimisation
resulted
in
97.436%
yield,
which
achieved
at
constant
stirring
rate
450
RPM,
6.254
h,
9.996
wt.%,
methanol-to-animal
fat
33.435
50.509
°C,
experimentally
validated.
followed
pseudo-first-order
kinetics,
with
an
activation
energy
43.76
kJ/mol.
findings
demonstrate
potential
as
low-cost
feedstock
catalysed
by
geopolymer,
offering
more
environmentally
friendly
traditional
Язык: Английский
Role of Plant derived-medicine for controlling Cancer
International Journal of Science and Research Archive,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(1), С. 2502 - 2539
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024
This
review
paper
has
highlighted
a
list
of
plants
containing
active
phytochemicals
with
anticancer
potential,
as
well
data
supporting
their
use
in
cancer
therapy,
animal
models,
and
pharmacological
properties.
Cancer
is
among
the
leading
causes
morbidity
mortality
worldwide.
disease
characterized
by
abnormal
cell
division
proliferation
that
result
from
disruption
molecular
signals
control
these
processes.
abnormal,
uncontrolled
cells
body.
The
when
malignant,
invade
various
parts
body
through
bloodstream.
spread
its
or
tissue
origin
to
another
healthy
part
tissues
organs
called
metastasis.
Some
regular
characteristics
cancers
are
apoptosis,
angiogenesis,
multiple
replication,
growth
signal
production,
insensitivity
anti-growth
These
features
make
have
continuous
growth,
long
time
survival
potential
normal
cells.
Moreover,
if
activities
not
blocked,
will
continue
increase,
overwhelm
finally
kill
patient
cancer.
Oncology
study
An
oncologist
doctor
who
treats
provides
medical
care
for
person
diagnosed
may
also
be
specialist.
Today,
despite
considerable
efforts,
still
remains
an
aggressive
killer
success
rate
therapies
diminished
toxicities,
drug
resistance,
recurrence
treatment
failure.
A
significant
challenge
associated
much
art
it
science.
Therefore,
there
constant
demand
develop
new,
effective,
affordable
drugs.
Several
factors,
such
environmental
habitual
activities,
genetic
etc.,
responsible
Many
patients
seek
alternative
and/or
complementary
treatments
because
high
death
linked
adverse
side
effects
chemotherapy,
radiation
immunotherapy,
surgery,
stem
therapy.
Medicinal
could
possess
effective
compounds
used
adjuvants
existing
chemotherapy
improve
efficacy
reduce
drug-induced
toxicity;
chemotherapy-induced
nausea
vomiting
patients’
quality
life.
Cell
caused
whole
plant
extracts
via
apoptosis.
However,
majority
been
researched
prevention
rather
than
treatment,
resulting
low
uptake
practice.
Prevention
certainly
attractive
management
strategy.
Thus
might
possible
process
carcinogenesis
along
lifestyle.
Язык: Английский
Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) food borne outbreak: Detection methods and controlling measures
Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(1), С. 052 - 085
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024
Food-borne
illnesses
and
diseases
are
major
threats
to
human
health.
Common
food
borne
pathogens
include
bacteria
such
as
Escherichia
coli
Serogroup
(O157),
Bacillus
cereus,
Clostridium
botulinum,
Campylobacter
sp.,
C.
perfringens,
some
Listeria
monocytogenes,
Salmonella
spp.,
Shigella
Staphylococcus
aureus,
Vibrio
spp.
etc.
Pathogenic
E.
infection
usually
causes
severe
diarrhea.
is
the
most
common
cause
of
acute
urinary
tract
infections
well
sepsis.
Diarrheagenic
pathotypes
can
be
passed
in
feces
humans
other
animals.
Safeguarding
public
health
during
mass
gatherings
a
big
challenge.
Despite
recent
advances
preservation
techniques
safety,
significant
disease
outbreaks
linked
bacteria,
fungi,
viruses
still
occur
worldwide
indicating
that
these
constitute
risks
However,
at
present
conventional
method
for
detection
requires
several
days,
especially
cases
where
concentrations
low.
Enrichment
commonly
used
bacterial
isolation
increase
cell
counts
target
bacteria.
traditional
culturing
also
slow
laborious
process
requiring
series
steps
may
require
use
adjunct
methods
(e.g.
biochemical,
serological,
nucleic
acid-based
conclusive
identification)
take
up
week
The
culture-based
approaches
coupled
with
PCR,
immunoassays,
bacteriophages,
NGS,
Biosensors,
MALDI
TOF
MS
increasingly
being
identification
pathogens.
Nucleic
Real-Time
PCR
vPCR
combined
sequencing
more
widely
than
immunoassay
NGS-based
pathogen
detection.
Nanobiotechnology
latest
approach
Bacteriophages
one
unique
biological
entity
showed
excellent
host
selectivity
have
been
actively
recognition
probes
Antibiotics
efficient,
powerful,
treatment
against
pathogenic
coli.
Other
ways
treat
or
prevent
contamination,
probiotics,
antimicrobial
nanoparticles,
radiation
had
reported.
Язык: Английский
Biodiesel production: An updated review of evidence
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
6(2), С. 110 - 133
Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023
This
review
paper
highlights
the
production
of
biodiesel
from
different
plant
based
feedstocks
via
transesterification
process.
Biodiesel
is
a
renewable,
non-toxic,
environment-friendly
and
an
economically
feasible
option
to
tackle
depleting
fossil
fuels
its
negative
environmental
impact.
in
general
possess
higher
kinematic
viscosity
density
than
conventional
diesel.
However,
because
food
security
concerns,
use
edible
oil
criticized
globally.
Non-edible
oils,
waste
cooking
industry
byproducts
are
suggested
as
effective
nonedible
feedstock
does
not
compete
with
human
consumption.
High-potential
second-generation
for
uses
waist
oil,
acid
animal
tallow.
Non
crops
India
yellow
oleander
(Cascabela
thevetia),
Pongamia
(Pongamia
pinnata),
Jatropha
curcas,
Mahua
(Madhuca
longifolia),
Candlenut
(Aleurites
moluccanus),
Rubber
(Hevea
brasiliensis),
Soapnut
(Sapindus
mukorossi),
Jojoba
(Simmondsia
chinensis),
Tobacco
(Nicotiana
tabacum),
Neem
(Azadirachta
indica),
Karanja
(Millettia
Castor
(Ricinus
communis),
Polanga
(Calophyllum
inophyllum
L),
Cotton
(Gossypium),
Kusum
(Carthamus
tinctorius),
Yellow
Sea
mango
(Cerbera
odollam),
Tung
(Vernicia
fordii),
Bottle
tree
(Brachychiton
rupestris).
sustainable
liquid
bio-energy
resource
that
might
be
used
replace
diesel
fuel.
Despite
having
numerous
advantages
over
diesel,
still
struggling
various
reasons
challenges
like
availability,
high
pricing,
operational
hurdles,
supply-chain
management
challenges.
Язык: Английский
Cannabis sativa: Cervical cancer treatment- Role of phytocannabinoids-A story of concern
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(2), С. 253 - 296
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024
This
litrature
review
paper
highlights
the
role
of
phytocannabinoids
in
controlling
cervical
cancer.
Cervical
cancer
is
one
leading
causes
death
among
females
worldwide.
(CC)
a
malignant
form
tumor
which
originates
cervix.
cancer,
develops
woman’s
cervix,
second-most
common
women
India
The
causative
agent
persistent
infection
with
high-risk
subtypes
Human
Papillomavirus
(HPV)
and
E5,
E6
E7
viral
onco-proteins
cooperate
host
factors
to
induce
maintain
phenotype.
papillomavirus
responsible
for
subclinical/clinical
lesions
HPV
types
16
18
are
most
identified
invasive
Currently,
recommended
therapeutic
regimens
include
chemotherapy,
radiation
therapy
either
alone
or
combination
surgical
interventions.
However,
they
present
several
limitations
including
side
effects
ineffectiveness.
Medicinal
plants
Cannabis
sativa
have
been
used
decades
health
benefits
treat
different
diseases
has
thousands
years
recreational,
medicinal,
religious
purposes.
Phytocannabinoids
cannabinoids
that
occur
naturally
cannabis
plant.
two
well
known
their
properties
are,
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
Cannabidiol
(CBD).
hold
big
promise
therapy.
there
need
understand
more
about
Endocannabinoid
system
(ECS)
normal
human
physiology
transformations.
Molecular
mechanisms
regulation
anticancer
also
be
clarified.
treatment
durations
existing
trials
concern.
Future
epidemiological
clinical
studies
required
further
assess
herbal
medicines
prevention
In
addition,
preclinical
trial
evaluations
not
specifically
conducted,
so
investigations
related
this
warranted.
Therefore,
immunization
programme
best
ideal
solution
eradication
Язык: Английский
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Signalling pathways-Role of plant-based inhibitors
Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(2), С. 028 - 071
Опубликована: Март 23, 2024
This
review
paper
highlights
and
updates
the
role
of
plant
based
inhibitors
in
controlling
triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC)
via
blocking
TNBC
signalling
pathways.
Breast
is
most
common
women.
There
are
several
identified
types,
among
which
fatal
for
patients.
Conventionally,
defined
by
lack
estrogen
receptor
(ER),
progesterone
(PR),
human
epidermal
2
(HER2)
cells.
It
well-known
its
metastatic,
aggressive
characteristics
poor
outcome
clinic.
Till
today,
treatment
patients
still
a
challenging
task
due
to
absence
appropriate
targets
drugs.
Despite
successes
emerging
targeted
therapies,
relapse,
recurrence,
therapy
failure
rates
significantly
outpace
other
subtypes
cancer.
Mounting
evidence
suggests
an
accumulation
resistant,
Cancer
Stem
Cell
(CSC)
populations
within
TNBCs
contributes
clinical
outcomes.
These
Cells
enriched
compared
non-TNBC
cancers.
Approximately
60%
drugs
currently
used
have
been
isolated
from
natural
products.
Natural
products
treasure
house
development
novel
anticancer
Many
plant-derived
compounds
anti-cancer
properties,
including
berberine
quercetin,
formononetin,
calycosin,
polyphenols,
bioflavonoids,
carotene,
vitamins,
andminerals.
compounds,
vinka
alkaloids,
vinblastine
vincristine,
luteolin,
α-mangostin,
piperine,
silibinin,
apigenin,
fisetin,
resveratrol,
genistein,
10-gingerol,
chalcones,
curcumin,
epigallocatechin
gallate,
cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,
glycyrrhizin,
shown
especially
TNBCs.
Therefore,
more
trial
data
warranted
further
evaluation
extracts
Язык: Английский
Production and Optimization Study of Biodiesel Produced from Non-edible Seed Oil
Science and Technology for Energy Transition,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
79, С. 38 - 38
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
fuel
demand
is
increasing
globally.
Conventional
toxic
and
causes
global
warming
pollution.
Therefore,
biodiesel
being
used
as
an
alternative
to
petroleum
because
it
non-toxic
can
be
renewable.
Nowadays,
the
non-edible
feedstock
gaining
more
attention
for
production
of
grow
anywhere
on
land,
has
low
cost,
does
not
cause
imbalance
in
food
economy.
This
study
deals
with
optimization
from
Ricinus
communis
oil
using
sodium
hydroxide
(NaOH)
potassium
(KOH)
solid
base
catalysts.
free
fatty
acid
content
(22.14%
mg
KOH/g)
castor
calculated
before
transesterification
indicated
that
pretreatment
raw
was
required
synthesis.
esterification
process
reduce
22.14%
0.84%.
After
that,
a
catalyst
(NaOH
KOH).
four
different
parameter
reactions
(
i.e.
Ratio
(alcohol
oil),
Time,
Temperature,
amount)
were
optimize
yield
production.
Firstly,
NaOH
done
by
making
changes
all
parameters
get
maximum
yield.
same
procedure
KOH
catalyst.
obtained
94.6%
96.2%
respectively.
In
future,
initiatives
develop
market,
policy
support,
certification
plans
sustainability
play
vital
role
innovative
advancement,
market
trust,
attracting
investment
biodiesel.
These
efforts
enable
renewable
energy
source
advancing
low-carbon
sustainable
future.
Язык: Английский
Quantification of THC levels in different varieties of Cannabis sativa
International Journal of Science and Research Archive,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
10(2), С. 860 - 873
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023
This
literature
review
paper
highlights
and
updates
the
THC
quantification
methods
applied
for
differentiation
of
Cannabis
varieties
final
products
as
a
part
quality
control
measures.
The
method
also
helps
to
differentiate
between
Medical
sativa
(drug
or
marijuana)
Industrial
L.
(Hemp)
since
levels
are
different.
has
been
used
thousands
years
recreational,
medicinal,
religious
purposes
does
not
produce
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC).
Tetrahydrocannabinolic
acid
(THCA)
is
produced
by
cannabis
plant
precursor.
acidic
residue
THCA
undergo
decarboxylation
upon
heating
producing
psychoactive,
Cannabinoid,
A
variety
analytical
techniques
have
developed
qualification
Cannabinoids
other
compounds
in
plant.
most
common
cannabinoid
include
color
tests,
testing
gadgets,
direct
ELISA
Kit,
thin
layer
chromatography
(TLC),
gas
(GC)
high
performance
liquid
(HPLC)
followed
Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy
(FTIR)
Nuclear
magnetic
resonance
spectrometry
(NMR).
lack
accurate
reporting
potency
can
impacts
on
medical
patients
controlling
dosage,
recreational
consumers
expecting
an
effect
aligned
with
price,
trust
industry
whole.
Therefore,
product
plays
important
role
Science
awareness
programme
2
different
names
(marijuana
hemp)
medicine,
food
psychotropic
drug
Язык: Английский
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Cannabis sativa-Role of Phytocannabinoids
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(3), С. 140 - 179
Опубликована: Март 16, 2024
This
review
paper
highlights
the
role
of
phytocannabinoids
in
controlling
triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC).
Triple-negative
(TNBC)
is
a
specific
subtype
that
does
not
express
estrogen
receptor
(ER),
progesterone
(PR),
or
human
epidermal
growth
factor
2
(HER-2),
which
has
clinical
features
include
high
invasiveness,
metastatic
potential,
proneness
to
relapse,
and
poor
prognosis.
TNBC
one
most
aggressive
subtypes
often
associated
with
patient
outcomes
because
development
metastases
secondary
organisms
like
brain,
bone,
lungs.
kind
have
any
receptors
are
commonly
found
cancer.
The
highest
number
cases
been
recorded
India.
Currently,
highly
prevalent
among
Indian
women
develops
approximately
20%
43%
all
patients
an
malignancy
requires
effective
targeted
drug
therapy.
Patients
develop
metastasis
recurrence
over
time
reduced
survival
compared
other
Pre-clinical
studies
demonstrated
exert
important
antitumor
properties
main
subtypes,
particularly
TNBC,
where
different
synthetic
cannabinoids
shown
interesting
therapeutic
actions.
Neither
CBD
nor
THC
universally
efficacious
reducing
cell
viability.
Focusing
on
vitro
studies,
effect
viability
ranges
from
no
effect,
modest
reduction,
significant
cytotoxicity
depending
concentrations,
lines,
conditions,
performed
assays,
exposure.
However,
it
should
also
be
noted
research
into
efficacy,
dosage
safety
tumor
therapy
still
long
way
go,
especially
regard
trials
conducted,
through
alone
benefits
advantages
for
but
possible
risks
can
defined.
Язык: Английский
Producing and Testing the Properties of Biodiesel Sourced from Hemp Oil
Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(23), С. 5950 - 5950
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024
Organic
matter
is
converted
into
a
variety
of
fuels,
including
potential
replacements
for
transport
fuels.
New
sources
raw
materials
are
being
sought
their
acquisition.
One
such
material
that
currently
attracting
growing
degree
attention
hemp.
The
objective
this
study
was
to
produce
biodiesel
from
hemp
oil
ascertain
its
selected
properties
and
compare
them
with
the
obtained
rapeseed
diesel
fuel.
A
reactor
designed
non-industrial,
local
conversion
available
fatty
acid
esters
used
manufacture
biodiesel.
were
evaluated
in
comparison
those
biodiesel,
fuel,
requirements
set
forth
EN
14214
standard,
pertaining
specification
methyl
utilization
compression-ignition
internal
combustion
engines.
kinematic
viscosity
value
yielded
just
below
upper
limit
defined
standard.
Furthermore,
research
has
demonstrated
contains
considerable
proportion
linoleic
linolenic
acids,
which
susceptible
oxidation.
content
ester
produced
clearly
higher
than
oil.
This
contributes
high
iodine
number,
significantly
exceeding
standard
requirements.
remaining
designated
accordance
laid
down
exhibit
similarities
Further
recommended
enhance
characteristics
Язык: Английский