Wastewater-based
epidemiology
(WBE)
has
been
an
important
tool
for
population
surveillance
during
the
COVID-19
pandemic
and
continues
to
play
a
key
role
in
monitoring
SARS-CoV-2
infection
levels
following
reductions
national
clinical
testing
schemes.
Studies
measuring
decay
profiles
of
wastewater
have
underscored
value
WBE,
however
investigations
hampered
by
high
biosafety
requirements
studies.
Therefore,
surrogate
viruses
with
lower
standards
used
studies,
such
as
murine
hepatitis
virus
(MHV),
but
few
studies
directly
compared
rates
both
viruses.
We
persistence
MHV
wastewater,
using
TCID50
RT-qPCR
assays
assess
infectious
titre
viral
gene
markers,
respectively.
Infectious
indicate
similar
endpoints,
observed
early
characteristics
differed,
decaying
more
rapidly
than
MHV,
raising
questions
about
suitability
wastewater.
This
study
further
highlights
importance
ongoing
other
pathogens
sample
preparation
rate
overestimation.
Infection Genetics and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
123, С. 105619 - 105619
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
Human
adenovirus
type
41
(HAdV-F41)
usually
causes
pediatrics
gastroenteritis.
However,
it
was
reported
to
be
associated
with
the
outbreaks
of
severe
acute
hepatitis
unknown
aetiology
(SAHUA)
in
during
COVID-19
pandemic.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
prevalence
enteric
HAdV-F41
37,920
paediatric
gastroenteritis
cases
from
2017
2022
Guangzhou,
China.
All
children
presented
were
tested
negative
for
SARS-CoV-2
"zero-COVID"
period.
The
main
clinical
symptom
diarrhea
(96.5%).
No
fatalities
nor
liver
abnormal
symptoms
found.
2021,
one
year
since
pandemic
COVID-19,
abruptly
increased
3.71%
8.64%
(P
<
0.001).
circulating
worldwide
classified
into
eight
different
subtypes
(G1-G8)
based
on
phylogenetic
clustering
permutation
four
capsid
genes
HAdV-F41.
G3
predominant
subtype
(56.2%;
77/137).
CRV5
isolates
SAHUA
belong
subtype,
which
N312D
and
H335D
mutations
short
fiber
knob
identified
both
Guangzhou
isolates,
presumably
changing
virus
tropism
by
directly
interacting
heparin
sulfate
(HS)
receptor.
Additionally,
a
novel
recombinant
G6
is
unique
only
China
first
study.
This
study
highlighting
viral
evolution
finding
provide
insight
characteristics
infections
as
well
uncertain
role
cause
SAHUA.
Applied Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(3), С. 1016 - 1029
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024
Human
adenovirus
(HAdV)
F40/41
is
an
important
pathogen
in
pediatric
acute
gastroenteritis
cases.
However,
the
diversity
of
study
designs
and
diagnostic
methods
often
leads
to
misinterpretations
their
impact.
Our
explored
genetic
HAdV-F40/41
Brazil
using
a
specific
qPCR
assay
for
HAdV
species
F,
combined
with
phylogenetic
analysis
partial
hexon
fiber
genes.
results
demonstrated
that
HAdV-F41
strains
predominated
exhibited
higher
than
HAdV-F40
strains.
Based
on
gene,
Brazilian
were
grouped
into
two
genome
type
clusters
(GTC),
further
divided
subclusters,
most
clusteringto
GTC2.
The
shaft
region
gene
conservation
among
HAdV-F41.
F
identified
HAdV-F
additional
31.5%
(34/108)
previously
uncharacterized
HAdV-positive
samples
detected
non-specific
assay.
Both
assays
strongly
correlated
detecting
HAdV-F,
enteric
types
can
enhance
surveillance,
especially
when
sequencing
not
possible.
provides
novel
insights
regarding
Brazil.
ABSTRACT
Aim
The
human
adenovirus
(HAdV)
is
beginning
to
spread
rapidly
in
children
through
human,
surface
and
animal
vectors.
Around
12,000
cases
were
recognised
2022
West
Bengal
a
shocking
number
of
arose
throughout
India
other
under‐developed
areas.
This
going
be
big
threat
public
health
since
no
vaccine,
awareness
or
protocol
policies
introduced.
Early
detection,
immediate
isolation
proper
policy
developments
are
the
key
factors
overcoming
situation.
Therefore,
we
performed
this
rapid
review
discussed
probable
mitigation
strategies,
updated
research
on
vaccine
development,
treatment
strategies
control
outbreaks
mutated
HAdV.
Design
narrative
publicly
available
information.
Methods
Here,
extracted
information
data
using
terms
HAdV
outbreaks,
mutations,
species,
risks
prevention
from
Google
Scholar
PubMed.
We
considered
relevant
articles
that
have
ongoing
research,
antiviral
drugs
for
managing
outbreaks.
Results
detection
throat
swabs,
symptomatic
treatments
required
minimise
viral
infections.
A
massive
test
needs
find
affected
people.
should
immediately
isolated.
It
recommended
treat
high‐touch
surfaces
with
heat‐
bleach‐containing
cleaners
prevent
infection.
Oxygen
support
many
broad‐spectrum
antivirals
been
used
Several
studies
showed
antibody
neutralisation
interactions
between
natural
killer
cell
receptor
KIR3DS1
HLA‐F
infected
cells,
indicating
possible
therapeutic
options
future.
HAdV‐4
HAdV‐7
vaccines
limitedly
approved
administration
military
personnel.
Conclusion
Isolation,
certain
safety
measures,
further
new
could
useful
virus
producing
worldwide
pandemic.
Also,
authorities
ensure
interventions
nursing
care
facilities
children.
Patient
Public
Contribution
contribution
was
not
our
work.
Microbial Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(10), С. 1879 - 1887
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2023
Abstract
During
the
COVID‐19
pandemic,
two
further
novel
viral
epidemics
were
described
in
2022,
monkeypox
virus
infections
men
having
sex
with
and
non‐A
to
E
hepatitis
children.
The
latter
occurred
first
half
of
2022
about
1000
cases
worldwide,
necessitating
liver
transplantation
5%
causing
death
2%
patients.
It
took
some
effort
clarify
cause
epidemic.
Researchers
confronted
a
polymicrobial
infection
consisting
an
adenovirus‐associated
type
2
(AAV2)
infection,
co‐occurring
either
human
adenovirus
41
(HAdV41)
or
herpesvirus
infections;
most
prominently
6
(HHV‐6).
AAV‐2,
small
Dependovirus
Parvovirus
family,
needs
these
helper
viruses
for
its
replication.
AAV2
is
used
as
vector
liver‐targeting
gene
therapy
but
was
not
previously
known
acute
hepatitis.
HAdV41
HHV‐6
are
mostly
diarrhoea
febrile
illnesses
associated
skin
rashes
children,
respectively.
Except
few
case
reports
hepatitis,
HAdV
major
pathogens
immunosuppressed
A
potential
role
SARS‐CoV‐2
has
also
been
discussed
popular
hypothesis
involves
indirect
pandemic
this
disease.
Exposure
occurs
nearly
quantitatively
during
year
life.
Social
distancing
measures,
followed
by
lifting
measures
might
have
caused
delayed
exposure
multiple,
normally
benign
childhood
eliciting
dysregulated
immune
response
pathological
effects
cells.
In
fall
when
conditions
longer
met,
numbers
dwindled.
unequilibrated
instead
intrinsic
cytopathic
activity
implicated
supported
enrichment
particular
HLA
allele
over
controls.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023
Abstract
Wastewater
monitoring
for
infectious
disease
targets
is
increasingly
used
to
better
understand
circulation
of
diseases.
The
present
study
validated
hydrolysis-probe
digital
droplet
(reverse-transcriptase
(RT))-PCR
assays
important
enteric
viruses
(rotavirus,
adenovirus
group
F,
norovirus
GI
and
GII,
enteroviruses),
outbreak
or
emerging
(hepatitis
A
West
Nile
virus),
an
drug
resistant
fungal
pathogen
(
Candida
auris
).
We
the
retrospectively
measure
concentrations
in
wastewater
solids.
Viral
nucleic-acid
were
measured
two
solids
samples
per
week
at
treatment
plants
San
Francisco
Bay
Area
California,
USA
26
months.
detected
all
with
exception
virus.
At
both
plants,
human
F
was
highest
concentrations,
followed
by
enteroviruses,
GI,
rotavirus
lowest
concentrations.
Hepatitis
C.
less
consistently
than
aforementioned
viruses.
Enterovirus
D68
a
limited
time
frame
during
fall
2022
sites.
measurements
reported
herein,
some
cases
their
seasonal
trends,
are
consistent
previous
reports
these
wastewater.
These
represent
first
quantitative
solid
fraction
This
lays
foundation
use
detection
specific
programs
aimed
spread
Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Journal,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
5(4), С. 101 - 117
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023
Abstract
Background
Since
October
2021,
multiple
paediatric
cases
of
severe
acute
hepatitis
unknown
aetiology
(SAHUA)
not
caused
by
A–E
viruses
have
been
reported
countries.
As
14
September
2022,
approximately
1296
probable
SAHUA
in
37
countries
and
regions
had
reported.
Objectives
The
purpose
this
study
was
to
present
a
complete
picture
outbreak,
including
its
origin,
current
cases,
clinical
signs,
possible
hypotheses,
potential
treatments.
Methods
A
thorough
search
for
literature
from
2021
2023
performed
the
PubMed
Medline
databases.
Additional
websites,
WHO,
CDC,
ECDC,
UKHSA,
were
searched
further
relevant
data.
Results
Common
symptoms
include
jaundice,
vomiting,
pale
stools,
diarrhoea,
abdominal
pain,
nausea,
whereas
fever
is
infrequent.
Elevated
AST
ALT
are
prevalent,
most
test
positive
adenovirus.
However,
immunohistochemical
staining
on
liver
tissue
often
yields
negative
results
adenovirus,
thus
challenging
hypothesis
that
adenovirus
definitive
cause.
recent
compelling
has
implicated
AAV-2
as
likely
etiologic
agent
involving
abnormal
replication
products
immune-mediated
hepatic
disease.
Evidence
low
immunogenicity,
tropism,
immune
responses
supports
hypothesis.
SARS-CoV-2's
role
also
explored.
Some
SARS-CoV-2
IgG
positivity
even
when
PCR
tests
negative,
thereby
suggesting
silent
prior
infections.
Cidofovir,
suggested
treatment
human
infection
immunocompromised
patients,
decreased
adenoviral
load
two
cases.
Notably,
29
deaths
reported,
55
required
or
received
transplant.
Conclusion
children
presents
complex
challenge
with
involvement
factors.
may
affect
disease
severity—a
possibility
warranting
investigation.
Treatment
options
diagnostics,
supportive
care,
antivirals,
immunosuppression.
Prevention
relies
control
measures,
management
requires
advanced
diagnostics
international
collaboration.
remains
an
enigma,
underscoring
need
continued
research
adaptability
emerging
infectious
threats.
