Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1), С. 16 - 16

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2023

The role of neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been explored. Animal studies have reported positive effects probiotics on these factors. Some clinical also support potential improving cognitive function via gut-brain axis older adults. However, experimental evaluating efficacy targeting factors inflammatory biomarkers, particularly among AD patients, remain very limited. In this randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled trial, we used multi-strain probiotic supplements, including

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome-targeted therapies for Alzheimer’s disease

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023

The advent of high­throughput ‘omics’ technologies has improved our knowledge gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Frequent bidirectional communications mutual regulation exist between the gastrointestinal tract central nervous system through gut-brain axis. A large body research reported close association microbiota AD development, restoring healthy may curb or even improve symptoms progression. Thus, modulation become novel paradigm for clinical management AD, emerging effort focused on developing potential strategies preventing and/or treating disease. In this review, we provide an overview connection causal relationship dysbiosis mechanisms driving progression, successes challenges implementing available microbiome-targeted therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation) preventive therapeutic preclinical intervention studies AD. Finally, discuss future directions field.

Язык: Английский

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Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut–Brain Axis Disorders

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(4), С. 484 - 484

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest preventing therapeutically impacting neuropathologies gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics shown to improve gut bioavailability blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction inflammation linked dysbiosis ultimately onset progression central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response by activating at a low dose Nrf2 pathway resulting upregulation

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 789 - 789

Опубликована: Март 10, 2024

Recent research exploring the relationship between gut and brain suggests that condition of microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics are nutritional supplements functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication gut–brain axis essential for maintaining homeostasis, pre-, pro-, potentially affecting various functions such as attention, perception, memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown incorporating into a healthy diet lead improvements in mood. Maintaining support optimal function, crucial disease prevention our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate benefits older individuals probiotic supplementation but not who good adequate levels physical activity. Additionally, it appears there patients mild impairment Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed seem arise younger healthier individuals. However, important acknowledge individual responses vary, use these dietary should be tailored each individual’s unique health circumstances needs.

Язык: Английский

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The Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus Strains on Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 74 - 74

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Background/Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that the gut–brain axis influences brain function, particularly role of intestinal microbiota in modulating cognitive processes. Probiotics may alter function and behavior by gut microbiota, with implications for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose this review is to systematically current literature exploring effects probiotic supplementation on AD mild impairment (MCI). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception 20 August 2024. focused comparing outcomes between intervention control/placebo groups. Data searches, article selection, data extraction, risk bias assessment were performed accordance Cochrane guidelines. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no: CRD42023446796. Results: four RCTs involving 293 Individuals (AD MCI patients) receiving mainly Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium strains showed some beneficial altered composition, positively affected metabolic biomarkers. However, variability studies limits interpretation results. limited number quality existing make it difficult draw definitive conclusions data. Additional high-quality research clearly needed. Conclusions: show promise as an adjunctive decline, but larger, long-term are needed confirm their efficacy clinical applicability AD.

Язык: Английский

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Randomised controlled trials for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: A systematic review

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 82, С. 101777 - 101777

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The brain-gut-microbiota interplay in depression: A key to design innovative therapeutic approaches

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 192, С. 106799 - 106799

Опубликована: Май 19, 2023

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) emerging as a key regulator of central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune metabolic functions. In turn, brain influences intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within so-called microbiota-brain axis. balance this bidirectional crosstalk important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve integrity blood-brain barrier avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis permeability negatively affect development, behavior, cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes GM depressed patients reported influence pharmacokinetics common antidepressants affecting their absorption, metabolism, activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape turn an impact on efficacy toxicity pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing correct homeostatic (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, dietary interventions) represent innovative approach improve pharmacotherapy depression. Among these, probiotics Mediterranean diet, alone or combination standard care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, disclosure intricate network between depression will give precious insights diagnostic therapeutic approaches towards depression, profound implications drug development practice.

Язык: Английский

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Connecting the Gut Microbiota and Neurodegenerative Diseases: the Role of Bile Acids

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 60(8), С. 4618 - 4640

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in subjects with cognitive impairments: a cross-sectional study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Gut-brain axis might play an important role in cognitive impairments by various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD).To investigate the differences gut microbial composition, intestinal barrier function, and systemic inflammation patients with AD or mild impairment (MCI), normal control (NC) cases.A total of 118 subjects (45 AD, 38 MCI, 35 NC) were recruited. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Assessment Scale (MoCA). Functional ability Activity Daily Living (ADL). The composition microbiome examined 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Phylogenetic Investigation Communities Reconstruction Unobserved States (PICRUSt) used to predict functional transfer microbiota. Gut dysfunction evaluated measuring levels diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid (DA), endotoxin (ET). serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level indicate inflammation.Compared controls, (AD MCI) had lower abundance Dorea higher DAO, DA, ET. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) results showed that pathways related glycan biosynthesis metabolism increased MCI patients, while ones membrane transport decreased. Bacteroides Faecalibacterium negatively correlated content ET, positively scores MMSE MoCA. hs-CRP similar among three groups. A significant negative correlation observed between severity function.Cognitive be associated dysbiosis dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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