Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 74(3), С. 229 - 263

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Abstract This article presents global cancer statistics by world region for the year 2022 based on updated estimates from International Agency Research Cancer (IARC). There were close to 20 million new cases of in (including nonmelanoma skin cancers [NMSCs]) alongside 9.7 deaths NMSC). The suggest that approximately one five men or women develop a lifetime, whereas around nine and 12 die it. Lung was most frequently diagnosed 2022, responsible almost 2.5 cases, eight worldwide (12.4% all globally), followed female breast (11.6%), colorectum (9.6%), prostate (7.3%), stomach (4.9%). also leading cause death, with an estimated 1.8 (18.7%), colorectal (9.3%), liver (7.8%), (6.9%), (6.8%) cancers. Breast lung frequent men, respectively (both deaths). Incidence rates NMSC) varied four‐fold five‐fold across regions, over 500 Australia/New Zealand (507.9 per 100,000) under 100 Western Africa (97.1 among 400 (410.5 South‐Central Asia (103.3 women. authors examine geographic variability regions 10 types, discussing recent trends, underlying determinants, prospects prevention control. With demographics‐based predictions indicating number will reach 35 2050, investments prevention, including targeting key risk factors smoking, overweight obesity, infection), could avert millions future diagnoses save many lives worldwide, bringing huge economic as well societal dividends countries forthcoming decades.

Язык: Английский

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Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 618(7963), С. 144 - 150

Опубликована: Май 10, 2023

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lethal in 88% of patients 1 , yet harbours mutation-derived T cell neoantigens that are suitable for vaccines 2,3 . Here a phase I trial adjuvant autogene cevumeran, an individualized neoantigen vaccine based on uridine mRNA–lipoplex nanoparticles, we synthesized mRNA real time from surgically resected PDAC tumours. After surgery, sequentially administered atezolizumab (an anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy), cevumeran (a maximum 20 per patient) and modified version four-drug chemotherapy regimen (mFOLFIRINOX, comprising folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan oxaliplatin). The end points included vaccine-induced neoantigen-specific cells by high-threshold assays, 18-month recurrence-free survival oncologic feasibility. We treated 16 with then 15 mFOLFIRINOX. Autogene was within 3 days benchmarked times, tolerable induced de novo high-magnitude 8 out patients, half targeting more than one neoantigen. Using new mathematical strategy to track clones (CloneTrack) functional found vaccine-expanded comprised up 10% all blood cells, re-expanded booster long-lived polyfunctional effector CD8 + cells. At median follow-up, (responders) had longer (not reached) compared without (non-responders; 13.4 months, P = 0.003). Differences the immune fitness did not confound this correlation, as responders non-responders mounted equivalent immunity concurrent unrelated against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, atezolizumab, mFOLFIRINOX induces substantial activity may correlate delayed recurrence.

Язык: Английский

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CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2016—2020

Neuro-Oncology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(Supplement_4), С. iv1 - iv99

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

Abstract The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Cancer Institute, is largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain other central nervous system (CNS) tumors (US) represents entire US population. This report contains most up-to-date data available supersedes all previous CBTRUS reports terms completeness accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using 2000 standard population presented per 100,000 average annual incidence rate (AAAIR) malignant non-malignant CNS was 24.83 (malignant AAAIR=6.94 AAAIR=17.88). overall higher females compared to males (27.85 versus 21.62 100,000) non-Hispanic persons Hispanic (25.24 22.61 100,000). Gliomas accounted 26.3% tumors. commonly occurring histopathology glioblastoma (14.2% 50.9% tumors), common predominantly meningioma (40.8% 56.2% tumors). Glioblastomas were more males, meningiomas females. In children adolescents (ages 0-19 years), 6.13 There 86,030 deaths attributed between 2016 2020. an mortality 4.42 17,206 year. five-year relative survival following diagnosis a tumor 35.7%, 91.8%.

Язык: Английский

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Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges

Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186(8), С. 1729 - 1754

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers. Significant efforts have largely defined major genetic factors driving PDAC pathogenesis and progression. tumors are characterized by a complex microenvironment that orchestrates metabolic alterations supports milieu interactions among various cell types within this niche. In review, we highlight foundational studies driven our understanding these processes. We further discuss recent technological advances continue to expand complexity. posit clinical translation research endeavors will enhance currently dismal survival rate recalcitrant disease.

Язык: Английский

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NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

Abstract NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have that its role can be expanded to variety of mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process signaling, summarize composition, activation, regulatory mechanism signaling. We investigate interaction other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, TLR The physiological pathological states well intricate involvement inflammation, immune regulation, tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, illustrate how is involved cancers, autoimmune cardiovascular metabolic neurological COVID-19. Further, discuss therapeutic approaches targeting IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome nuclear translocation DNA binding TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, CAR-T. Finally, provide an outlook field hope present stereoscopic, comprehensive will inform future clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Endometrial Cancer

New England Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 388(23), С. 2159 - 2170

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Standard first-line chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is paclitaxel plus carboplatin. The benefit of adding pembrolizumab to remains unclear. Download a PDF the Research Summary. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 3 trial, we assigned 816 patients with measurable disease (stage III or IVA) stage IVB recurrent in 1:1 ratio receive placebo along combination therapy administration was planned 6 cycles every weeks, followed by up 14 maintenance weeks. were stratified into two cohorts according whether they had mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) repair–proficient (pMMR) disease. Previous adjuvant permitted if treatment-free interval at least 12 months. primary outcome progression-free survival cohorts. Interim analyses scheduled be triggered after occurrence 84 events death progression dMMR cohort and 196 pMMR cohort. 12-month analysis, Kaplan–Meier estimates 74% group 38% (hazard death, 0.30; 95% confidence [CI], 0.19 0.48; P<0.001), 70% difference relative risk. cohort, median 13.1 months 8.7 ratio, 0.54; CI, 0.41 0.71; P<0.001). Adverse as expected chemotherapy. advanced cancer, addition standard resulted significantly longer than alone. (Funded National Cancer Institute others; NRG-GY018 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03914612.) QUICK TAKE VIDEO SUMMARYPembrolizumab Advanced Endometrial 02:16

Язык: Английский

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Talazoparib plus enzalutamide in men with first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TALAPRO-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 402(10398), С. 291 - 303

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Cuproptosis Induced by ROS Responsive Nanoparticles with Elesclomol and Copper Combined with αPD‐L1 for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(22)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

Cuproptosis is a new cell death that depends on copper (Cu) ionophores to transport Cu into cancer cells, which induces death. However, existing are small molecules with short blood half-life making it hard enough cells. Herein, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive polymer (PHPM) designed, used co-encapsulate elesclomol (ES) and form nanoparticles (NP@ESCu). After entering ES Cu, triggered by excessive intracellular ROS, readily released. work in concerted way not only kill cells cuproptosis, but also induce immune responses. In vitro, the ability of NP@ESCu efficiently cuproptosis investigated. addition, change transcriptomes treated explored RNA-Seq. vivo, found mice model subcutaneous bladder cancer, reprograming tumor microenvironment. Additionally, further combined anti-programmed protein ligand-1 antibody (αPD-L1). This study provides first report combining nanomedicine can αPD-L1 for enhanced therapy, thereby providing novel strategy future therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2023

Abstract Background Cancer is the most prevalent cause of death globally, and radiotherapy considered standard care for solid tumors, including lung, breast, esophageal, colorectal cancers glioblastoma. Resistance to radiation can lead local treatment failure even cancer recurrence. Main body In this review, we have extensively discussed several crucial aspects that resistance therapy, radiation-induced DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis escape, abundance stem cells, modification cells their microenvironment, presence exosomal non-coding RNA, metabolic reprogramming, ferroptosis. We aim focus on molecular mechanisms in relation these discuss possible targets improve outcomes. Conclusions Studying responsible its interactions with tumor environment will help responses radiotherapy. Our review provides a foundation identify overcome obstacles effective

Язык: Английский

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Lung cancer statistics, 2023

Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 130(8), С. 1330 - 1348

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024

Abstract Despite decades of declining mortality rates, lung cancer remains the leading cause death in United States. This article examines incidence, stage at diagnosis, survival, and using population‐based data from National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control Prevention, North American Association Central Registries. Over past 5 years, declines became considerably greater than incidence among men (5.0% vs. 2.6% annually) women (4.3% 1.1% annually), reflecting absolute gains 2‐year relative survival 1.4% annually. Improved outcomes likely reflect advances treatment, increased access to care through Patient Protection Affordable Care Act, earlier diagnosis; example, compared with a 4.6% annual decrease distant‐stage disease during 2013–2019, rate localized‐stage rose by 3.6% Localized more steeply states highest screening prevalence (by 3%–5% those lowest 1%–2% annually). progress, disparities remain. For Native Americans have slowest decline (less 1% annually stagnant rates women) any group. In addition, Mississippi Kentucky are two three times higher most western states, largely because elevated historic smoking that remains. Racial geographic inequalities highlight longstanding opportunities concerted tobacco‐control efforts targeted high‐risk populations, including improved smoking‐cessation treatments screening, as well state‐of‐the‐art treatment.

Язык: Английский

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