Journal of Biomaterials Applications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024
The
Diels-Alder
reaction,
a
classical
(4+2)
cycloaddition
process,
holds
significant
standing
within
the
realms
of
organic
synthesis
and
polymer
chemistry,
frequently
employed
in
areas
such
as
pharmaceutical
production
material
science.
Recently,
hydrogels
constructed
via
reactions
have
garnered
considerable
attention
from
researchers.
This
review
aims
to
summarize
advancements
utilizing
reaction
for
hydrogel
synthesis,
exploring
its
impact
on
structural
design,
functionalization,
application
domains.
Initially,
fundamental
principles
are
introduced
alongside
an
examination
benefits
characteristics
fabrication.
Subsequently,
applications
Diels-Alder-generated
biomedicine,
smart
responsive
materials,
drug
delivery
systems,
among
other
fields,
comprehensively
reviewed.
Challenges
limitations
encountered
during
using
this
also
discussed.
Finally,
prospective
research
directions
future
prospects
contemplated.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Май 28, 2024
The
repair
of
irregular
bone
tissue
suffers
severe
clinical
problems
due
to
the
scarcity
an
appropriate
therapeutic
carrier
that
can
match
dynamic
and
complex
damage.
Fortunately,
stimuli-responsive
in
situ
hydrogel
systems
are
triggered
by
a
special
microenvironment
could
be
ideal
method
regenerating
because
injectability,
gelatin,
spatiotemporally
tunable
drug
release.
Herein,
we
introduce
two
main
stimulus-response
approaches,
exogenous
endogenous,
forming
hydrogels
engineering.
First,
summarize
specific
distinct
responses
extensive
range
external
stimuli
(e.g.,
ultraviolet,
near-infrared,
ultrasound,
etc.)
form
created
from
biocompatible
materials
modified
various
functional
groups
or
hybrid
nanoparticles.
Furthermore,
“smart”
hydrogels,
which
respond
endogenous
physiological
environmental
temperature,
pH,
enzyme,
etc.),
achieve
gelation
one
injection
vivo
without
additional
intervention.
Moreover,
mild
chemistry
response-mediated
also
offer
fascinating
prospects
engineering,
such
as
Diels–Alder,
Michael
addition,
thiol-Michael
Schiff
reactions,
etc.
recent
developments
challenges
smart
their
application
administration
engineering
discussed
this
review.
It
is
anticipated
advanced
strategies
innovative
ideas
will
exploited
field
increase
quality
life
for
patients
with
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(3), С. 731 - 731
Опубликована: Март 17, 2025
Additive
manufacturing,
also
known
as
3D
printing,
is
becoming
more
and
popular
because
of
its
wide
range
materials
flexibility
in
design.
Layer
by
layer,
complex
structures
can
be
generated
the
revolutionary
computer-aided
process
bioprinting.
It
particularly
crucial
for
youngsters
elderly
patients
a
useful
tool
tailored
pharmaceutical
therapy.
A
lot
research
has
been
carried
out
recently
on
use
polysaccharides
matrices
tissue
engineering
medication
delivery.
Still,
there
great
need
to
create
affordable,
sustainable
bioink
with
high-quality
mechanical,
viscoelastic,
thermal
properties
well
biocompatibility
biodegradability.
The
primary
biological
substances
(biopolymers)
chosen
formulation
are
proteins
polysaccharides,
among
several
resources
utilized
creation
such
structures.
These
naturally
occurring
biomaterials
give
macromolecular
structure
mechanical
qualities
(biomimicry),
generally
compatible
tissues
cells
(biocompatibility),
harmonious
digesting
processes
(biodegradability).
However,
difficulty
cell-laden
printing
technique
(bioprinting)
rheological
characteristics
these
natural-based
bioinks.
Polysaccharides
widely
used
they
abundant
reasonably
priced
natural
polymers.
Additionally,
serve
excipients
formulations
pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals,
cosmetics.
remarkable
benefits
polysaccharides—biocompatibility,
biodegradability,
safety,
non-immunogenicity,
absence
secondary
pollution—make
them
ideal
substrates.
purpose
this
publication
examine
recent
developments
challenges
related
stimuli-responsive
site-specific
administration
engineering.
Gels,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. 227 - 227
Опубликована: Март 22, 2025
In
this
project,
a
new
class
of
temperature-
and
pH-sensitive
hydrogel
consisting
N-isopropyl
acrylamide
(NIPAM),
hydroxyethyl
methacrylate
(HEMA),
(AAm)
was
prepared
via
controlled
route
through
the
reversible
addition–fragmentation
chain-transfer
(RAFT)
polymerization
process.
Poly(ethyleneglycol)
dimethacrylate
(PEG-DMA)
used
as
long-chain
hydrophilic
biocompatible
crosslinking
agent.
The
structure
confirmed
by
different
characteristic
techniques
such
1H
NMR,
FT-IR,
SEC,
morphology
particle
diameters
were
checked
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM)
dynamic
light
scattering
(DLS)
methods.
Afterward,
as-prepared
hydrogel,
poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA-co-AAm),
loaded
with
doxorubicin
(DOX)
to
be
pH-triggered
delivery
carrier.
system
released
DOX
slowly
at
37
°C
neutral
pH,
but
increased
release
significantly
42
acidic
pH.
anti-cancer
efficiencies
free
DOX,
DOX–hydrogel
conjugate
tested
in
vitro
using
human
colorectal
adenocarcinoma
HT-29
cell
lines.
Cytotoxicity
evaluation
compared
revealed
that
more
cancer
cells
killed
increasing
concentration.
Moreover,
DOX-mediated
apoptosis
ROS
levels
showed
beneficial
effects
poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA-co-AAm)
for
drug
delivery.
Generally,
results
suggest
can
potential
candidate
designing
systems.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
36(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
rapid
advancement
of
digital
technologies
has
heightened
the
demand
for
multifunctional
smart
materials
with
adaptive
and
responsive
capabilities.
Among
these,
chromogenic
hydrogel
composites
have
emerged
as
promising
candidates
next‐generation
applications
due
to
their
unique
stimuli‐responsive
behavior.
These
hydrogels
exhibit
dynamic
optical
changes
in
response
external
triggers
such
light,
temperature,
pH,
humidity,
mechanical
stress,
electric
or
magnetic
fields,
enabling
a
wide
range
functionalities
data
storage,
security,
authentication,
anti‐counterfeiting
technologies.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
examination
composites,
focusing
on
fundamental
design
principles,
mechanisms,
emerging
systems.
categorizes
these
based
response,
including
photochromic,
hydrochromic,
electrochromic,
magnetochromic,
thermochromic,
tribochromic,
mechanochromic
systems,
analyzing
key
material
compositions
functional
characteristics.
Furthermore,
recent
advances
fabrication
techniques
3D
4D
printing,
self‐healing
networks,
multi‐stimuli‐responsive
are
discussed,
highlighting
potential
programmable
displays,
rewritable
encrypted
security
Finally,
identifies
current
challenges
future
directions
field,
emphasizing
need
enhanced
durability,
faster
times,
improved
integration
insights
presented
this
work
aim
guide
development
innovative
interactive
intelligent
materials.
