Adult age differences in the psychophysiological response to acute stress

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 153, С. 106111 - 106111

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023

Age-related differences in the psychophysiology of acute stress response are poorly understood given limited number studies and high heterogeneity findings. The present study contributes by investigating age both psychological physiological responses to a sample healthy younger (N = 50; 18-30; Mage 23.06; SD 2.90) older adults 65-84; 71.12; 5.02). Specifically, effects psychosocial (i.e., age-adapted Trier Social Stress Test) were investigated at numerous timepoints throughout phases baseline, anticipation, reactivity, recovery) on cortisol, heart rate, subjective stress, anticipatory appraisal stressful situation. was conducted between-subject (younger vs. older) cross-over (stress control) design. Results revealed age-related variables: had overall lower salivary cortisol levels control conditions stress-induced increase AUCi). In addition, adults' reactivity delayed compared adults. Older showed rate condition while no observed condition. Finally, reported less negative during anticipation phase than adults, which could potentially explain this group. discussed relation existing literature, potential underlying mechanisms, future directions for field.

Язык: Английский

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Mortality in Patients With Nonfunctional Adrenal Tumors

JAMA Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 183(8), С. 832 - 832

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2023

It is unclear if nonfunctional adrenal adenomas (NFAAs) are associated with increased mortality.To analyze mortality and causes of death in patients NFAA.A national retrospective register-based case-control study was conducted included 17 726 a diagnosis adenoma Sweden from 2005 to 2019 who were identified followed up until or 2020 as well 124 366 controls without adenoma. Individuals diagnoses indicating hormonal excess cancer excluded. Follow-up started after 3 months cancer-free survival following the date NFAA diagnosis. Sensitivity analyses performed subgroups individuals for whom it assumed that would also have undergone computed tomography: those acute appendicitis (for there no concern cancer) combination gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreas disorders 6-month 12-month The data analyzed 2022.Diagnosis NFAA.The primary outcome all-cause among adjustment comorbidities socioeconomic factors. Secondary outcomes due cardiovascular diseases cancer.Among cases, 10 777 (60.8%) women, median (IQR) age 65 (57-73) years; controls, 69 514 (55.9%) 66 (58-73) years. Among overall during follow-up period (median, 6.2 years [IQR, 3.3-9.6 years]) higher compared (hazard ratio [HR] 1.43; 95 CI, 1.38-1.48; adjusted HR [aHR], 1.21; 95% 1.16-1.26). relative association similar women men (aHR, 1.22 [95% 1.15-1.28] vs 1.19 1.11-1.26]; P < .001 both groups). In contrast, larger increase younger than 1.44; 1.31-1.58) older 1.15; 1.10-1.20; interaction). Mortality 1.13-1.29), 1.54; 1.42-1.67). between remained significant magnitude all sensitivity analyses.The results this suggest an disease cancer. more pronounced individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Frailty and chronic diseases: A bi‐directional relationship

Aging Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(4), С. 510 - 515

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Abstract Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome associated with decline in reserve capacity across multiple organ systems involving physical, psychological, and social aspects. Weakness the earliest indicator of frailty process. Multi‐morbidity state presence two or more chronic diseases. diseases are interlinked as frail individuals prone to develop multi‐morbid may present frailty. They share common risk factors, pathogenesis, progression, outcomes. Significant factors include obesity, smoking, aging, sedentary, stressful lifestyle. Pathophysiological mechanisms involve high levels circulating inflammatory cytokines seen such hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, anemia. Hence, go hand it utmost importance identify them intervene during early stages. Screening treating multi‐morbidity incorporate both pharmacological majorly non‐ measures, physical activities, nutrition, pro‐active care, minimizing polypharmacy addressing reversible medical conditions. The purpose this mini‐review highlight interrelation through discussion their predictors outcomes how timely interventions essential prevent progression one other.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond the challenge hypothesis: The emergence of the dual-hormone hypothesis and recommendations for future research

Hormones and Behavior, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 123, С. 104657 - 104657

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Arthritis and the role of endogenous glucocorticoids

Bone Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2020

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the most common forms of arthritis, are chronic, painful, disabling conditions. Although both diseases differ in etiology, they manifest progressive joint destruction characterized by pathological changes articular cartilage, bone, synovium. While potent anti-inflammatory properties therapeutic (i.e., exogenous) glucocorticoids have been heavily researched widely used clinical practice, role endogenous susceptibility disease progression remains poorly understood. Current evidence from mouse models suggests that local glucocorticoid signaling is upregulated pro-inflammatory microenvironment rheumatoid aging-related mechanisms osteoarthritis. Furthermore, these indicate macrophages, mast cells, chondrocytes has effects, while fibroblast-like synoviocytes, myocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes actions arthritis. Conversely, osteoblasts destructive actions. Together studies provide insights into pathogenesis inflammatory degenerative disease.

Язык: Английский

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